任务型阅读专项训练四篇.doc

任务型阅读专项训练四篇1Voluntourism, or volunteer tourism, is about killing two birds with one stonetraveling and volunteering. You get to visit new places, meet new people, learn new cultures and experience new things along with making a difference in the place you visit and in the lives of the people you meet. Voluntourists are people who are willing to spend their hard-earned money, vacation time and energy to serve the local community. Often, people choose voluntourism to use their skills for a worthy cause rather than the usual monetary gain.There are many benefits of voluntourism. From the individual point of view, voluntourism can make the tourists learn a large number of new things, get an opportunity to use skills for sustained services, get the satisfaction of making a difference in other peoples lives and find a new purpose for life. From the local communitys point of view, many types of productive services are received, and there is an increase in tourist income and also cross-cultural understanding and mutual respect are promoted. In addition, the local people get glimpses of better living conditions and are motivated to develop themselves.However, voluntourism can be as harmful as it is useful, if the voluntours and voluntourists are not well-organized. For example, voluntourists may fall ill because of less leisure and more work, or be not satisfied with their personal role due to wrong choice of project or high expectations. They even become pessimistic after witnessing the dark side of life. Whats worse, it can affect the local employment and markets negatively. Therefore, a lot of thought should be put into decisions of becoming a voluntourist.The first stage of going on a voluntour is knowing why you want to be a voluntourist and then finding a voluntour that will meet your purpose. Keep in mind that the place you would be going to is where real people with real needs and real emotions live. Your services are going to impact not only their present, but possibly even their future.Thorough research on the organization and its project is a must. Get in contact with people who have gone on voluntours before. A good voluntour organizer will be more interested in meeting the needs of the community they will work for. Your services as a volunteer should be beneficial, not harmful, to the local people. So it is best to make a list of things you would want to do on a voluntour and the impact you want the project to have on the community there.In summary, having an open mind, learners attitude and a team spirit will go a long way in making you an effective voluntourist. Voluntours that are carelly chosen and rightly carried out, give a lifetime of happy memories and friendships to everyone who is involvedthe organizers, voluntourists and the local community.VoluntourismDefinition Voluntourism is a (71) _ of volunteering and traveling. Voluntourists use their skills for a charitable cause.Benefits Gaining much (72) _. Offering the tourists a chance to use skills for sustained services. Making the tourists satisfied with their behaviors. Bringing the local community productive services and (73)_income. (74)_ cross-cultural understanding and mutual respect. Motivating the local people to seek better living conditionsHarm Making voluntourists possibly ill, (75)_ with their personal role or even pessimistic. Having negative(76)_ on the local employment and markets.Tips Know your (77)_ of being a voluntourist and find a voluntour accordingly. Go to the place where people have real needs. (78)_ your services will impact both their present and their future. Do research on the organization and its project (79)_. (80)_ what you want to do on a voluntour.SummaryAn effective voluntourist should have an open mind, learners attitude, and a team spirit.2Art therapy is the therapeutic(治疗的) use of art making, by people who experience illness, trauma(创伤) or challenges in living, and by people who seek personal development. By creating art and reflecting on the art products and processes, people can increase awareness of self and others, deal with symptoms, stress and traumatic experiences and develop cognitive（认知的） abilities.The benefits of art therapy can be mainly divided into four main categories as follows:Emotional benefits: Art therapy is extensively used to treat people who have suffered emotional, mental or physical abuse at any point in their lives. Art therapy helps you take an active part in removing your emotional baggage, instead of waiting for time to heal you. It helps you recognize and positively solve the conflicts within yourself that you may not even have been aware of.Social benefits: The main concern of socially challenged or painfully shy people is that they are afraid to go out in public, thinking they are the only ones suffering from an embarrassing condition. For such people, joining an art group therapy session helps to get rid of this feeling of isolation. They can interact with other people with similar conditions. Creating something of their own without any help from anyone helps in building their confidence. It also provides them with a platform to express themselves.Cognitive benefits: Art has proven to be a medium of communication between the two hemispheres（半球） of the brain which are usually independent. The right hemisphere controls memories, while the left hemisphere controls verbal abilities. So it may be difficult for a person to speak out his traumatic memories, in which case art comes to the rescue. The art produced by someone who has been through a trauma, illness or an accident that has left them with a disability, gives us a look into the working of their brain and an idea about their point of view. This can go a long way in understanding and dealing with their mental blocks. Although imagery isnt always 100% efficient, it is helpful in starting off in the right direction.Physical benefits: The main physical benefit of art therapy is reduction in stress and an overall rise in the general feeling of activeness. As discussed in social benefits, it helps extremely shy people get over their shyness and makes their body language more confident and positive, like small changes in the style of walking, etc. It has also proven beneficial in making blood pressure lower, and making the immunity better.Art therapyDefinitionHeal oneself by creating art and reflecting on the created art work.BenefitsEmotionally Treat emotional, mental or physical abuse. Help you (71)_ actively in clearing your emotional baggage. Help make the mental conflicts (72)_ and solved positively.Socially Help shy people become social and (73)_ the feeling of isolation. Make people become (74)_. Provide a platform for self-expression.Cognitively Help a person describe his traumatic memories in (75)_. Help (76)_ and deal with ones mental blocks.(77)_ Reduce stress and anxiety; and (78)_ the general feeling of activeness. Help (79)_ shyness and build confidence. (80)_ blood pressure and improve the immunity.3Little Annul has just turned two and his parents are already on the lookout for suitable preschools. Actually, getting a good preschool for your child is not less than a tough task, and there are many points to keep in mind while selecting the right preschool for your child.Quality preschool education: At this stage stress should not be on the academic skills but on building up the whole personality of the child in his growing years. Essentially preschools need to focus on teaching basic social skills to the child in a group setting and also teach him discipline by having a structured routine like beginning of the day with morning songs, then storytelling, outdoor playtime, art, music and dance, etc. Along with this, it is important for a preschool to have qualified and educated teaching staff. Both experience in teaching children and a degree in early childhood education are necessary.Safety of your child: Safety is a big issue. It is quite important for parents to figure out how secure their child is in the school. Will he be looked after well? A school needs to take many precautions for the childs safety, for example, it mustnt allow any unknown person to enter the school. Also, the school must be located in the safe place and care must be taken to keep the gates and doors locked of the play area in the outdoors.A preschool in the vicinity(附近) is convenient: Sending your child to a school, which is near to the home, is considerably safe. Parents may face difficulty in sending their kids to a school which is far away from the home. Your child leaves home later in the morning and comes home early, spends less time in commuting, which is very convenient.Activities in the school: Activities in the preschool is an important part of any preschool. Certain activities are essential for childrens growth. There must be a variety of activities that help in the development of every aspect of the children.Environment plays a crucial role: Hunting for best preschools in your region is not an easy task. The schools environment lends a big hand in the development of childrens social skills. A friendly environment is good that doesnt put much pressure on the children and encourages them to learn and interact. Coming to the preschool is a big transition in the childs life. Therefore, it is important for him to have really comfortable environment. The preschool exposes the children to early social situations with their peers and in addition prepares for them to adjust in the school setting at an early age.Determining factors in choosing a preschool for your childThe preschoolProvides (71)_ education.The preschool is close to your home.The preschool provides various activities.Sending your child to a school nearby is safe and also helps you (78)_ more time in commuting. The (72)_ of the schools education should be basic special skills and discipline. The preschool should have a structured routine. The teaching staff should be (73)_ and have a degree.The environment should be friendly and comfortable enough to help the children feel less (80)_ and learn and interact actively.The preschool (74)_ the children are safe.The preschool has a good environment.Different activities are organized to help in (79)_ every aspect of the children. The preschool takes safety precautions to (75)_ the children. The preschool should forbid (76)_ to enter the school. The preschool (77)_ in a safe place and has a safe play area.4House rules must be meant to promote togetherness and an atmosphere of peace and order. Setting any rule must be to encourage children to develop a sense of responsibility. Children need to make sense of the rules so that they follow them on their own, even when youre not watching. Then, how can such house rules be built? First of all, avoid writing a rule book. Use your childs maturity level and the values you want to pass on to him/ her as the foundation for your rules. Select the most important matters to make rules about.If you want your kids to stick to the rules, make them participate in setting them up. As soon as children begin to understand things around them, make them take part in the discussion about setting up rules. If youve allotted an hour every day for watching television, explain to the child why you think its a proper duration. Tell them what theyd have to do for the rest of the time. Allotting time for homework, playing with friends, etc., must be done with the childs participation. You can also explain the need to have a particular rule and the consequences of disobeying the rule during this discussion. The rules will then become more effective.Once the list of rules is ready, make an artwork out of it and ensure that the kids get to see it easily while going about the house. You can hang it up very frequently though. After a few months, when you see that the kids are taking to a certain rule quite easily and without supervision, you may praise them for it and get rid of that rule from the list. You just need to emphasize that while youre proud that the rule needs no reminding, its still an unwritten rule. These actions will enable the kids to place you in their circle of trust.Enforcement(执行) of rules is possible only if there are clear consequences for disobeying them. Ensure that your kids understand that the consequence is the price they have to pay for breaking the rules and its not a punishment. Not following the rule will result in a minor or major inconvenience, so make sure you explain the consequences early in advance of your consequences for disobeying the rules border（近似于） on abusive parenting. For example, take off the rule that says“if you dont get home by 11 at night, make arrangements to stay elsewhere until morning”. Let helping with minor household chores or cleaning up their own room, etc., serve as consequences for disobeying rules.With these tips on how to make house rules, hope you can direct your child to become a responsible and independent hu