高考英语总复习 语法先行 名词预习学案2（含解析）(1).doc

名 词 2 【学习目标】 名词在高考中的考点【复习任务】 1.学习重点：名词命题点1和命题点2 2.学习难点：名词可数性易错点，名词的双重所有格，名词作定语。【问题导学】 纵观近几年全国、上海、北京等地的高考试题，对名词的考查往往涉及名词作定语(如：he dropped the coffee cup and broke it.)，抽象名词具体化(如： what a pleasant surprise he gave us!)，区分可数名词和不可数名词，根据句意选择适当的名词，某个名词在不同场合下的具体意义和一些名词构成的固定搭配。 一般来说名词主要考查： 1可数名词复数构成的规则及不规则变化。 2可数名词和不可数名词的判断与用法对比。 3名词的所有格，包括s所有格，of所有格和双重所有格的用法。 4名词作定语和名词构成的习语及用法等。 5名词的词义辨析。 近几年的高考题对名词的考查一般集中在名词的辨析上。所以在学习中要注意名词在特定语境中的正确使用和细微差别，另外还要注意名词和动词的搭配用法。抽象名词的具体化也应该引起重视。surprise不可数表示“惊奇”，可数为“令人惊奇的事情”；shame不可数为“羞愧”，可数为“令人羞愧的事”，除此之外还有：honour，failure，success，pleasure，pity等。命题点1 名词的数 命题点2 名词的所有格及名词作定语 命题点1 名词的数 本类考题解答锦囊 名词有数的区分。在英语中名词分为可数名词和不可数名词。可数名词有单复数形式，不可数名词没有复数形式。有些名词既可以是可数名词，也可以是不可数名词，但所表达的意义不同。我们在应试时要考虑以下几点： 1.名词的可数性及其易错点。 一般来说，个体名词和大部分集合名词是可数的，而专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词以及小部分集合名词则通常是不可数的。但是这种区分只是大致的，并不是绝对的。英语中有些名词往往既可以是可数的也可以是不可数的。 a：would you like a cake?要吃块蛋糕吗? b：no，i dont like cake.不吃，我不喜欢吃蛋糕。 以上第一句用a cake，这是把cake视为一块一块的“蛋糕”，所以它是可数的；而第二句只用 cake，这是把它当作物质名词看待，所以它成了不可数名词。 抽象名词是表示事物性质、行为、状态、感情等抽象概念的，因此它通常是不可数的。但是，有时抽象名词也可转化为具体名词(可数)，表示具有某种性质的人或事物：success成功(不可数)a success成功的人或事(可数)；pleasure愉快(不可数)a pleasure令人愉快的人或事 (可数)。 2.可数与不可数名词的常用修饰语。 (1) 修饰可数名词常有these，those，few，a few，many，agood(great)many，a great (good)number of 等。(2) 修饰不可数名词常有this，that，little，a little，a bit of ,much，a great deal of，a large amount of等。高考最新热门题 1.(典型例题the young dancers looked so charming in their beautiful clothes that we took_pictures of them. a. many of b. masses of c. the number of d. a large amount of 命题目的与解题技巧：此题考查表示“许多”的名词修饰语。 【解 析】 many，masses of，a number of，a large amount of 都可以表示“许多的”“大量的”。其中，many，a number of修饰可数名词复数；a large amount of修饰不可数名词；masses of可用于可数、不可数名词前。a项多一个of；c项the number of指“的数量”，与题意不符；d项不能修饰复数名词pictures. 【答 案】 b 2.(典型例题) if you buy more than ten, they knock 20 pence off_. a. a price b. price c. the price d. prices 答案：c 3. (典型例题)-brad was janes brother!-_he reminded me so much of jane! 4. a. no doubt b. above all c. no wonder d. of course 答案：c 指导：选项a的意思是：毫无疑问，表示肯定；b的意思是：首先，最重要的是，表示重要性；c的意思是：难怪，表示恍然大悟；d的意思是：当然，当然可以，表示同意。4. (典型例题)chinese arts have won the_of a lot of people outside china. a. enjoyment b. appreciation c. entertainment d. reputation 答案：b 指导：enjoyment：满意，快乐；appreciation：欣赏、赏识；entertainment：娱乐；reputation：名声。5. (典型例题) in dealing with public relations, we should make every effort to prevent the_in personality. a. contact b. contrast c. connection d. conflict 答案：d 指导：本题考查词义的区别。contact：接触，contrast：对比，connection：联系，conflict；冲突。 题点经典类型题 1. (典型例题拟my _of this weekends activity is going out with some good friends. a. idea b. opinion c. mind d. thought 【答案】a2. (典型例题)the head office of the bank is in beijing but it has all over the country. a. companies b. branches c. organizations d. businesses 答案：b 指导：branch这里是分支，分行的意思，a项“公司”c项“组织”和d项“商业”的不合题意。 3. (典型例题)i am sure david will be able to find the library he has a pretty good_of direction. a. idea b. feeling c. experience d. sense 答案：d have a sense of有的感觉(能力)”。 4. (典型例题拟)bill was doing a lot of physical exercise to build up his_.a. ability b. force c. strength d. mind 答案：c 指导：ability侧重指“能力”；force侧重指“打击力，爆炸力，武力”，strength侧重体力；mind指“脑力，智力”。显然，c项与前面的physical，exercise最为搭配。 新高考命题探究 1.-do you think shes going to leave?_the had crossed my mind. a. matter b. hope c. desire d. thought 答案：d 2. she is in a poor_ of health, which worries her mother much. a. position b. situation c. state d. condition 答案c 指导：据题意in a state为状态，指身体状态。 3. how did you like the_of the interpreter( 口译员)at the chinese fm press conference of 6-party talks on tv? a. performance b. achievement c. material d. words 答案：a 4. mr. barrette doesnt think that all bad language should be allowed. in his opinion, there are_that should be kept up. a. degrees b. levels c. limits d. standards 答案d 命题点2 名词的所有格及名词作定语 本类考题解答锦囊 英语名词的所有格表示所属关系，它分s所有格和of所有格两种形式。名词还可以作另外一个名词的定语。在做此类题时要注意以下几点：1.所有格的含义 (1)表示所属：toms car汤姆的小车 (2) 表示类别：a womens college女子学院 (3) 表示动作的执行者或承受者： the teachers praise老师的表扬 childrens education儿童教育 2.双重所有格 双重所有格构成有(1)名词+of+名词所有格。如：a friend of my fathers(2)名词+of+名词性物主代词。如：some friends of mine.它表示部分概念，。of短语修饰的名词前通常有表示数词的限定词a，an，one，two，some，several,a few,many,any,no等。如：some friends of my brothers will come to join us我哥哥的几个朋友将和我们一起去 3.名词作定语 一个名词作另外一个名词的定语，如a coffee cup(不能说a coffees cup)，a shoe shop(不可说a shoes shop或a shoes shop) .高考最新热门题 1.(典型例题) the village is far away from here indeed. its_walk. a. a four hour b. a four hours c. a four-hours d. a four hours 命题目的与解题技巧:该题考查名词所有格作定语。【解 析】冠词、数词、量词和连用有两种形式：一种是：a+数词+量词的名词所有格+名词，如果数词大于“1”，量词要用复数形式。如 a four miles journey: 另一种是：a four-mile .所以答案为d. 2. (典型例题季卷) it took us quite a long time to get there, it was_ journey. a. three-hour b. a three hour c. a three-hour d. three hours 答案：c 指导：journey为可数名词。复合形容词的构成中hour 应为单数形式，所以选c同义词组还有three hours的表示方法。注意这种合成形容词只作主语。 3. (典型例题)the_ is just around the corner and you wont miss it. a. bicycles shop b. bicycle shop c. bicycles shop d. bicycles shop 答案：b .本题考查名词作定语。4. (典型例题)the little girl asked her mother to buy her a nice pair of_, so her mother went to some _stores. a. shoes; shoes b. shoes; shoe c. shoe; shoes d. shoe;shoe 答案：b 指导：由于受some的影响，容易误选a。本题主要考查名词作定语的用法。名词作定语需用单数形式。如：radio programs电台节目，computer shops电脑店，girl friends女朋友。 题点经典类型题 1. (典型例题测)if you are not yet_,you are forbidden to visit this site. a. eighteen years b. at age of eighteen c. eighteen-year-old d. eighteen years of age 命题目的与解题技巧:本题考查名词作主语。【解 析】注意年龄的几种表示:at the age of eighteen, eighteen years old, eighteen years of age, 而 eighteen-year-old 为合成定语形容词。【答 案】 d 2. (典型例题测)his behavior at the party last night seemed rather_. many of us were quite surprised. a. out of practice b. out of place c. out of politeness d. out of pity 答案：b 指导：out of place未在应该的位置，不适当：out of practice(变得)荒疏：out of pity出于同情；out of politeness出于礼貌。 3(典型例题评)peasants earn their living by selling agriculture_in china. a. cost b. food c. products d. production 答案：c 指导：卖农产品 4.(典型例题中)is there a _for rising prices? a. way b. cure c. medicine d. method 答案：b指导：a cure for rising price克服物价上涨的对策。 5.(典型例题联)life is tough in the city. in order to lose their_, some people drink alcohol. a. temper b. mood c. pressures d. consciousness 答案：c 指导:人们喝酒是为了排解心中的压力。 新高考命题探究 1. its bad for a man to smoke in the public places where smoking is not allowed. a. behavior b. action c. manner d. movement 答案：a .c项manner如表礼貌应为manners 2.the chinese are looking forward to the first _to land on the moon after yang liweis successful trip to space. a. measure b. attempt c. purpose d. desire 答案：b 。3. he had a good _of the examination result when he saw his daughters face. a. report b. thought c. idea d. news 答案：c 4.the headmaster has got a good education_ so the school is doing well. a. thought b. thinking c. idea d. sense 答案：d 指导：关于教育的感觉(敏感性)。 探究性命题综合测试 考场热身 1. -what do you thind of the tv playthe meteor garden? -i take no interest in it. one of the reasons in that such a life is out of our_. a. mind b. point c. reach d. sight 答案：c 指导：out ofonesmind意思是：忘记，想不起，精神错乱；out of ones point无此搭配；out of ones reach表示：无法达到的，力所不能及的，无法理解的；out of(ones)sight意为：看不见，在视野之外。 2.-who did you spend ast weekend with? -_. a. palmers b. the palmer c. the palmers d. the palmer 答案：c 指导：回答上文的who，所以不用所有格形式。the palmers是the加姓氏的复数形式，表示该姓氏全家或夫妇俩。 3.lf you dont take away all your things from the desk,there wont be enough _for my stationery. a. area b. place c. room d. surface 答案：c 指导：room此处是不可数名词“空间”，area区域，place