高中英语必修二-课文详解Book-2-unit-2.doc

此文档收集于网络，如有侵权请联系网站删除必修二 Unit 2 The Olympic Games奥运会I. Vocabularyancient adj.古代的；古老的compete vi.比赛；竞争 competitor n. 竞争者take part in参加；参与medal n.奖章；勋章；纪念章stand for 代表；象征；表示mascot n. 吉祥物Greece n.希腊 Greek 希腊的magical adj. 巫术的；魔术的volunteer n.志愿者；志愿兵adj.志愿的；义务的vt. & vi. 自愿homeland n.祖国；本国regular adj. 常规的；定期的athlete n. 运动员；运动选手admit vt. & vi. 容许；承认；接纳slave n. 奴隶nowadays adv. 现今；现在gymnastics n. 体操；体能训练athletics n. 体育运动；竞技stadium n. (露天)体育场gymnasium(gym) n.体育馆；健身房as well 也；又；还host vt.做东；主办 n. 主人responsibility n. 责任；职责olive n. 橄榄树；橄榄叶；橄榄枝；橄榄色wreath n.花圈；花冠 ；圈状物replace vt. 代替；取代；替换motto n. 座右铭；格言；警句swift adj. 快的；迅速的similarity n.相像性；相似的charge vt. & vi.收费；控诉 n. 费用；主管 sb. is in charge of sth.某人主管某事 sth. is in the charge of sb.physical adj.物理的；身体的advertise vt. & vi.做广告；登广告princess n. 公主 prince n.王子glory n. 光荣；荣誉bargain vi.讨价还价；讲条件 n. (经过讨价还价之后的)便宜货one after another陆续地；一个接一个地deserve vi. & vt.值得；应受foolish adj.愚蠢的；傻的IIReading AN INTERVIEW一次采访Pausanias, who was a Greek writer about 2,000 years ago, has come on a magical journey on March 18th, 2007 to find out about the presentday Olympic Games.译文：帕萨尼亚斯，大约2000年前的希腊作家，为了弄清现代奥运会，于2007年3月18日进行了一次不可思议的旅行。【注释：come on前进, 出击 eg. The soldiers came on in the face of heavy fire.战士们迎着烈火前进。随后跟上 eg. You go first.Ill come on in a minute你先走, 我随后就来。开始工作 eg. 1) The cooling unit hasnt come on yet.冷却装置还未工作。 2) The new man doesnt come on till midnight.新来的人午夜时分才上班。登台, 出场 eg. 1) The new play comes on tomorrow.这出新戏明天上演。2) Their best man came on to bowl.他们的最佳球员上场了。开始; 来到 1) The rain came on again while we were working in the fields.我们在田里耕作的时候, 又下起雨来了。 2) It came on to snow heavily towards the evening.黄昏时分, 大雪纷飞。 3) Rain came on toward morning.快到早上时开始下起雨来。 快点; 赶紧 eg. 1) Come on, children, or well be late!快点, 孩子们, 不然我们就晚了! 加油做; 振作起来eg. 1) Come on. It isnt the end of the world.你要振作起来!天不会塌下来的。 提出讨论, 审问The case will come on for trial tomorrow.这个案件明天将开庭审理。 进步, 发展 eg. 1) How has he come on recently? 他近来进展如何? (10) 偶然发现 eg. As we turned the corner, we came upon a group of men who were waiting for the public house to open.我们转过屋角时碰到一群人等着店开门。 find out 发现；看穿；揭发 eg. 1) I have found out how to make the cake.我已经发现怎么做蛋糕。 2) We must find out the truth of the matter.我们必须弄清楚事情的真相。 3) We soon found out that he was a secret agent.我们很快就查明他是个间谍。 使发作 eg. 1) This cold weather finds out my old wound.这寒冷的天气使我的旧伤疼痛。 2) The overcast and rainy weather found out his arthritis.阴雨天使他的关节炎发作了。通过探询访问获悉(某人)不在 eg. 1) I found him out when I called.我去看他时发现他不在家。使受惩罚, 使得到报应 eg. His sins will find him out.他为非作歹, 不会有好下场。】 He is now interviewing Li Yan, a volunteer for the 2008 Olympic Games.译文：他现在正在采访李兰，一位2008年奥运会自愿者。P: My name is Pausanias.译文：我叫帕萨尼亚斯。 I lived in what you call “Ancient Greece” and I used to write about the Olympic Games a long time ago.译文：我曾住在所谓的“古希腊”的地方，很久以前，我常报道奥运会。【注释：what you call意为“所谓的”，在句中what是关系性连接代词，既作介词in的宾语，同时又作动词call的宾语，此时的what不可用which或that替换。 考题(浙2008-6) Some children want to challenge themselves by learning a language different from _ their parents speak at home. A. what B. that C. which D. oneused to do sth.过去常常做某事(而现在不再做) ,而would do sth.表示“过去常做某事（现在也有可能还在做）” eg. 1) The Greeks used to worship several gods.过去,希腊人崇奉好几种神。 2) Kate, look! Tom is late for school now. He would be late for school before.】 Ive come to (your) time to find out about the present-day Olympic Games because I know that in 2004 they were held in my homeland.译文：我是来履行义务，搞清楚现代奥运会，因为在2004年在我家乡举办过奥运会。【注释：come to time履行义务 eg. Ill come to time to help you do the job.我来履行义务，帮你做这份工作。】 May I ask you some questions about the modern Olympic?译文：我可以问你一些有关现代奥运问题吗？【注释：May I 是一种表示“客气、委婉”的请求，语气比较正式，多用于正式场合时的交际用语。 eg. 1) “May I smoke here?”“Yes, please (certainly).”“我可以在这儿吸烟吗?”“请吸吧!” 2) May I use your bicycle?我可以用你的自行车吗?】L: Good heavens! Have you really come from so long ago? 译文：天呀！你真的来自那么久远吗？But of course you can ask questions you like.译文：对，当然，你可以问你想问的任何问题。【注释：but (用于加强语气)在本句中用来加强of course的语义。 eg. Itll be the event of the yeareveryone, but everyone, is coming.这将是一年中的大事每个人, 对, 就是每一个人, 都会来。】 What would you like to know?译文：你想了解什么？【注释：would like (to do) sth.愿意；意欲 eg. Id like to help you.我愿意帮你。】P: How often do you hold your Games?译文：你们多久举办一届奥运会？【注释：how often是指对频率作出应答，译为“多久一次”，eg. How often do you see a film?Once a week?你多久看一次电影？一周一次吗？how soon是专对表示将来时间段的“in +时间段” 提问，表示从说话时起过若干时间，译为“多久”，谓语动词是短暂性动词，eg. How soon will he come back? About in three days.他多久回来？大约3天以后。 how long是专对“for +时间段”提问，表示动作所持续的时间，也可以译为“多久”，谓语动词是延续性动词， eg. How long have you stayed here? For three days.你在这呆了多久啦？3天。】L: Every four years.译文：每4年一次。【注释：常用“每; 每隔”常用下列方式表达：every + 序数词 + 名词（单数） 如： every fourth year 每4年/每隔3年； every fifth day每5天every + 基数词 + 名词（复数） 如： every fout years每4年/每隔3年；every other + 名词（单数） 如：every other day每隔一天； every other week每隔一周every few + 名词（复数） 如： every few days每隔几天】 There are two main sets of Games the Winter and the Summer Olympics, and both are held every four years on a regular basis.译文：有两种主要形式冬季奥运会和夏季奥运会，这两种奥运会都是每4年定期举行一次。【注释：on a regular basis定期地，其同义词是regulary,反义词是irregualr或on a irregular basis.】 The Winter Olympics are usually held two years before the Summer Games.译文：冬奥会通常比夏季奥运会早两年举行。 Only athletes who have reached the agreed standard for their event will be admitted as competitors. 译文：只有达到规定标准的选手才允许参加。【注释：reach the standard for 达到标准】They may come from anywhere in the world.译文：他们可能来自世界任何地方。【注释：anywhere无论何处, 随便哪里 eg. You can go anywhere you like.你可以去任何你想去的地方。】P: Winter Games? 译文：冬奥会？How can the runners enjoy competing in winter?译文：在冬季竞赛选手怎么才能享受/参加比赛呢？【注释：enjoy + v-ing表示“喜欢; 享受”。切记：在下列动词后面只跟动名词作宾语：admit, appreciate, avoid, consider(思考), delay, dislike, enjoy, escape, excuse, finish, imagine, keep, mind, miss(错过), practise, risk, resist, suggest等动词，如： 1) The boy just missed being hit by a car.那个小男孩差一点就让车子撞到了。 2） I dont want to risk losing my job.我不想冒失去工作的风险。 考题：(2009申) Bill suggested _ a meeting on what to do for the Shanghai Expo during the vacation.A. having held B. to hold C. holding D. hold 】 And what about the horses?译文：还有马术呢？L: Oh no! There are no running races or horse riding events.译文：噢，不再有马术！没有竞赛和马术比赛项目。【注释：no (= no more)不再】 Instead there are competitions like skiing and ice skating which need snow and ice.译文：而是有像滑雪和滑冰需要有雪和冰的比赛项目。【注释：instead adv. 代替; 顶替 eg. 1) Instead, he did experiments to test and prove an idea before he was ready to accept it.相反, 他在准备接受一种观念之前, 总是进行试验, 进行验证。 2) Mike doesnt study at all.Instead, he sits idle all day.迈克根本不肯读书, 相反地, 他终日游手好闲。 3) If you cant go, I will go instead.如果你不能去, 我替你去。 instead of (用)代替, (是)而不是, (用)而不用 eg. 1) Will you go to the party instead of me?你替我赴宴好吗? 2) Shall we have fish instead of meat today?今天我们不吃肉吃鱼好吗? 3) Give me this instead of that.给我这个, 不要那个。】 Thats why theyre called the Winter Olympics.译文：那就是为什么他们被称为冬奥会。【注释：Thats/Thiss why“那是/这是为什么”，后面跟的是结果；Thats/Thiss because“这是因为”，后面跟原因。如：1） Thats why he was late for school today.那就是为什么他今天上学迟到。 2) Thiss because he felt terrible.这是因为他感觉不舒服。】 Its in the Summer Olympics that you have the running races, together with swimming, sailing and all the team sports.译文：就是在夏季奥运会上才有竞赛、游泳、帆船及所有的团体运动项目。【注释：强调句 Its + 被强调部分人+ who/ that ; Its + 被强调部分物 + that (注意：被强调的是状语或状语从句时，要用that引导从句，不能用which,或when, where, 且that不可省略。 eg. 1) It was in the park that I met him.我是在公园里遇到他的。2） It was yesterday that I happened to meet her in the park.是在昨天我碰巧在公园里遇见他。 被强调的是人时，引导词用who,也可以用that. 但要注意：当被强调的是主语时，人称代词要用主格形式，eg. It was I who put forward the theory first。是我最先提出这个理论的。对notuntil时间状语从句进行强调时，其句型是：It is/was not until that-clause，即not和until在强调句中总是紧挨着的，eg. It was not until the last operation was finished that Bethune left the battle hospital.直到做完最后一个手术白求恩才离开战地医院。强调句型与it is/was + 时间 + when从句区别：在it is/ was + 时间 + when从句结构中，it是指时间，when引导的是时间状语从句，注意两种句型“时间”表达方式的不同。如： 1） It was at midnight that I got back home yesterday.昨天晚上我半夜才回到家（强调的时间at midnight）. 2) It was midnight when I got home yesterday.我昨天到家时，已是半夜了。考题：1.（2008全II） It was in New Zealand _ Elizabeth first met Mr Smith. A. that B. how C. which D. when2. (2008渝) It was not until midnight _ they reached the camp site. A. that B. when C. while D. as3. (2005鲁) _ that he managed to get the information? Oh, a friend of his helped him.A. Where was it B. What was it C. How was it D. Why was it4. (2009赣) It was _ he came back from Africa that year _ he met the girl he would like to marry. A. when; then B. not; until C. not until; that D. only; when5. (2008津) It was along the Mississippi River _ Mark Twain spent much of his childhood. A. how B. which C. that D. wherepersonality n. 性格；个性；人格6. (2007渝) It is not who is right but what is right _ is of importance. A. which B. it C. that D. this7. (2007鲁) Where did you get to know her? It was on the farm _ we worked.Buddha n. 佛 A. that B. there C. which D. where 1-7 : AACCC CDpressure n. 压力；挤压；压迫（感） together with和一同；连同 . 注意：当together with所引导的内容与主语并列时，谓语动词在人称和数上应与前面的主语保持一致。如：1）They, together with my father, have gone to Washington.他们和我父亲一起去华盛顿了。2）He sent her some books, together with a dictionary.他送了她几本书, 外加一本词典。】PhD=Doctor of Philosophy 哲学博士学P: I see. Earlier you said that athletes are invited from all over the world.译文：我明白了。你先前所说的应邀运动员来自世界各地。 Do you mean the Greek world? 译文：你的意思是指来自整个希腊吗？Our Greek cities used to compete against each other just for the honour of winning.译文：为了获胜的荣誉，我们希腊各城市过去常常彼此竞争。【注释：compete against与抗争 eg. John was competing against James for the prize in arithmetic.约翰和詹姆斯比赛争夺算术奖。】 No other countries could join in, nor could slaves or women!译文：不让其他国家参加，也不让奴隶和妇女参加。【注释：否定词nor位于句首，所以采用半倒装结构，英语中含有否定意义的副词或短语放在句首时，句中需用部分倒装语序。这类副词及短语有：never, seldom, neither, nor, little, not, hardly, scarcely, at no time(决不), in no way(决不)等。如： 1） Never before have I seen such a film.以前我从来没有看过这样的影片。 2） Not a word did he say at the meeting.他在会上一句话也不说。 考题： （2007辽） I have been living in the United States for twenty years, but seldom _ so lonely as now. A. have I felt B. I had felt C. I have felt D. had I felt】Lake Titicaca 的的喀喀湖L: Nowadays any country can take part if their athletes are good enough.译文：如今，只要运动员优秀任何国家都可以参加。 There are over 250 sports and each one has its own standard.译文：有250多种运动项目，而且每一种都有自己的标准。 Women are not only allowed, but play a very important role in gymnastics, athletics, team sports and 译文：不仅允许妇女参加，而且她们在体操、田径运动、团体性运动中起着重要作用。【注释：not onlybut不仅而且; play a very important role in起重要作用】n.崇拜；敬神P: Please wait a minute! All those events, all those countries and even women taking part! Where are all the athletes housed?译文：请等一等！所有的项目，所有的国家以及甚至连妇女也能参加！（那么）这些运动员住哪？awesome adj. 使人敬畏的；令人畏惧的L: For each Olympics, a special village is built for them to live in, a main reception building, several stadiums for competitions, and a gymnasium as well.译文：每一届奥运会，都要建一座特别的村子，以供运动员居住，有一座主接待楼，几座比赛场馆，还有一个健身房。racial adj. 人种的；种族的P: That sounds very expensive. Does anyone want to host the Olympics Games?译文：这听起来代价很高。有没有愿意主办奥运会的呢Catherine L: As a matter of fact, every country wants the opportunity.译文：事实上，每个国家都想要这个机会。【注释：as a matter of fact事实上, 其实As a matter of fact, I didnt have anything.事实上, 我什么也没有。】 Its a great responsibility but also a great honour to be chosen.译文：被选中的国家有很大的责任，但同时也是一个巨大的荣幸。 Theres as much competition among countrie