高考英语短文改错考点分析.doc

此文档收集于网络，如有侵权请联系网站删除高考英语短文改错考点分析通过对历届高考英语短文改错题的深入研究和反复比较，我们发现：高考英语短文改错的设错(即考点)很有规律，并且呈现出极强的稳定性。常规考点主要集中在动词、冠词、介词、连词、名词、形容词和副词、各类从句引导词、行文逻辑等方面。进一步的研究还表明：动词：主要考查时态(每年必有)、非谓语动词(每年必有)、语态(有时有)等方面。冠词：主要考查基本用法(冠词设错几乎每年都有)。介词：主要考查介词的习惯搭配(比如与名词搭配、与动词搭配、尤其是与形容词的搭配等，介词设错几乎每年都有)。名词：主要考查其可数性或单复数的使用情况等(几乎每年都有)。形容词：主要考查比较等级、搭配、修饰、用法区别等(形容词设错几乎每年都有)。副词：主要考查副词修饰其他词的正确性，有时也考查搭配与行文逻辑方面的问题等。代词：主要考查前后指代的一致性以及某些习惯用法等。并列连词：并列连词考查主要涉及行文逻辑。各类从句：包括状语从句、名词性从句、定语从句等。主要考查各类从句的引导词的正确使用问题(大部分年份有)。1高考英语短文改错考点类析非谓语动词一、考点规律分析短文改错对非谓语动词的考查主要涉及不定式符号 to 的有无，介词后该使用动词的什么形式(用动名词)，并列结构中几个非谓语动词是否一致，动词用作主语时用何种形式(可用动名词或不定式，但不能用动词原形)等。二、真题单句归纳(1) David and I wanted go off to find help but Bill insisted on staying near the car. (wanted 后加 to，因为want 后要接不定式) (全国卷)(2) rather than go into the forest and getting lost. (getting 改 get，因为 get 与其前的go 并列) (全国卷)(3) David pointed to a path which he thought would probably leading to a village. (leading 改为 lead，因为其前有助动词 would) (全国卷)(4) I went back to get David and helped him to stood up. (stood 改为 stand，因为 to stand up 在此为不定式结构) (全国卷)(5) Charles and Linda Mason do all of these things as well as climbed building. (climbed 改为 climb / climbing，若将 as well as 视为连词，则将 climbed 改为 climb，因为它与其前的 do 并列；若将 as well as 视为介词，则 climbing，因为介词后动词用动名词) (全国卷)(6) Modern people know more about health, have better food, and to live in clearer surroundings. (去掉live 前的 to，因为 live 与其前的 know, have 并列) (全国卷)(7) The World Health Organization and other organizations are working improve health all over the world. (improve前加to，to improve为表目的的不定式短语) (全国卷)(8) you pay the cost of send a postcard, the librarian will write to you. (send改为sending，因为介词后接动名词作宾语) (全国卷)(9) and let you to know when the book you want has returned (去掉 know 前的 to，因为其前有动词 let) (全国卷)(10) I want to thank you again for have me in your home for the summer holidays. (have改为having，因为介词后接动名词作宾语) (全国卷)(11) I had always wanted return to the village after moving away. (return前加 to，因为 want 后要接不定式) (全国卷)(12) It was very kind of them to meet me at the railway station and drove me to their home. (drove改为 drive，因为 drive 与其前的 to meet 并列，此处的 drive 为省略 to 的不定式) (全国卷)(13) I look forward to hear from you soon. (hear改为 hearing，因为其前的 to 是介词) (全国卷)(14) Play football not only makes us grow up tall and strong but also gives us a sense of fair play and team spirit. (第一个play改为 playing，因为动词原形不能用作主语) (全国卷)(15) I was often a little tired after a days work and watch TV demands very little effort. (watch改为 watching，因为动词原形不能用作主语) (全国卷)(16) Id like very much come but I have an examination on Monday morning. (come 前加 to，因为 would like 后接不定式) (北京春季卷)(17) Ill spend the whole weekend reading and prepare for it. (prepare 改为 preparing，因为它与其前的 reading 并列，与其前所用的动词 spend 有关) (北京春季卷)(18) But then there is always more mysteries look into. (look 前加 to，此处为不定式作后置定语) (北京春季卷)(19) After learn the basics of the subject, nothing else seemed very practical to me. (learn 改为learning，因为介词后接动名词作宾语) (北京春季卷)(20) My parents love me dearly of course and will do all they can make sure that I get a good education. (make 前加 to，因为 to make 在此用作目的状语，注意句型 do all one can to do sth) (全国卷)(21) He did not want share things with other people. (want 后加 to，因为want 后要接不定式) (北京春季卷)(22) That is, a game of tennis making him very busy. (making 改为made，因为缺谓语，不能用非谓语形式，根据上下文用一般过去时) (北京春季卷)(23) As we climbed the mountain, we fed monkeys, visiting temples and told stories. (visiting 改为 visited，因为它与其前的 fed 和其后的 told 并列) (全国卷)(24) But his parents think go to college is more important than playing sports. (go 改为 going，因为动词原形不能用作主语) (安徽春季卷)(25) children may not develop the habit of read and the ability to enjoy themselves. (read 改为 reading，因为介词后要接动名词) (年北京春季卷)(26) to make children to want things that they dont really need.(去掉 want 前的 to，因为 want在此用作使役动词 make 的宾语补足语) (年北京春季卷)(27) Soon I began to enjoy talk to myself on paper as I was learning to express myself in simple English. (talk 改为 talking，因为动词 enjoy 后要接动名词作宾语) (全国卷)(28) Shake her head, she said, “It isnt a good time to do that, dear.” (Shake 改为 Shaking，现在分词表伴随) (江苏卷)(29) Its like going to a huge library without have to walk around to find your books. (have 改为 having，介词后用动名词作宾语) (广西卷)(30) I am thinking of making a trip to London, and visit the British Museum and some parks. (visit 改为 visiting，因visit与making并列，作介词of的宾语) (四川卷)(31) I have some records giving to me as birthday gifts.(giving 改为 given，“把某物给某人”是give sth to sb；句中records与give是被动关系，故用过去分词)(32) I dream of standing on the platform in the classroom and give lessons to lovely boys and girls. (give改为giving，因它与standing并列，作dream of的宾语)三、模拟单句演练(1) In those days we were forced work twelve hours a day.(2) Its very difficult for a foreigner learn Chinese.(3) It was silly of you believe what he said.(4) He was made wash the bosss car once a day.(5) Ill let you to know as soon as I hear from her.(6) I waved to her but failed attract her attention.(7) I have already seen the film twice. I dont want see it any more.(8) What I want know is when all this happened.(9) It was clear that he wanted be alone.(10) Most children are interested in listen to stories.(11) Walk quickly is difficult for an old man.(13) Be careful in cross the street. (14) The film is very interesting. It is worth see twice.(15) Find work is very difficult these days.(16) Most of us students enjoy ask questions in English.(17) Look, some of my classmates are practising speak English over there.(18) Teach a child to sing and dance is very interesting.(19) Learn to speak English is more difficult than to write it.(20) My friend Jim is very good at making things and repair things.(21) He decided to go to the south, find a good job and living there.(22) It was very kind of you to buy us some much fruit and seeing us at the station.(23) Excuse me, would you to tell me the way to the zoo?【参考答案】(1) work 前加 to，此句为 force sb to do sth 的被动形式。(2) learn 前加 to，此句用的是 its difficult for sb to do sth 句型。(3) believe 前加 to，此句用的是 its silly of sb to do sth 句型。(4) wash 前加 to，make sb do sth 中的 do 不能带to，但若 make 用于被动语态，则其后的 do 要带 to。(5) 去掉 to，因为 let 后用作宾语补足语的不定式不能带 to。(6) attract 前加 to，fail to do sth 意为“未能做某事”。(7) see 前加 to，want(想要)后接动词要用不定式。(8) know 前加 to，want(想要)后接动词要用不定式。(9) be 前加 to，want(想要)后接动词要用不定式。(10) listen 改为 listening，介词后接动名词作宾语。(12) Walk 改为 Walking，用作主语要用动名词，不用动词原形。注意不能将 walk 视为名词，因为其后有副词修饰语 quickly。(from )(13) cross 改为 crossing，介词后接动名词作宾语。(14) see 改为 seeing，worth 后接动词要用动名词形式。(15) Find 改为 Finding，用作主语要用动名词，不用动词原形。(16) ask 改为 asking，enjoy 后接动词作宾语要用动名词形式。(17) speak 改为 speaking，practise 后接动词作宾语要用动名词形式。(18) Teach 改为 Teaching，用作主语要用动名词，不用动词原形。(19) Learn 改为 Learning，用作主语要用动名词，不用动词原形。(20) repair 改为 repairing，因它与 making 并列，一起用作介词 at 的宾语。(21) living 改为 live，因它与其前的 go to, find 并列。(22) seeing 改为 see，因它与 to buy 并列，see 为省略 to 的不定式。(23) 去掉 tell 前的 to，因 would you 后应接动词原形，不接不定式。短文改错专项训练非谓语动词类错误1. A lot of money has been spent to buy the book.2. You will have to pay the cost of send a postcard.3. What he did was puzzled.4. I will spend a week reading and prepare for the examination.5. Charles and Linda do all of these things as well as climbed buildings.6. Yesterday I had my bad tooth pulling out. 7. I heard her singing a song which moved me to tears.8. I made a terrible mistake. I regretted not to take your advice. 9. When we reached the top of the mountain, we stopped having a rest before we went down the mountain.10. Therell be a good film tonight, remember seeing it on time!11. The game was over, she went home.12. When speaking, you must make yourself hear.13. She pretended not seeing me when I came in.14. Abraham Lincoln was considered being one of the greatest of all American presidents.15. Following by the officers, the general inspected the army.16. There is something wrong with my computer, and it needs repaired.17. Dont burn the falling leaves on the ground.18. Losing in thought, he almost ran into a car in front of him.19. I enjoy to listen to the classic music.20. Judge by what he wears, he is a farmer.【答案与解析】1. to buy改为buying。2. send改为sending。介词of后要求用动名词作宾语。3. puzzled改为puzzling。puzzling表示“令人疑惑不解的”意思。4. prepare改为preparing。preparing和前面的 reading是并列结构。5. climbed改为climbing。as well as是介词短语，后面接动名词或名词。6. pulling改为pulled。have the tooth pulled out表示“请人拔牙”的意思。7. singing改为sing。从后面可以看出来，“我”听完了整首歌曲，强调动作的全过程，用不定式作宾补。8. to take改为taking。用动名词表示对已发生过的事情的后悔。9. having改为to have。stop的目的是have a rest。10. seeing改为to see。还未看电影。11. was改为being。独立主格结构。12. hear改为heard。make oneself heard意为“使别人听到自己的话”。13. seeing改为to see。pretend后面要求接不定式作宾语。14. being改为to be。consider后用不定式作宾补。15. following改为followed。过去分词表被动。16. repaired 改为repairing。动名词主动形式，表被动意义。17. falling改为fallen。过去分词作定语，强调动作的完成。18. losing改为lost。be lost in thought 表示“陷入深思”。19. to listen改为listening。enjoy后面用动名词作宾语。20. Judge改为Judging。Judging by为一固定说法。2短文改错专项训练语态与语气类错误A. 语态错误1. He insisted on sending to work in Tibet.2. In some countries, tea is serving with milk and sugar.3. This film will is shown this evening.4. Many trees have planted every year.5. The piece of cloth is felt smoth.【答案与解析】1. sending 改为being sent。动名词用被动形式。2. serving 改为served。3. is 改为be。4. have 改为 are。5. Is felt改为feels。不用被动语态。B. 语气错误1. It is high time you leave for Shanghai.2. She suggests that her brother not goes to college.3. The judge insisted that the spy was put in prison.4. How I wish I am as strong as you.5. It is necessary that the patient is sent to hospital right away.6. If he hadnt been caught in the storm yesterday, he will not be ill now. 7. If I am you, I would give him a good beating.【答案与解析】1. leave改为left。It is time后面的从句动词要用虚拟语气。谓语动词用过去式。2. goes改为go。suggest表示“建议”，后面的宾语从句用虚拟语气。谓语动词用原形。3. was改为be。宾语从句要用虚拟语气。4. am改为were。wish后面的宾语从句需用虚拟语气。5. 第二个is改为be。主语从句要用虚拟语气。6. will 改为would。此处要用虚拟语气。7. am 改为were。这是一个与现在情况相反的一个假设，要用虚拟语气。3高考英语短文改错考点类析时态一、考点规律分析动词时态考点主要涉及一般现在时与一般过去的区别，其命题方式通常是在一个一般现在时的背景下误用某个一般过去时；或者反过来，在一个一般过去时的背景下误用某个一般现在时。从所涉及的动词来看，主要涉及be 和 have两个常用动词。有时也涉及其他时态，如一般将来时，现在完成时等，但很少见。二、真题单句归纳(1) We were driving along a narrow road when the car stop(stop改为stopped) (全国卷)(2) and had returned to the car! Bill is standing at the side of the car (is 改为 was) (全国卷)(3) Two months ago they were back in America. Last Sunday, police cars hurry to the(hurry 改为 hurried) (全国卷)(4) Today, it is much easier to be healthy than it is in the past. (第二个is 改为 was) (全国卷)(5) Also, scientists and doctors had learned how to deal with many diseases. (had 改为 have) (全国卷)(6) Anyone may borrow books, and it cost nothing to borrow them. (cost 改为 costs) (全国卷)(7) If the book you will want is out, you may ask for it to be called back for you. (去掉 will) (全国卷)(8) I had always wanted to return to the village after moving away and it is really great to see most of my old friends again. (is 改为 was) (全国卷)(9) They offered me coffee and other drinks. We have a good time talking and laughing together. (have 改为 had) (全国卷)(10) I learn about you from my English teacher, Miss Fang. (learn 改为learned) (全国卷)(11) My favourite sport is football. I was a member of our school football team. (was 改为 is) (全国卷)(12) I am happy with any programme but the others spent a lot of time arguing and there was no way of settling the matter except by selling the set. (am 改为 was) (全国卷)(13) Id like very much to come but I had an examination on Monday morning. It is a very (had 改为have) (北京春)(14) I remembered her words and calm down. (calm改为calmed)(全国卷)(15) They did not want me to do any work at home; they want me to devote all my time to (did 改为 do) (全国卷)(16) He said he is busy. (is 改为 was) (北京春)(17) On the way up I was busy taking pictures since the scenery was so beautiful. The time passes quickly. (passes 改为 passed) (全国卷)(18) But his parents think going to college is more important than playing sports and college was the only place for a smart boy like his son. (was 改为 is) (安徽卷)(19) At once I apologize and controlled myseff at my best till the dinner started.(apologize改为 apologized) (江苏卷)(20) Sometimes, we talked to each other very well in class, but after class we become stranger at once. (talked改为 talk) (全国卷)(21) She stopped to look out of the window and find a cloud of smoke coming out of her neighbors house. (find改为 found) (福建卷)(22) We were living in a big family. We treat each other as brothers and sisters. (treat改为 treated) (天津卷)(23 I am always young when I was staying with them. (am改为 was) (湖北卷)三、模拟单句演练(1) Just now Jim tells me his mother was ill.(2) I phone the other students a moment ago.(3) We often played together when we are children.(4) What are you doing when I called you?(5) I see you in the park. You were talking to a pretty girl.(6) She doesnt hear the doorbell, for she was watching TV.(7) Well stay at home playing cards if it will rain tomorrow. (8) Please let me know if you will have any trouble.(9) He hurt his back when he is playing football with his classmates.(10) Ill write to him when I finished the book.(11) Charles worked hard since leaving school. (12) In fact, I am very thin when I was young.(13) He is kind to me. Although he is very busy, he still came to see me. (14) How long have you been here? How did you like our city?(15) As is known to us all, the earth turned around the sun.(16) Im interested in English, so I spoke it better than the others do. (17) Dont worry about it. I promise you I come to help you.(18) Now everything is dear. Even a small piece of bread cost one yuan.(19) Remember to turn off the lights before you will leave. (20) I forget to tell him the news. Shall we telephone him now?【参考答案】(1) tell 改为 told，因句中有表过去的时间状语just now(刚刚)。(2) phone 改为 phoned，因句中有表过去的时间状语a moment ago。(3) are 改为 were，因主句谓语为一般过去时。(4) are 改为 were，因从句谓语为一般过去时。(5) see 改为 saw，因下文用了 were talking。(6) doesnt 改为 didnt，因下文用了 was watching。(7) 去掉if从句中的 will，因条件状语从句要用一般现在时表示将来意义。(8) 去掉 will，因条件状语从句要用一般现在时表示将来意义。(9) is 改为 was，因主句中的hurt为一般过去时。(10) finished 改为finish，或在 finished 前加 have。即在时间状语从句中要用一般现在时表示将来意义，但这里也可用现在完成时表示完成。(11) worked 前加has，句中的 since 表示“自从以来一直”，即表示从过去持续到现在的一段时间，故用现在完成时。(12) am 改为 was，根据从句中的一般过去时可知 am 应改为 was。(13) came 改为 comes，根据前面的两处一般现在时可知。(14) did 改为 do，根据前面的现在完成时可知“你”现在还在我们城市，故后面一句问的是“你”现在对我们城市的看法。(from )(15) turned 改为 turns。本句叙述的是客观真理，故用一般现在时。(16) spoke 改为 speak。全句叙述的是现在的情况。(17) come 前加 will，根据句意，此处应是将来时态。(18) cost 改为 costs，句子讲述的是现在的一般情况。(19) 去掉 will，时间状语从句要用一般现在时表示将来意义。(20) forget 改为 forgot，根据句意，此题的“忘记”应是指过去忘记。短文改错专项训练时态类错误1. He said that he will see you off at the airport the next day.2. When he will come back， Ill let you know.3. He said that he has had the bike for two years.4. I work on a farm in North China in the 1970s.5. A new bridge was being built in our city at present.6. I finished my homework before I left school.7. I feel regretful now that I dont study hard when I was in my high school.8. If I am you, I would do it.9. She buys a bike yesterday.10. I come here in two days.11. I dont think we met before.12. He taught here for six years since he came to this town.13. My sister said that she would call me but I didnt hear from her so far.14. I am tired because I had been working all day.15. Look! Here the bus coming.16. I meet him in other time.17. By this time tomorrow we have finished the work.18. Sometimes I will get up at eight in the morning.19. We have to cancel the match if it will rain tomorrow.20. I didnt see my best friend for nearly two years.【答案与解析】1. will改为would。宾语从句要用过去将来时态。2. will come改为comes。时间状语从句用一般现在时表将来。3. has改为had。宾语从句需用过去完成时。4. work改为worked。此句要用一般过去时态。5. was 改为is。从at present可知，此句用现在进行时。6. finish前加had。离开学校是过去时态，在此之前完成就应用过去完成时。7. dont改为didnt。定语从句表示的是过去时态。此句要用一般过去时。8. am改为were。此句为虚拟语气，要用过去时。9.buys改为bought。从yesterday可知，要用一般过去时。10. come改为will come。从in the two days可知，谓语动词要用一般将来时。11. met前加have。Before是表示过去，应用现在完成时态。12. taught改为has taught。表示过去已经开始持续到现在，而且还可能继续下去的动作或状态，应用现在完成时态来表示。13. didnt改为havent。so far 迄今为止，用于现在完成时态。14. had改为have。从am 可看出是现在时，其句中给出all day，应用现在完成进行时态。15. coming改为comes。Here, there放在句首构成倒装时，其时态只用于一般现在时或一般过去时。16. meet改为met。in other times从前，所以谓语动词要用一般过去时态。17. have 前加shall。强调在将来某时刻为止时完成是某动作，应用将来完成时态。18.去掉will。Sometimes有时，暗示句子要用一般现在时。19. will rain改为rains。If引导的条件状语从句，要用一般现在时表将来。20. didnt saw 改为havent seen。For nearly two years 暗示谓语动词要用现在完成时。4高考英语短文改错考点类析介词一、考点规律分析短文改错对介词的考查主要涉及在及物动词后接宾语时误加介词和在不及物动词后接宾语时漏加介词、可直接用作状语的副词短语前误加介词、介词与其他词的常用搭配、常用介词的基本用法、习语中的介词用法等。二、真题单句归纳(1) Bill insisted in staying near the car. (in 改为 on，insist on 为固定搭配) (全国卷)(2) Suddenly we caught sight at a car and some men. (at 改为 of，catch sight of是习语，意为“看见”) (全国卷)(3) When I have free time I go a long walk. (go 后加 for，go for a walk 是习语) (全国卷)(4) When they came down the police were angry to them. (to 改为 with，要表示对某人生气，英语习惯上用be angry with sb) (全国卷)(5) Most people can quickly get for help from a doctor or go to a hospital since they are ill. (去掉 for，因其前的 get 是及物动词) (全国卷)(6) and some books, for example, books for history, science, cooking and gardening are also popular. (books for 改为 books on，此处的 on 意为“关于”) (全国卷)(7) I never knew about a ride down a river could be so exciting. (去掉 about 或将 about 改为 that，因动词 knew 后可直接跟宾语从句，无需用介词) (全国卷)(8) It was very kind for them to meet me at the railway station. (for 改为 of，注意句型 Its kind of sb to do sth) (全国卷)(9) In fact, they are planning to visit China in next year. (去掉 in，在由 next, this, last 等构成的时间短语中，一般可直接用作时间状语，无需加 in, on, at 这样的介词) (全国卷)(10) We practise for three times every week. (去掉 for，在表示频率的名词前通常不加介词) (全国卷)(11) We must keep in mind that we play for the team instead ourselves. (instead 后加 of，instead of 为复合