高中英语必修二-课文详解Book-2-unit-3.doc

此文档收集于网络，如有侵权请联系网站删除必修二 Unit 3 Computers 电脑I. Vocabularyabacus n. 算盘calculate vt. 计算calculator n. 计算器laptop n. 手提电脑analytical adj. 分析的universal adj.普遍的；宇宙的simplify vt. 简化sum n. 总数；算术题；金额operator n.操作员；接线员logical adj. 合逻辑的；合情理的technology n.工艺；科技；技术technological adj. 科技的revolution n. 革命artificial adj. 人造的；假的intelligence n.智力；聪明；智能 intelligent adj.智能的；聪明的solve vt. 解决；解答mathematical adj.数学的fromon从时起reality n. 真实；事实；现实designer n. 设计师personal adj.私人的；个人的 personally就个人而言；亲自tube n.管；管子；电子管transistor n.晶体管chip n.碎片；芯片as a result 结果total adj. 总的；整个的 n. 总数；合计 totally adv.完全地；整个地sothat如此以致于network n.网络；网状物application n.应用；用途；申请finance n.金融；财经mobile n.可移动的；机动的rocket n. 火箭explore vt.& vi.探索；探测；探究anyhow adv.(=anyway)无论如何goal n. 目标；目的；球门；得分human race 人类download vt.下载virus n.病毒android n.机器人signal vi. & vt. 发信号 n.信号type n.类型 vt. & vi.打字in a way 在某种程度上arise vi.(arose,arisen)出现；发生with the help of sb.在sb.的帮助下electronic adj.电子的appearance n.外观；外貌；出现character n. 性格；特点mop n.拖把 vt.用拖把拖；擦deal with处理；安排；对付watch over看守；监视naughty adj.顽皮的；淘气的niece n.侄女；甥女spoil vt.损坏；宠坏IIReading WHO AM I? 我是谁？Over time I have been changed quite a lot.译文：随着时间的过去，我变化很大。【注释：over time随着时间的过去】 I began as a calculating machine in France in 1642.译文：1642年，我开始在法国作为一个计算机。 Although I was young, I could simplify difficult sums.译文：虽然我很年轻，但我却能将困难的算术简单化。【注释：simplify使(某事物)简单简明; 简化 eg. Try to simplify your explanation for the children.你给孩子们讲解要设法讲得简单明了。】 I developed very slowly and it took nearly two hundred years before I was built as an analytical machine by Charles Babbage.译文：我发展的很慢，几乎近两百年之后我才被查尔斯巴贝奇做成一个分析器。【注释：区别take, spend, cost, pay take常用于句型：It takes sb. some time to do sth. eg. 1) It took an hour for the car to come here.这辆汽车开了一小时才到达这里。 2) It took him three hours to finish the exercises.他完成这个练习用了三个小时。 spend常用于句型：sb. spends some time (in) doing sth. ;句型： sb. spends some money on sth. eg. 1) We spent 5 days finishing the job. 2) Kate always spends too much money on clothes. cost常用于句型： sth. costs sb. some time/energy. eg. 1) The work cost me a lot of time and effort.这本著作花费了我大量的时间和精力。 2) The best goods cost much money.好货价钱高。 pay常用于句型：sb. pays some money for sth. eg. I paid 5 dollars for the book yesterday.】 After I was programmed by an operator who used cards with holes, I could “think” logically and produce an answer quicker than any person.译文：当我被操作员用卡编程后，我就能够进行逻辑思维，得出比任何人都快的答案。【注释：who used cards with holes是定语从句，修饰限制先行词operator。】 At that time it was considered a technological revolution and the start of my “artificial intelligence”.译文：那时，这被认为是一场技术革命和人工智能的开始。【注释：at that time在那时。】 In 1936 my real father, Alan Turing, wrote a book about how I could be made to work as a “universal machine” to solve any difficult mathematical problem.译文：1936年，我真正的父亲艾伦图灵，写了一本书，有关如何让我作为通用机械来解决任何困难的数学问题。【注释：how I could be made problem.是名词从句，作介词about的宾语。universal machine通用机；通用机械；万能工作机械。】 From then on, I grew rapidly both in size and in brainpower. 译文：从那时起，我在大小和智能方面发展迅速。【注释：from then on从那时起。Eg. From then on, I wouldnt go to Japan any more.从那以后，我再也不愿到日本去啦。】By the 1940s I had grown as large as a room, and I wondered if I would grow any larger.译文：到20世纪40年代，我已经变得跟一间房子一样大，然后，我想知道我是否会变得更大。【注释：年代表示用in the 1940s； 某人几十几岁的表示用in ones thirties,后面的整数要用复数形式，如in ones twenties, in ones forties, in ones fifties。 试题： In _ , Marx began to learn Russian, when he was in _. A. 1860; the 50s B. the 1860; his 50s C. the 1860s; his fifties D. 1860s; his fifties 】 However, this reality also worried my designers.译文：然而，这种现状也让我的设计者担心。 As time went by, I was made smaller.译文：随着时间流逝，我被做的越来越小。【注释：as意为“随着”，引导时间状语从句。如： 1） As time went on, my knowledge broadened.随着时间的推移，我的知识变宽了。 2） As we grow older, we get wiser.随着年龄的增长，我们会变得越来越聪明。 辨析：as, with as是连词，引导时间状语从句。如： 1） As our life improves, we find more and more time entertaining.随着生活水平的提高，我们的娱乐时间越来越多。 with是介词，后接名词或代词，构成with短语或with复合结构。如： With the time going by, they became close friends.随着时间的流逝，他们变成了好朋友。 试题：1） I couldnt do my homework with all that noise _. A. going on B. goes on C. went on D. to go on2） _ children get older, they become more and more interested in the things around them. A. While B. When C. As D. With 】 First as a PC(personal computer) and then as a laptop, I have been used in offices and homes since the 1970s.译文：首先作为个人电脑，然后作为手提电脑，从二十世纪70年代起，我应用在办公室和家庭。These changes only became possible as my memory improved. 译文：我的记忆能量的提高，这些变化就会变得可能。First it was stored in tubes, then on transistors and later on very small chips.译文：首先是储存在电子管里，然后是晶体管里，再后就是存储在非常小的芯片里。 As a result, I totally changed my shape.译文：结果我完全改变了自己的形状。【注释：as a result结果，因此 eg. 1) He made a big mistake, and, as a result, lost his job.他犯了个大错误，结果丢了工作。 2) I was very busy. As a result, I couldnt take care of her.我非常忙，因此无法照料他。 比较： as a result, as a result of, result in, result from as a result“因此，结果”，是副词短语，常作状语，其前面常有一个表示原因的句子。如： We helped each other in studies, and as a result, we became good friends.我们在学习上互相帮助，因此我们成了好朋友。 as a result of “由于”，是介词短语，只能连接名词、代词、动名词及what宾语从句。 如： As a result of the car accident, Tom couldnt work any longer.由于车祸，汤姆不能再工作了。 result in相当于lead to,意为“结果为；导致”，主语时原因，宾语是结果。 如： His carelessness resulted in his failure.他的粗心导致他失败。 result from相当于lie in,意为“因为，源自”，主语是结果，宾语是原因。 如： His failure resulted from his carelessness. 试题： 1) (2009全II) Jenny nearly missed the flight _ doing too much shopping. A. as a result of B. on top of C. in front of D. in need of2) My friend Martin was very sick with a high fever; _ , he could neither eat nor sleep.A. as a result B. after all C. anyway D. otherwise】 As I have grown older I have also grown smaller.译文：随着年龄增长，我也变得越来越小。 Over time my memory has developed so much that, like an elephant, I never forget anything I have been told!译文：随着时间的过去，我的储存记忆能量已经发展的如此之大，像头大象，以至于永远不会忘记所告诉我的任何东西。【注释：so/such that引导结果状语从句，意为“如此以至于”。Sothat的基本句式：so + many/ few + 复数名词much/ little(少的) +不可数名词(1) so形容词(副词或分词)that从句 (2) so形容词a(an)单数名词that从句(3) so + that 例句：1) She was so excited that sht couldnt go to sleep她兴奋地睡不着觉。2) It was so hot a day that nobody wanted to do anything.天气如此热，谁也不想干活。(= It was such a hot day that nobody wanted to do anything.)3) Can you believe that such a little animal can eat so much food at a time?如此的小动物一次能吃那么多食物，你能相信吗？4) There are so many people in the street that I cant get through.街上有这么多人我过不去。5) There was so little water left that only little children were given some.剩下的水不多了，只给小孩分了一些。 eg. It was such fine weather that we had a picnic together.联想： eg. It was such a lovely day that we decided to go outing.conductor n. （公车）售票员；列车员； eg. They are such small shoes that I cant put them on. (2) 当so/ such放在句首时，主句要用部分倒装结构。eg.prevent . from 阻止；制止 So fast did the teacher speak that I couldnt follow him.(= The teacher spoke so fast that I couldnt follow him.)考题：1.(2009申) The Great Wall is _ tourist attraction that millions of people pour in every year. A. so a well-known B. a so well-known C. such well-known a D. such a well-knownUnit 5 * 2.(2009重) Peter was so excited _ he received an invitation from his friend to visit Chongqing.whisper n. 耳语；低语 A. where B. that C. why D. when 】 And my memory became so large that even I couldnt believe it!译文：我的记忆量变得如此之大，甚至连我都不能相信。 But I was always so lonely standing there by myself, until in early 1960s they gave me a family connected by a network.译文：可是我总是孤独地独自站在那里，直到二十世纪60年代，他们才把我的家族连接上网络。【注释：lonely adj. 孤独的, 寂寞的 eg. The lonely old man was much to be pitied by all of us.那位孤独的老人得到了我们大家的同情。 荒凉的, 人迹罕至的 eg. The place is a bit lonely.那个地方有点荒凉。standing there by myself是现在分词短语，作伴随状语。give me a family connected by让我的家族连接到网络。connected by.,过去分词短语作补语，与a family之间的逻辑关系是动宾关系。】 I was able to share my knowledge with others through the World Wide Web.译文：通过网络，我也能与别人分享我的知识。【注释：share sth. with sb.与某人分享某物。 Eg. 1) Children should learn to share.小孩应该学会与人分享东西。 2)Will you share my umbrella?你愿意和我共用这把伞吗?】与考古学有关的 (archeological)Since the 1970s many new applications have been found for me.译文：从二十世纪70年代起许多应用软件应用在我身上。 I have become very important in communication, finance and trade.译文：我在交流、金融和贸易方面变得非常重要。 I have also been put into robots and used to make mobile phones as well as help with medical operations.译文：已经把我应用于机器人、移动手机，以及用来帮助医疗手术。【注释：as well as 连词，意为“以及，连同，和;除了以外;又，也”，用来连接并列主语、谓语和宾语，当连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词在人称和数上要与as well as前面的主语保持一致。如： 1) The teacher as well as students likes to play football.老师和学生都喜欢踢足球。2) Im learning French as well as English.我学英语之外还学法语。3) Do you burn coal as well as wood on this fire?你是不是用煤也用木头 生这炉火? as well as还可以表示“和一样好”，在此结构中前一个as是副词，后一个as是连词，如：Tom plays basketball, if not better than, as well as John.】 I have even been put into space rockets and sent to explore the Moon and Mars.译文：我甚至被置入太空火箭，用来探索月球和火星。 Anyhow, my goal is to provide humans with a life of high quality.译文：不管怎样，我的目标就是给人类提供高质量的生活。【注释：anyhow （= anyway） adv. 不管怎样说, 无论如何, 至少 eg. He told me not to buy it, but I bought it anyhow.他告诉我不要买它, 但不管怎样, 我还是买了。 不论用何种方法, 无论从什么角度 eg. “Well, anyhow, I rang the bell.”“好吧, 不管好歹, 反正我按铃了。” 随随便便地, 杂乱无章地 eg. Her clothes were thrown down just anyhow.她的衣服随便乱扔。provide sb. with sth.给某人提供某物 eg. 1) These books willprovideus with all the information we need.这本书将为我们提供所需要的全部信息。另外：provide against 为做好准备, 预防; provide for 为提供生活费 eg. 1) The government has toprovideagainst a possible oil shortage in the coming months.政府须为未来几个月中可能出现的油荒作好准备。2) He worked hard to provide for his old age.他努力工作为养老做准备。supply sth. for sb. 给某人提供某物; 因而提供。 eg. 1) The school supplies books for the children.学校为儿童提供书本。 2) He supplied food and clothing for his reputation.他为了自己的名誉而赞助衣食。】 I am now truly filled with happiness that I am a devoted friend and helper of the human race!译文：我现在真的很高兴：能为人类献身和帮助。【注释：be filled with满怀（某种情感等）;充满着 eg. 1) I was filled with admiration.我内心充满了羡慕。 2) The sight of him filled her with happiness.一见到他, 她心里就充满了幸福。 devoted adj. 专心的,恩爱的 eg. To a devoted couple even water t