高考英语总复习 语法先行 虚拟语气预习学案（含解析）(1).doc

虚拟语气 （subjunctive mood） 【学习目标】虚拟语气在高考中的考点【复习任务】 1.学习重点：虚拟语气在if引导的条件句中和在表示建议，要求和命令等词引导的宾语从句中的用法。 2.学习难点：虚拟语气在含蓄条件句和错综条件句中的用法，wish和as if句中的虚拟语气。 【问题导学】一在条件句中的用法 （一）、1. 对现在情况的猜测：if +主语+were , 主语+should could +v 原 v.ed would mightthe platform would collapse, if all of you stood on it.if he were alive, how happy he would be to see the great achievement of new china. 2.对过去情况的假设, if 主语+had+p.p, 主+should would+have+p.p could mightif i had not studied hard, i would have failed in the exam. 3.对将来情况的假设，表示将实现可能性不大的情况,if + 主+should+v原， 主+should would+v原 were to could might if you should miss the film tonight, you would feel sorry for it.if i were to go to the moon some day, i could see the surface of the moon with my own eyes.（二）、if only和suppose (supposing)引导的虚拟语气if only i had more money, i could buy a car.supposing it were fine tomorrow, would you go swimming with us?suppose we started tomorrow. 咱们明天动身吧（建议）（三）、if it (be) not for要不是., 相当于but for和withoutif it had not been for your help, we would not have achieved so much in my work.if it were not for the leadership of the party, we could not be living a happy life today. （四）、省略if连词，在正式文体中，有时可把虚拟条件句中的连词if省去，将had,were,should提前had the doctor been available, the child would have been saved.（五）、含蓄条件without, but for引起的短语, but that引起的句子,或由连词but副词otherwise以及比较级等表示的上下文中without electricity, there would be no modern industry.but for your cooperation, we could not have succeeded in our experiment.but that she had been afraid, she would have not lied. 要不是害怕的话，她就不会撒谎了 比较: i would be most glad(非常愿意) to help you, but i am busy now a more careful person would not have made so many mistakes. 要仔细一点就不会犯这样的错了 he works hard every day, otherwise he could not finish so much homework.（六）、错综条件句：主句和从句的动作不是同时发生if i were you, i would have taken his advice.if he had listened to me, he would not be in such trouble now.二、表示要求、建议、命令等从句，其形式是 主语+should(可省略)+v原（一）、用在宾语从句中 he insisted that john (should) do the job.we suggested that the meeting should not be postponed.动词demand, command, prefer, propose, order, urge, require, request, advise, recommend，desire等注意：insist (1)坚持应该 用虚拟语气 （2）坚持一个事实，用真实语气 suggest(1)建议 用虚拟语气 （2）暗示 用真实语气（二）、用在主语从句中，其结构it is +adj/p.p+主语从句（虚拟语气） it is necessary that you should be present at discussion. 你有必要参加讨论 it was ordered that the medicine should be sent here by plane. 根据命令it is imperative that you should arrive there in time.adj有：essential必要的，desired希望的，imperative迫切的，urgent紧迫的，natural自然的，ordered命令的，desirable理想的，required要求的，demanded要求的，suggested建议的，advisable合理的，preferable更好的, necessary, importantit is +p.p+主语从句， 实际上是动词+宾语从句的被动语态形式 they required that the crops should be harvested at once = it was required that the crops should be harvested at once.（三）、用在表语从句或同位语从句中the suggestion that he be invited was rejected.their demand is that their wages be increased by 20%.n有：advice, command, demand, desire, order, proposal, preference, insistence, suggestion, recommendation, request, requirement注意：the doctor recommended that i should give up smoking. it is recommended by the doctor that i should give up smoking. the doctors recommendation is that i should give up smoking. the doctorrecommendation that i should give up smoking is right.三、虚拟语气在wish从句中的应用与谓语同时的情况: that+主语+v 的过去式表示先于的情况: wish that +主语+had+p.p表示将来的愿望: that 主语+would could等 +v原型 i wish i were as young as you. (同时)how they wished it were not raining then (同时)i wish that he had not made so much mistakes in the exam.（先时）i wish that the rain would stop.（后时）四、虚拟语气在would rather,would as soon, would sooner, would prefer等结构中， 表示希望或婉转的责备，其形式：现在，将来用过去时， 过去用过去完成时id rather you posted the letter right away.i would just as soon as you had returned the book yesterday.i would prefer he didnt stay there too long.would rather +have+p.p 表对过去情况的感叹i would rather have bought that book. 我要是买了那本书就好了。she would rather not have gone to the party. 她觉得真不该去参加那个晚会。五、虚拟语气在it is (about, high) time +从句中的应用，表示找该做而未做的事，并含有建议的意味，其形式多用过去式it is high time that we began to work. 咱们该开始工作了。it is about time that children went to school. 孩子们该上学了。六、as if (though)引起的方式状语从句和表语从句，其动词形式与wish+宾语从句中形式相同she loves the children in the kindergarten as if they were her own.（现在）alan talked about rome as if he had been there.（过去）she looks as if she would cry.（将来） 陈述语气: it looks as if it is going to rain（可能性大）七、in case中用或for fear that以防，以免+should（一般不省略）+v原he took his raincoat with him in case it should rain.she put a blanket over the baby for fear that he should catch cold.当堂检测：1. . -the weather has been very hot and dry. -yes. if it had rained even a drop, things would be much better now! and my vegetables . a. wouldnt die b. didnt die c. hadnt died d. wouldnt have died 2 . george is going to talk about the geography of his country, but id rather he_ more on its culture. a. focus b. focused c. would focus d. had focused 3 . - john went to the hospital alone. - if he _ me about it, i would have gone with him. a. should tell b. tells c. told d. had told 4. had i known about this computer program, a huge amount of time and energy _. . a. would have been saved b. had been saved c. will be saved d.was saved 5. they_ have arrived at lunchtime but their flight was delayed. a. will b.can c.must d.should 6. where are the children? the dinners going to be completely ruined. i wish they always late. a. werent b. hadnt been c. wouldnt be d. wouldnt have been 7. maybe if i _ science, and not literature then, i would be able to give you more help. a. studied b. would study c. had studied d. was studying 8. i _ sooner but i didnt know that they were waiting for me. a. had come b. was coming c. would come d. would have come 9. pity you missed the lecture on nuclear pollution. i _ it, but i was busy preparing for a job interview. a.attended b.had attended c.would attend d.would have attended 10.i_ through that bitter period without your generous help. a. couldnt have gone b. didnt go c. wouldnt go d. hadnt gone 12. we _johns name on the race list yesterday but for his recent injury. a.will put b. will have put c. would put d. would have put 13. . we lost our way in that small village, otherwise we _ more places of interest yesterday. a. visited b. had visited c. would visit d. would have visited 14. if my car _ more reliable, i would have driven to lhasa instead of flying last summer. a. was b. had been c. should be d. would be 15. if we _ adequate preparations, the conference wouldnt have been so successful. a. havent made b