虚拟语气高考真题.doc

MODULE 5 第三课时 虚拟语气讲解 一、语气的分类语气 (mood)是一种动词形式，用以表示说话者的意图或态度。英语中的语气有三种：陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。(1) 陈述语气(indicative mood),表示所说的话是事实。(2) 祈使语气 (imperative mood),表示所说的话是请求或命令。(3) 虚拟语气(subjunctive mood),表示说的话不是事实，或者是不可能发生的情况，而是一种愿望、建议或与事实相反的假设等。二、虚拟语气在条件句中的应用 学习虚拟语气在条件句中的用法之前我们必须清楚条件句的种类：条件句有真实条件句与非真实条件句(或称虚拟条件句)两种。真实条件句所表示的假设是可能发生或实现的，句中的从句与主句都用陈述语气。例如：If it doesnt rain tomorrow, I will go for a picnic. 虚拟条件句所表示的假设则是不可能或不大可能发生或实现的，句中的从句与主句皆须用虚拟语气。从句主句与现在事实相反的假设If+主语+动词过去式（be的过去式用were）主语+should /would/might/could动词原形与过去事实相反的假设If+主语+had+过去分词主语+ should /would/might/could + have 过去分词 与将来事实相反的假设If+主语+动词过去式（be的过去式用were）； should动词原形；were to动词原形主语+ should /would/might/could +动词原形1. 与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句的例句：(1) If I had HIV, I would know because I would feel sick.(2) If I were you, I would give AIDS patient a hug.2. 与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句的例句：(3) If I had taken your advice, I wouldnt have made a mistake.(4) If he had been there, it wouldnt have happened.3. 与将来事实可能相反的虚拟条件句的例句：(5) If it should rain tomorrow, they wouldnt go for an outing.(6) I think we could do it, if we planned it properly and could borrow the tools.(7) If we were to have three days off, we would enjoy a very happy life.三、if虚拟条件句型注意点：(1) 错综时间条件句当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句所表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，称为“错综时间条件句”，主句和从句的谓语动词要依照假设的时间而定。If the weather had been finer, the crops would be growing still better.If you had followed the teachers advice, you wouldnt be in trouble.如果虚拟条件句的谓语部分有were，had和should时，可省略if，这是应把were，had和should放到从句主语前面去进行倒装。 If I were you, I would give it up.Were I you, I would give it up. If it were not for your advice, we couldnt have got over the difficulties.Were it not for your advice, we couldnt have got over the difficulties. If I had had time, I would have run round that lake again.Had I had time, I would have run round that lake again. If there should be a flood, what should we do?Should there be a flood, what should we do?现在：过去时（were）过去：过去完成时将来：过去将来时，即：would /could /might + V. 四、虚拟语气特殊句型：1. Wish的 宾语从句(1) I wish I were a bird.（现在）(2) I wish I hadnt made such a mistake.（过去）(3) We wish our parents wouldnt punish us. （将来）现在：过去时过去：过去完成时将来：过去时2. Would rather +Clause(1) I would rather you paid me now.(2) I would rather you had gone, too.(3) Dont come. I would rather you came tomorrow.现在：过去时过去：过去完成时将来：过去将来时3. as if /though + Clause (1) She loves the baby as if it were her own son.(2) I remember the whole thing as if it had happened yesterday.(3) He learns English so hard as if he would go to the U.S.A. 注意：如果表示的事情可能会发生或是事实，那么方式状语从句中的谓语动词可用陈述语气。例如： It looks as if it is going to rain.过去时should +V.4. Its (about/high) time +that(1) 你该走了Its high time that you went.Its high time that you should go.(2) 我们该去睡了Its time that we went to bed.Its time that we should go to bed. 5. 表示要求，命令，建议的虚拟语气常见动词： 一个坚持，两个命令，四个建议，四个要求。即: insist order, command advise, suggest, propose,recommenddemand , require, request, desire 这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气用法。即从句中的动词要使用should + 动词原形，或者将should省略。(1) We suggested that Tom have a rest.(2) He insisted that I (should)be present.(3) The king ordered that the prisoners be killed the next day.(4) They requested that we (should) send them to work there. 【注意】若suggest作“表明，暗示”将时不用虚拟语气；insist表示“坚持认为”讲，也不用虚拟语气。例如：(1) His expression suggested he was angry.(2) He insisted that he had nothing to do with it. 以上动词相应的名词order, advice, suggestion, proposal, demand, request构成的名词性从句包括主语从句，表语从句和同位语也要使用虚拟语气。即从句中的动词要使用(should )+ 动词原形。6. 用介词短语代替条件状语从句。常用的介词有：with、without和but for。(1) What would you do with a million dollars? (= if you had a million dollars )(2) But for your help, I wouldnt have finished the work.(= if I hadnt got your help)(3) Without your help, I would have failed.(=if it had not been for your help)7. 含蓄条件句 有时为了表达的需要，在虚拟语气中并不总是出现if引导的条件句，而通过其他手段来代替条件句。如：(1) I was ill that day. Otherwise, I would have taken part in the sports meet. (2) He telephoned to inform me of your birthday, or I would have known nothing about it. (3) I might have given you more help, but I was too busy.(4) Everything taken into consideration, they would have raised their output quickly.7. If only 要是就好了 (1) If only I knew his name!(2) If only we had followed your advice!(3) If only I could see him again!8. Its necessary /strange/ natural/ important + that Clause 从句中的动词要用虚拟，即（should）+动词原形(1) It is important that we (should) master a foreign language.(2) It is strange that she refuse to come to the party.(3) Its necessary that we (should) study hard.六、习题 1If he had not missed the train, he_by then. Amight get Bmight have got Cgot Dhad got 2If I _ out of my ink, I would have finished writing the paper. Adidnt run Bshouldnt run Chavent run Dhadnt run 3If I _ you，I wouldnt return the call Abe Bam Cwas Dwere4 _ today，he would get there by Friday AWould he leave BWas he leaving CWere he to leave DIf he leaves5Without your help，we _ so much Awill not achieve Bdidnt achieve Cdont achieve Dwould not have achieved 6If he _ the storekeepers scissors, he would have forgotten to buy a pair Awould not seenBhad not seen Chad seen Dhas seen7But for water，it _ impossible to live in the desert Ais Bwas Cwere Dwouldnt be8_ it_ for your help，I couldnt have made any progress AHad；not been BShould；not been CDid；not been DNot；be9If only I _ my car！ Ahadnt lost Bwould not lose Cdidnt loseDhavent lost10_ I be free tomorrow，I could go with you ACould BShould CMight DMust11. The two students talked as if they _ friends for years.A. should be B. would be C. have been D. had been12. _ the fog, we should have reached our school.A. Because of B. In spite of C. In case of D. But for13. Mike can take his car apart and put it back together again. I certainly wish he_ me how.A. teaches B. will teach C. has taught D. would teach14. I would have told him the answer, had it been possible, but I _ so busy then.A. had been B. were C. was D. would be15. You look so tired tonight. It is time you _.A. go to sleep B. went to sleep C. go to bed D. went to bed16. Had I known her name, _A. or does she know mine? B. and where does she live?C. she would be beautiful.D. I would have invited her to lunch.17. He has just arrived, but he talks as if he _ all about that.A. know B. knows C.had known D. knew18. He was very busy yesterday; otherwise, he _ to the meeting.A. would come B. came C. would have come D. will come19. I wish that you _ such a bad headache because Im sure that you would have enjoyed the concert.A. hadnt B. didnt have had C. hadnt had D. hadnt have20. Helen couldnt go to France after all. Thats too bad. Im sure she would have enjoyed it if _.A. shes gone B. shell go C. shed gone D. shed go21The job would require that _ at 7 oclock every morningAhe will be at the factory Bhe be at the factoryChe was at the factory Dhe has been at the factory22Your advice that she _ till next week is reasonableAwill wait Bis going to wait Cwaits Dwait23The housemaster was strictHe requested that we _ television on week nightsAnot watchBmust not to watchCnot be watching Dhave not watched24It is necessary that a worker _ his work on timeAaccomplishesBcan accomplish Caccomplish Dhas accomplished25It is important that he _ his decision before FridayAwill make Bmakes Cmake Dmust make26Id rather you _ anything about it for the time beingAdo Bdidnt do Cdont Ddidnt27_ it_ for your help，I couldnt have made any progressAHad；not been BShould；not beenCDid；not been DNot；be28My suggestion was that the meeting _ off till next weekAto put Bbe put Cshould put Dbe putting29It was strange that we _ short of water in the country where it was always raining. Aare Bbe Cshould be Dboth B and C 30He tried to find some excuse for the debt, but I insisted that he _ it off at once. Amust pay Bought to pay Cpaid Dpay 31Mr. Ford insisted that he _ right, though the others didnt think so. Ashould do Bshould have done Chad done Ddid 32His pale face suggested that he _ the sad news. Ashould be told Bshould have been told Cwas told Dhad been told 33He suggested that we _ here at once. Ashould leave Bmust leave Cleft Dought to leave 34My order is that everyone _ their own work in time. Amust complete BcompletedCcompletes Dcomplete 35Weve made the decision that we _ at the school gate at 7 tomorrow morning. Awill gather Bare about to gather Cwould gather Dshould gather MODULE 5 第四课时 Cloing and DNA （59）主备人：张彩虹 检测人：纪冬冬 审核人：刘俊青Goals: 1. Master the main ideas of the passage. 2. To remember the phases and language points.I. 【Cloing and DNA】课文短语呈现1. be identical to 与完全相同 2. by mistake 错误地 3. a sequence of 一系列的 4. be beneficial to 对有益 5. rely on 依靠；依赖 6. the fundamental components of life 生命的基本成分 7. an optional treatment 一种可选择的治疗方法8. under unknown psychological pressure 处于无形的压力之下9. be contradictory to 与相反/相互矛盾10. obtain a supply of stem cells 获得干细胞的供应11. recover from a disease 从疾病中恢复过来12. voluntary code of practice 自愿的行为规范13. restrict the biodiversity 限制生物多样性14. at a crime scene 在犯罪现场15. the latest research into DNA 对DNA的最新调查II. Language points1. Do you think cloning may be beneficial/ helpful to humans? 你认为克隆有益于人类吗？beneficial/helpful adj. 有益处的；有帮助的benefit v. 收益； n. 利益；好处benefit (vi.) from/by 从中受益for the benefit of 为了得利益be beneficial to =be of benefit to 对有好处Eg: (1) The sea air will benefit you. 海上的空气将对你有益。(2) You will benefit from experience. 你一定会从经验中获益。(3) The new credit card will be of great benefit to our customers.新的信用卡将会给我们的客户带来很多好处。(4) Rain is beneficial to soil.雨水对土壤有益。2. We could use cloning to cure illness. 我们能用克隆来治病。cure v. 治愈，消除，矫正 n. 治病；治疗法；痊愈curable adj. 可治愈的cure sb. (of sth.) 治愈某人（疾病）/改掉某人的恶习a cure for 的一种治疗法Eg: (1) This medicine will cure you of flu. 这种药会治好你的流感。(2) Nothin