湖南省衡南县第九中学高二英语《Unit2 Sporting eventsGrammar and usage》课件 牛津版必修4.ppt

grammarandusage unit2sportingevents modalverbs 情态动词没有人称和数的变化 有词义 但是不完整 不能单独做谓语 必须和不带to的动词不定式连用 ability certainty permission obligation makerequests makesuggestions makeoffers giveadvice 能力 义务 责任 确定 允许 提出请求 提出建议 提供帮忙 提出忠告 modalverbs generalintroduction 1 hecanrunthe100msprintin11seconds 2 thislittlegirlreadbeforeshegoestotheprimaryschool ability can表示可能性时 指的是理论上的可能 它通常不用来表示某事实际发生的可能性或真实性 如 accidentscanhappen anybodycanmakemistakes can beableto can can beableto ability 在过去时态的肯定句中需要某种条件或努力做成某事 我们要用was wereableto而不能用could 如 itwasaholidayandthechildrenwereabletogototheseaside thegirlworkedhardsoshe passthefinaltest i msorryihaven tbeenabletoplaytenniswithyourecently wasableto obligation oughtto should oughtto与should意思接近 大多数情况下二者可以互换 但是should谈的是自己的主观看法 用于各种人称 oughtto则更多反映客观情况 在谈到法律 义务和规定时使用 如 weshould oughttohelpeachotherandlearnfromeachotherinourwork you 不应该 spendsomuchtimeplaying sheisyourmother soyououghttosupporther oughthetogo yes ithinkhe shouldn t ought to haveto must obligation must与haveto都可以表示 必须 的意思 但要注意以下两点区别 1 must只有现在时 而haveto有现在时 过去时和将来时 如 wemustworkhard orwe llfailintheexamination twoyearsago thepoorgirl leaveschoolforlackofmoney hadto 2 must表示主观看法 haveto则侧重于客观需要 如 wemustbestrictwithourselvesineverything incitieswithmanycars somepeoplehavetowearmasks obligation haveto must shemightwinamedalattheolympics shemaybeathomenow shecouldreadandwriteattheageof4 sheshouldcometojoinus sheoughtto will musthelpmewheneveriamintrouble certainty might may could should oughtto will must veryuncertainty almostcertainty can could may might could比can更委婉 might比may更委婉 caniwatchtheolympics yes youcan no youcan t mayiwatchtvafterfinishingmyhomework yes youmay no youmustn t no youmaynot no you dbetternot permission informal spoken formal written will can could wouldyouhelpmewithmytraining yes iwill can can will will can could would makerequests informal formal makesuggestions shall常用于第一 三人称 表示征求对方意见 shallwe i he she theydosomeexercisethismorning yes shallhecomein ok makeoffers i llwashyoursportsjacket igetaticketforyou wecarrythebooksforyou shallicleantheblackboardforyou giveadvice you eatalotbeforeswimming thestudentsshouldspendalltheirtimeworkingattheirlessons may shall shouldnot oughtnotto 和其他时态的连用 theboysmaybeplayingfootballontheplayground theboysmayhavefinishedtheirhomeworkbythetimeschoolisover heplaysbasketballverywell hemusthavepracticeditalot ourheadmastermusthavebeentousa forheknowsthecountrysomuch shall可以用来征求对方意见 用于第一 三人称 此外它也可以用来表示说话人的命令 警告 允诺 威胁或决心等 这时它用于第二 三人称 如 shallshegototheconcertwithusthisevening 征求意见 youshallgotothefrontatonce 命令 don tworry youshallgettheanswerthisveryafternoon 允诺 heshallbesorryoneday itellyou 警告 nothingshallstopusfromfightingagainstpollution 决心 shall will will在肯定句中表示意愿或决心时 是可以用于条件状语从句的 在疑问句中用于第二 三人称表示意愿 如 willyougohikingwithmeinthemountain willhepayforme ifyouwilllistentome i llgiveyousomeadviceonhowtolearnenglish ifyouwillcomethisway themanagerwillmeetyou shall will mustn t needn t mustn t解释为 语气强烈 needn t 语气缓和 youmustn tplayonthestreet youneedn twatchthegameifyoudon twantto mustwecleantheclassroom yes youmust no youneedn t 不准 不许 不需要 没必要 need 作为情态动词时 常用于疑问句和否定句 needihelpyou yes please youneedn ttelephonehimnow musthavedone的反意疑问句 youmusthaveseenthefilm haven tyou youmusthaveseenthefilmlastweek didn tyou hisparentsmusthavebeatenhim haven tthey hisparentsmusthavebeatenhimyesterday didn tthey haveatry aleft luggageofficeisaplacewherebags beleftforashorttime especiallyatarailwaystation a shouldb canc mustd will b 2 how yousaythatyoureallyunderstandthewholestoryifyouhavecoveredonlypartofthearticle a canb mustc needd may a 3 theroomissodirty wecleanit ofcourse a willb shallc wouldd do b 4 myenglish chinesedictionaryhasdisappeared who havetakenit a shouldb mustc couldd would c 5 ihearyou vegotasetofvaluableaustraliancoins ihavealook yes certainly a dob mayc shalld should b 6 iwasreallyanxiousaboutyou you homewithoutaword a mustn tleaveb shouldn thaveleftc couldn thaveleftd needn tleave b 7 areyoucomingtojeff sparty i mnotsure i gototheconcertinstead a mustb wouldc shouldd might d 8 sorry i mlate i haveturnedoffthealarmclockandgonebacktosleepagain a mightb shouldc cand will a 9 whencanicomeforthephotos ineedthemtomorrowafternoon they bereadyby12 00 a canb shouldc mightd need b 10 thefirespreadthroughthehotelveryquicklybuteveryone