人教版（新目标）初中九年级Unit13Rainydaysmakemesad期末知识梳理.doc

人教版（新目标）初中九年级Unit 13 Rainy days make me sad期末知识梳理重要词汇解析1owner n.所有者，业主。它是由动词own+er构成的。同时own还可作形容词用在所有格后以加强语气。【例】 （1）Who is the owner of this building? 谁是这幢大楼的业主？（2）His grandfather was the owner of this farm.他祖父过去是这个农场的所有者。（3）She was bold enough to own her mistake.她鼓起勇气承认了错误。（4）Many farmers now own motorbikes.现在许多农民拥有摩托车。（5）The boy owned to having done wrong.这男孩承认自己做错了事。（6）I saw the scene with my own eyes.我亲眼看到了那一幕情景。（7）She worked on her own.她独立工作。2knowledge n.知识，学问，认识，了解，知道。它的动词形式是know。【例】（1）There can be no knowledge apart from practice.离开实践的认识是不可能的。（2）I have no knowledge of his whereabouts.我不知道他的下落。（3）It has come to my knowledge that you are a doctor now.我听说你现在已经是医生了。（4）She doesnt know how to drive.她不知道怎样开车。3serve vt.& vi. 为服务，招待，供应，（发）球，送交，符号，对有用等。【例】（1）How is it that the waiter seems reluctant to serve me? 服务员似乎不愿接待我，这是怎么回事呢？（2）They serve good Chinese food in this restaurant.这家饭馆供应美味的中国菜。（3）Its your turn to serve the ball.轮到你发球了。（4）The court served him with a summons.法院向他送了传票。（5）This excuse will not serve him.这种借口并不能帮他的忙。（6）He served in the army between 1978 and 1988他于1978年至1988年期间在部队服役。（7）A board placed on his lap served for a desk.在膝盖上摆的一块木板成了他的写字台。4uncomfortable adj.不舒服的，不合意的。它是由comfortable加前缀un构成的，而comfortable是由comfort加后缀able构成的。【例】 （1）She felt uncomfortable with strangers.她同陌生人在一起觉得不自在。（2）We felt very comfortable at the hotel.我们在旅馆住得很舒服。（3）He has a comfortable income.他收入可观。（4）His words gave her much comfort.他的话给了她很大的安慰。（5）Be of good comfort.振作起来！5smoke vi.& vt. 吸烟，冒烟。它可作名词用，而smoker则是“吸烟者”。【例】（1）When I came back I found the generator smoking.我回来时发现发电机在冒烟。（2）My dad doesnt smoke.我爸爸不吸烟。（3）The young man smoked himself ill.那年轻人吸烟吸出病来了。（4）Such coal produces little smoke.这种煤燃烧时生烟不多。（5）He had a smoke before setting to work.他开始工作前抽了一支烟。（6）My uncle is a heavy smoker.我叔叔烟瘾很大。6aim vt.& vi.瞄准，针对，目的在于。它可作名词用。【例】（1）He aimed his gun at the hare.他把枪瞄准野兔。（2）My remarks were not aimed at you.我的话不是针对你说的。（3）We must aim high.我们必须力争上游。（4）The young man aims at becoming a writer.这年轻人有志成为作家。（5）He achieved his aim.他达到了目标。7useful adj.有用的，有益的。它是由use加后缀ful构成的。use可作动词用，也可作名词用。【例】（1）That is a useful book.那是一本有用的书。（2）John is a useful person to have around on such occasions.在这种场合有约翰在身边是很有帮助的。（3）Will you be kind enough to let me use your electronic typewriter? 让我使用一下你的电子打字机好吗？（4）This telephone number is no longer in use.这个电话号码已不再使用了。8mislead vt.把引入歧途。它是由lead加前缀mis构成的，它的过去式和过去分词是misled, misled。【例】（1）He was entirely misled by her words.他完全误解了她的话。（2）The travellers were misled by the guide.旅游者们被向导领错了路。（3）We had a guide to lead the way.我们有一个向导带路。（4）the general led his troops to battle.将军率领部队去作战。9careful adj.小心的，仔细的。它是由care加后缀ful构成的，它的反义词是careless，而care则可作动词或名词用。【例】（1）Be careful not to make any noise.注意不要有响声。（2）He is a careless person.他是个粗心大意的人。（3）He said I should have given more care to my work.他说我本该更认真地工作。（4）He cares a lot about his appearance.他很讲究外表。重点句型汇总1. Rainy days make me sad. 下雨天让我感到悲伤。2. Did you have fun with Amy last night? 昨天晚上你和Amy玩得高兴吗？3. Do you think its fair that some restaurants are designed to be uncomfortable？你认为一些餐厅设计得让人不舒服公平吗？4. It makes me want to join a clean-up campaign. 这使我想进入一次清扫运动。5. Its true that some ads can be very useful. 一些广告的确很有用。6. For instance , they can help you to compare two different products so that you can buy the one you really need. 例如，它们能够帮助你比较两种不同的产品，这样你就能买到你真正需要的东西。7. At times, an ad can lead you to buy something that you dont need at all. 有时候，广告导致你买你根本不需要的东西。8. I used to wear it every time I visited, but when I left their house， I took it off. 每次去看他们我就穿上，然后出了门再脱下来。9. It was a very nice thought, but my grandparents have different tastes from me. 原本是一个不错的主意，但祖父母和我有不同的眼光。交际用语 1. Loud music makes me tense. 吵闹的音乐使我感到紧张。2. Waiting for her made me angry. 等她使我感到生气。3. Did you have fun with Amy last night? 昨天晚上你和Amy玩得高兴吗？重要语法 使役动词make的用法【课文讲解】1. Id rather go to the Blue Lagoon Restaurant 我宁愿去Blue Lagoon餐厅，would rather意为“宁愿”,表示句子主语的愿望、选择，后接省去to的不定式。Hed rather join you in the English Group. 他宁愿加入到你的英语小组中来。Which would you rather have, bread or rice? 面包和米饭，你更喜欢哪一个？如果表示“宁愿（可）也不愿”则用句型would ratherthan在would rather和than后面所连接的两个对比部分一般要一致。The brave soldier would rather die than give in. 那个勇敢的士兵宁死不屈。Hed rather work than play. 他宁愿工作也不愿玩。They preferred to die of hunger rather than take his bread. 他们宁愿饿死也不愿接受他的面包。2. Loud music makes me happy. 嘈杂的音乐使我很开心。Loud music always makes me want to dance. 嘈杂的音乐总是使我想去跳舞。这两句是动词make的使役用法，make me后分别接了形容词和不定式短语。make的这种用法常见于以下结构：make+名词（代词）+省略to的动词不定式My parents often make me do some other homework. 我父母常让我做些其他的作业。特别提示这一结构中的不定式短语在主动结构中是宾语补足语，必须省去to,变为被动结构时，不定式短语作主语补足语，这时必须带to.She was made to work for the night shift. 她不得不上夜班。make+名词/代词+-ed分词短语：What made them so frightened? 什么使他们这样害怕？Can you make yourself understood in English? 你能用英语把意思表达清楚吗？make+名词/代词+介词短语或名词短语She made him her assistant. 她委派他做自己的助手。Sit down and make yourselves at home, everyone. 大家请坐，不要拘束。make+名词（代词）+形容词或形容词短语。The good news made us happy. 这条好消息使我们很高兴。3. small restaurants can serve many people every day. 小饭店每天可以接待许多顾客。句中的serve 有“服侍，侍候，招待”等意思，常用于以下结构中：serve+宾语：They were busy serving the days last buyers. 他们正忙着接待这天的最后一批顾客。Nobody can serve two masters. 一人不能侍奉二主。serve sb sth, 或serve sth to sb: 用招待某人 或 提供给某人Mrs Turner served us a very good dinner. 特纳太太招待我们吃了一顿丰盛的晚餐。=Mrs Turner served a very good dinner to us.serve sb with sth:用什么东西招待某人。We served them with beer and wine. 我们用啤酒和红酒招待他们。4. However, some advertising can be confusing or misleading. 可是，一些广告可能会混淆黑白或误导消费。confusing与misleading是两个现在分词，相当于形容词，意思分别是“感到混消的”和“误导的”,在句中作表语，主语通常是表示物的名词或代词，如本句中的用法；也可以用作定语，既可修饰表示人的名词或代词，也可以修饰表示物的名词或代词。They can be some confusing or misleading advertisements. 它们可能是一些混淆黑白或误导消费的广告。5. At times an ad can lead you to buy something you dont need at all. 有时，一则广告会诱导你去买你根本就不需要的东西。at times意为“有时，不时”,与sometimes同义。两者在句中的位置较灵活，可位于句首，句中或句末。At times I make mistakes when I speak English. 我说英语时有时会出错。They went to town at times during the cold winter. 在寒冷的冬天，他们有时候进城去。Sometimes they walk to school. 有时候，他们步行上学。He sometimes plays football with his friends. 他有时和朋友一起踢足球。6. To start with, it was raining, and rainy days make me sad. 起初，天在下雨，雨天使我心情很不好。start with作“首先”解时，只用于动词不定式，在句中常常以插入语的形式出现。To start with, the computer room must be kept very clean. 首先，计算机工作室必须保持清洁。Our group had five members, to start with. 刚开始，我们小组只有五个人。start with可表示“从开始”;“先从某事做起”,与beginwith是同义词组。反义词组是end with“以结束”.He started/began with the aim of injuring others only to end up by ruining himself. 他本想损害别人，结果只害了自己。The meeting ended with a speech given by the chairman. 会议以主席的讲话结束。He wanted to start/begin with the smallest country and end with the largest one. 他打算先去最小的国家，最后去最大的国家。start单独使用时，意为“开始”,可用作及物动词或不及物动词。用作及物动词时，其后跟名词、代词，也可跟动词不定式或动名词形式。begin是start的同义词，两者在用法上没有很大差别，只是start侧重动作的突然开始。As soon as we got there, it started raining. 我们一到那儿就下雨了。When did we start/begin this lesson? 我们是什么时候开始讲这一课的？7. some people would rather just give money.有些宁愿只给钱。句中的would rather是would ratherthan的省略形式，意为“宁愿而不”,表示主观愿望。使用这一结构，要注意两个比较的部分对等。You would also rather stay at home and read a good book than go to a party. 你宁愿待在家里看一本好书也不愿去参加舞会。I would rather have the small one than the big one. 我宁愿要小的，不要大的。特别提示比较的部分如果是动词，than后应是动词原形。8. I prefer to receive a gift 我宁愿接受一件礼物。prefer表示选择时，可用两种句型。（1）prefer+名词（动名词）+ to + 名词（动名词）。They prefer red to blue. 与蓝色相比，他们更喜欢红色。I preferred doing something to doing nothing. 我喜欢做点什么，而不喜欢闲着。（2）prefer+不定式或名词+rather than+不带to的动词不定式。He preferred to walk there rather than go by bus. 他喜欢走着去那儿，不喜欢乘公共汽车。She prefers to read rather than sit idle. 她喜欢读书而不愿闲坐着。【典型考题】1. The teacher made the students the text after school.A. wrote B. to write C. write D. writing【考点】本题考查不带to的动词不定式做宾语补足语的用法。【解析】在使役动词make, have, let等后面用省略to的动词不定式做宾语补足语。选C。2. The price of this computer is the of the three. A. smallest B. biggest C. highest D. tallest【考点】本题考查“价格”高低的表达法。【解析】主语为表示价格的名词price，这里应用表示“高低”的形容词。可先排除A、B项。根据习惯表达，价格高用high，而不用tall。选C。 3. We had a picnic last term and it was a lot of fun, so lets have one this month.A. the other B. some C. another D. other【考点】本题考查不定代词other, others, the others, another的用法区别。【解析】other表示“别的，另外的”，只能与复数名词连用，如：other students；the other表示“两个数量中的另一个”，表示特指；another表示“总数为三个以上中的任意的另一个”，表示泛指；the other复数名词the others，指的是一定范围内“所有其余的人或事物”，是特指。这里another one是指另一个野餐。选C。4. What does your cousin look like now?Oh, he is much than before.A. strong B. stronger C. strongest D. too strong【考点】本题考查比较级的用法。【考点】本题可用排除法。Even, a lot, much, far等修饰形容词或副词的比较级。选B。5. More and more people in Beijing are learning English they can better serve the 2008 Olympic Games. A. because of B. so that C. even though D. as if【考点】本题考查so that的用法。【解析】so that引导目的状语从句，意为“以便，目的是，为了”，从句中的谓语动词要用“may, can, should, could”等情态动词，表示目的状语，相当于in order that。选B。【语法详解】使役动词make的用法 make用作使役动词表示“使、使成为”的意思，它的后面跟宾语的时候，句子所表达的意思还不是很完整，需要用宾语补足语来补充说明宾语的情况，使句子的意思表达更完整，宾语和宾语补足语一起合称为“复合宾语”。动词make的后面用宾语和宾语补足语，宾语补足语可以用形容词、名词、动词不定式和分词来充当。下面我们细说“make宾语：宾语补足语”的结构和用法。一、make宾语形容词这种结构所表示的意思是“使处于某种状态”。宾语补足语用来修饰事物的性质和人所处的状态，经常用表示情感的形容词happy，sad和表示状态的形容词rich，nervous来充当宾语补足语。例如：We must make the water clean. 我们必须保证河水干净。The good news makes us happy. 这个好消息使得我们非常兴奋。二、make宾语名词这种结构所表示的意思是“使成为”“让当”。例如：The movie made her a star. 那部电影使她成为明星。They made Bush president of the United States. 他们选布什为美国总统。三、make宾语过去分词这种结构的宾语往往是反身代词，宾语和宾语补足语之间的关系是被动关系，表示被动的意思，它的意思是“使被”。经常用的结构是“make oneself heard，known，understood”。例如：I made myself understood by all the students in my class. 我让全班的学生都能明白我的意思。四、make宾语动词不定式这种结构所表示的意思是“强迫某人做某事”，后面的动词不定式作宾语补足语的时候要省略to。这类的使役动词有：have，make，let，see，hear，watch，notice等，它们的宾语补足语如果是动词不定式都可以用省略to的动词不定式。例如：The loud music often made me leave. 吵闹的音乐总是使我想离开。在被动语态，这种结构把原来省略的to还原。例如：The boy was made to work for twelve hours a day.这个男孩每天被迫工作12个小时。五、make宾语现在分词这种结构所表示的意思是“让某人一直处于某种状态”，后面用现在分词作宾语补足语表示动作正在发生或者正在进行，现在分词和宾语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系。这类动词有make，see，watch，hear，notice，feel，find和have，keep，get等。例如：I saw him putting his hands into your pocket. 我看到他把手放在你的口袋里。Her mother made her standing all the time. 他的妈妈一直让他站着。【中考连线】1. Our teacher raised her voice but she still couldnt make herself _.A. understand B. to understand C. understanding D. understood【答案与解析】答案是D。本句子是考查过去分词作宾语补足语的用法，make宾语（反身代词）过去分词表示“让某人明白”的意思，宾语和宾语补足语是被动关系。学生很容易错误选择A和C。选择A的错误是受到“make宾语省略to的动词不定式”的影响，这个短语的宾语不是反身代词。选择C的错误是受到“make宾语现在分词”的影响，用现在分词表示“让某人一直做某事”，它的宾语也不用反身代词。2. What you said just now makes me _ unhappy.A. feel B. to feel C. feeling D. felt【答案与解析】答案是A。本句子是考查用省略to的动词不定式做宾语补足语，表示“使得某人感觉”的意思。学生很容易错误选择B和C。选择B的错误是受到ask，tell somebody to do something的影响，而没有考虑到make的宾语补足语要用省略to的动词不定式。选择C的错误是受到make宾语现在分词的用法的影响，现在分词表示一直在做某事，与本句子的意思不相符合。3. Your sister is often heard _ this popular song in her bedroom.A. sing B. to sing C. sings D. sung【答案与解析】答案是B。本句子是考查“make宾语动词不定式”这个短语的被动语态的，短语make宾语动词不定式要用省略to的动词不定式，在变为被动语态的时候要把省略的to加上。学生很容易错误选择A。选择A的错误是受到动词短语make宾语（省略to）的动词不定式的影响。在主动语态中省略to；在被动语态中必须加上to。4. Dont make your mother _ all the time. Give her a seat quickly.A. stand B. standing C. to stand D. stood【答案与解析】答案是B。本句子是考查短语“make宾语现在分词”的用法，表示“让某人一直做某事”的意思。学生很容易错误选择A和D。选择A的错误是没有考虑句子后面的意思和情景，只是考虑动词短语“make宾语动词不定式”的用法，从句子的意思理解是“让你妈妈一直站着”的意思，所以用现在分词。选择D的错误是用过去分词作宾语补足语，宾语一般是反身代词，本句子的宾语不是反身代词同步测试题I. 单项选择1. Many ads on TV are aimed specially young women.A. to B. at C. for D. of 2. How do you feel soft color pink and light blue?A. like B. or C. of D. about3. Usually soft colors make people .A. relaxing B. relaxed C. exciting D. excited 4. Panda is a kind of animal.A. dangerous B. endangering C. danger D. endangered5. Mom, I want to buy this dictionary. It is good but not too .Let me see It is really a useful dictionary. And the price is . OK. I will buy one for you.A. high; low B. expensive; cheap C. high; cheap D. expensive; low6. Im greatly about what you have said. Could you explain that to me clearly?A. moved B. misled C. confused D. pleased7. Its impolite of you to keep Mr. King there so long.A. wait B. waiting C. to wait D. to wait for8. Dinners ready.OK. Why not turn on the radio? I like to listen to soft music eating.A. after B. before C. while D. as soon as9. Take this umbrella. It can the rain.A. keep B. keep out C. protect D. go away10. Knowing how to learn is more important than how much to learn.A. even B. less C. a few D. a bit of 11. your answers those in the answer book to see if they are right.A. Compare; to B. Compare; with C. Compare; in D. Compare; for12. Please speak a little louder we can hear clearly.A. so as B. in order to C. so and D. so that 13. the new sunglasses Lisa look mysterious. A. Wear; make B. Wearing; makes C. Wears; makes D. Wearing; make14. There is something wrong with my watch, so it doesnt well.A. go B. walk C. work D. turn 15. Some ads can be or .You have to be careful.A. confuse; mislead B. confused; misled C. confusing; mislead D. confusing; misleadingII. 完型填空Its very difficult to find a public place without advertisement now. We can _16_ them in the newspaper, on TV, and hear them over the radio. Even _17_ we watch a ball game, ads will meet our eyes.Its true that in the activities of business ads are _18_ a more and more important part. They tell people about new products and help more in _19_. In this way, ads help companies to make their business better. This is a big advantage. _20 _, ads also bring people all kinds of disadvantages. For example, some of the businessmen are even so dishonest that they dont 21 the truth about their products, in hopes that they will win a big 22 for their products. When you are watching an interesting TV play, it is suddenly _23_ by some ads and they are appearing on the screen. Therefore, people may get tired of ads. Also some ads _24_ at children, and they ask their parents to buy them something in the ads. From these points, ads _25_ have some disadvantages.16. A. watch B. feel C. see D. read17. A. so B. when C. if D. when 18. A. making B. playing C. getting D. doing 19. A. sellers B. sales C. studies D. works20. A. And B. Also C. Anyway D. However 21. A. say B. tell C. speak D. talk 22. A. shop B. place C. production D. market 23. A. continued B. stopped C. attacked D. performed 24. A. aim B. fit C. prefer D. like 25. A. hardly B. badly C. really D. nearlyIII. 阅读理解A阅读下面三则广告，回答问题。 Come to Austria（奥地利）Soll is a village in the mountains in western Austria. And the Post Hotel is clean and not expensive. It is opened by a local family. From the hotel you can see the whole village, the forests and the mountains. Temperatures in summer are usually 20 to 25 in the daytime, but much cooler by evening.Enjoy Thailand（泰国）!When you visit Bangkok in Thailand, dont miss the early morning river boat trip to the Floating（漂浮）Market just outside the city. There you will find many kinds of fruits and vegetables. And you can pay for them when you sit in your boat. Dont forget your hat: the sun can be strong and it may be as hot as 40 at noon.Visit Hawaii!Maybe the most beautiful place in Hawaii is Kauai. You can visit its long, sandy beaches in the south and west of the island, and mountains and forests in the north, but dont be surprised if it rains in the centre of the island. Daytime temperatures there are usually around 24 to 26 by the sea, and only a little cooler by late evening.26.The advertisements above are about _.A. shopping B. food C. travel D. hotels27. If you go to Bangkok, you can _. A. climb mountains B. enjoy the scenery of the forests C. live in the Post Hotel D. buy fruits while sitting in your boat28. _ is one better way to prevent the strong sunshine in BangkokA. Going to the sandy beaches B. Wearing a hat C. Climbing up the mountains D. Staying in the forests29.Which place will you choose if you want to visit both mountains and beaches?A. Soll in Austria. B. Bangkok in Thailand. C. The Floating Market. D. Kauai in Hawaii.30. According to（根据）the advertisements, we know that _.A. the hottest travel place is Soll B. maybe it often rains in the centre of KauaiC. the Floating Market is in the middle of Bangkok D. the Post Hotel in Austria is clean but the price is highBDr. Max Lusher studied colors. He believed that color influences our behavior. He did some research during the early part of the twentieth century.A certain color can cause an emotional reaction（反应）in people. Dr. Lusher invented a test using eight colorsyellow, red, dark green, dark blue, gray, purple, brown, and black. Studying the colors people chose, he figured out（弄明白）their emotional states（状况）. You can find his test on the Internet, and see if works for you.Dr. Lusher said, for example, that bright yellow means sunshinea new day and a bright