高考英语总复习 语法先行 形容词预习学案1（含解析）(1).doc

第三章 形容词和副词 (1)【学习目标】 形容词和副词在高考中的考点【复习任务】 1.学习重点： 形容词和副词的各个考点 2.学习难点： 第1讲的考点2，考点4和第2讲考点4.【问题导学】 第1讲 形容词和副词的选用 考点1. 根据所作的句子成分选用形容词和副词 修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子用副词并作状语；作定语、表语和补语时一般用形容词。 可简单归结为：形作“定表补”；副修“副句形动”(可谐音记为“付诸行动”)，常做状语。 常见的使用形容词的情况：作表语、定语、补语。 he is a careful boy.（作定语，用形容词） he is careful.（作表语，用形容词） you must keep your eyes closed. （作宾语补足语，用形容词）。常见的使用副词的情况：修饰动词、形容词、副词和整个句子。 he writes carefully. he walks slowly. (认真地写，慢慢地走，修饰动词用副词) this material is environmentally friendly. （修饰形容词用副词） he runs very slowly. （修饰副词slowly, 因此very是副词） unfortunately, he lost all of his money. （修饰整个句子用副词） 考点2. 形容词也作状语，但表示主语所处的状态 1. 【2013上海】the judges gave no hint of what they thought, so i left the room really _. a. to be worried b. to worry c. having worried d. worried 2. the old hostess stood _ for a moment when she saw a beggar appear before her suddenly. a. surprising b. surprised c. surprisedly d. to surprise 3. 【2008北京】 after the long journey, the three of them went back home, _. a. hungry and tiredly b. hungry and tired c. hungrily and tiredly d. hungrily and tired 4. 【2009浙江】_ and short of breath, andy and ruby were the first to reach the top of mount tai. a. to be tried b. tired c. tiring d. being tired 考点3. 以-ly结尾的未必都是副词 下列单词以-ly结尾，但却是形容词而非副词： lively, lonely, lovely, deadly, friendly, ugly, silly, likely, brotherly, timely等。 考点4. 下列几组词，词尾有无-ly都可作副词 一些副词有副词原形和以-ly结尾两种形式。大多数情况下，不以-ly结尾表“具体”，以-ly结尾表“抽象”。 1. close与closely close意思是“近”; closely 意思是“仔细地，密切地”。如： he is sitting close to me. watch him closely. 2. late 与lately late意思是“晚”；lately意思是“最近”。如：3. what have you been doing lately? 3. deep与deeply deep意思是“深”，表示空间深度；deeply时常表示感情上的深度，“深深地”。如： he pushed the stick deep into the mud. even father was deeply moved by the film. 4. high与highly high表示空间高度；highly表示程度，相当于much。如： the plane was flying high. i think highly of your opinion. 5. wide与widely wide表示空间宽度；widely意思是“广泛地”,“在许多地方”。如： he opened the door wide. english is widely used in the world.6. free与freely free的意思是“免费的”；freely 的意思是“无限制地”。如： you can eat free in my restaurant whenever you like. you may speak freely; say what you like. 5. 【2002北京】it was raining heavily. little mary felt cold, so she stood _ to her mother. a. close b. closely c. closed d. closing6. hold the book _ please, for i cant see the words in it clearly. a. more closer b. more closely c. closely d. closer 7. although he was disabled when he was only ten years of age, yet he aimed _, for which his classmates spoke _ of him. a. high; high b. highly; highly c. highly; high d. high; highly 第2讲 -ed形容词与-ing形容词 -ed形容词，通常说明人，意为“（某人）感到”；-ing形容词通常说明事物，意为“（某事物）令人”或“令人的（事物）”。 he has a frightened look on his face. 他脸上带有惊恐的神情。（他感到恐惧） he has a frightening look on his face. 他脸上带着令人恐惧的神情。 excite 使人兴奋 excited 感到兴奋的 exciting 令人兴奋的 surprise 使吃惊 surprised 感到吃惊的 surprising令人吃惊的 amaze使惊奇 amazed 感到惊奇的 amazing令人惊奇的 embarrass使窘迫 embarrassed感到窘迫的 embarrassing令人窘迫的 frustrate使沮丧 frustrated 感到沮丧的 frustrating令人沮丧的 interest使感兴趣 interested 感到有兴趣的 interesting令人感兴趣的 thrill使兴奋 thrilled感到兴奋的 thrilling令人兴奋的 terrify使恐惧 terrified感到恐惧的 terrifying令人恐惧的 please使高兴 pleased 感到高兴的 pleasing令人高兴的 satisfy使满意 satisfied感到满意的 satisfying令人满意的 frighten使害怕 frightened 感到害怕的 frightening令人害怕的 tire使疲倦 tired 感到疲倦的 tiring 令人疲倦的 bore使厌烦 bored 感到厌烦的 boring令人厌烦的 relax使放松 relaxed 感到放松的 relaxing令人放松的 fascinate使神魂颠倒fascinated感到神魂颠倒的 fascinating令人神魂颠倒的 annoy使恼怒 annoyed感到恼怒的 annoying令人恼怒的 move使感动 moved 感到感动的 moving令人感动的 worry使忧虑 worried 感到忧虑的 worrying令人忧虑的 confuse使困惑 confused 感到困惑的 confusing令人困惑的 touch使感动 touched感到感动的 touching令人感动的 disappoint使失望 disappointed感到失望的 disappointing令人失望的 shock使震惊 shocked感到震惊的 shocking令人震惊的 puzzle使迷惑 puzzled感到迷惑的 puzzling令人迷惑的 单项选择。 第3讲 其他相关考点 考点1. 副词按意义分类 方式副词 suddenly突然地 rapidly迅速地 warmly热烈地 successfully成功地 quickly很快地 地点、方向副词 here 这里 there 那里 outside 在外边 away 远离 straight径直地 upstairs上楼 时间副词 now 现在 then 当时 soon 不久 tomorrow在明天 yesterday在昨天 频度副词（又称：频率副词） always 总是 usually 通常 frequently频繁地 often 经常 sometimes有时 seldom 很少 程度副词 very 非常 quite 十分 too太 pretty 相当 rather稍微 extremely极端地 almost几乎 考点2. 静态形容词和动态形容词 静态形容词：描绘的是人或物在静态下表现出 的特征，如tall, big, deep, ugly, beautiful等。大多 数形容词都是静态的。 动态形容词：描绘的是人或物通过行为活动才能表现出来的特征。如： adorable, calm, cheerful, generous, gentle, loyal, nice, noisy, playful, reasonable, rude, shy, slow等。 动态形容词可用于进行时，而静态形容词不可 以。如：she is being nice to me.她现在对我很好。但不可说：she is being tall. 动态形容词可用于以动be词开头的祈使句，而 静态形容词不可以。例如可以说：be patient! be careful! 不可以说：be tall! 动态形容词可用于使役结构,而静态形容词不可 以。例如可以说： i persuaded her to be generous.不可以说： i persuaded her to be pretty. 1. 【2011全国i】i wasnt sure if he was really interested or if he _ polite. a. was just being b. will just be c. had just been d. would just be 考点3. too, so, how, that, as 形容词a/an名词 看下列几个短语： a good boy so good a boy a hot day too hot a day a tall tree that tall a tree a beautiful flower how beautiful a flower a good gift as good a gift 可以看出：单个形容词修饰名词，冠词放在形容词的前面；如果形容词被so, too, that, how, as等词修饰时，冠词则放在形容词后面。 要掌握下面的同义转换：the boy is so good.= he is so good a boy. what a good boy he is！=how good a boy he is! =i have never seen that good a boy. he is as good as his brother. =he is as good a boy as his brother. the boy is too short to be a basketball player. =he is too short a boy to be a basketball player. 2. alice was _ girl to express herself. a. a much too shy b. too much shy a c. so shy a d. much too shy a 3. im afraid ill turn to prof. timlingson. it is _. a. too difficult a problem b. a too difficult problem c. so difficult problem d. a so difficult problem 4. 【1992上海】 _ box cannot be lifted by a boy of five. a. so a heavy b. so heavy a c. a such heavy d. such heavy 5. 【2003北京】our neighbor has _ ours. a. as a big house as b. as big a house as c. the same big house as d. a house the same big as 6. 【2012四川】 i make $2,000 a week; 60 surely wont make _ difference to me. a. that a big b. a that big c. big a that d. that big a 7. it is generally believed that teaching is _ it is a science. a. an art much as b. much an art as c. as an art much as d. as much an art as 8. 【1995全国】can you believe that in _ a rich country there should be _ many poor people? a. such; such b. such; so c. so; so d. so; such 9. 【1998上海】 it is _ work of art that everyone wants to have a look at it. a. so unusual b. such unusual c. such an unusual d. so an unusual 10. 【2009上海】the great wall is _ tourist attraction that millions of people pour in every year. a. so a well-known b. a so well-known c. such well-known a d. such a well-known 考点4. 形容词顺序 几个并列的形容词作定语，其语序通常为：限定语（the, a, this）+数量词（two）+ 描绘性形容词(beautiful, good, strong) + size（大、小big）+ shape（形状round）+ age（年龄、时间new, young）+ color（颜色）+ origin（国籍、来源）+ material（材料）+ purpose（用途目的）+ 名词。如： a heavy black chinese steel umbrella; the mans first two interesting little red french oil paintings。 可以按这种方法记忆：限数描，形（大小形状）龄色，国材用。 可以谐音为: 献树苗，形龄色，我才用。（你向我献树苗，我要先看一下树苗的大小形状树龄和颜色，然后再决定我用还是不用。“形”，先“大小”后“形状”。） 也可以按下面的方法记： 限定 描述 大长高，形状 年龄与新老； 限数 描 （大小） 形 龄 颜色 国籍 出材料，用途 类别往后靠。 色 国 材 用 11. he likes going fishing. he usually uses a _. a. bamboo long fishing pole b. long bamboo fishing pole c. pole long bamboo and fishing d. bamboo fishing long pole 12. 【1995全国】how was your recent visit to qingdao? it was great. we visited some friends, and spent the _ days at the seaside. a. few last sunny b. las