高中英语 H情态动词课件 新人教版必修4.ppt

verb 助动词 系动词 情态动词 动词词组 非谓语动词 时态语态 do does didhave has hadwill would am is arewas wereseem look growfall taste etc will wouldshall should oughttocan couldmay mightmust usedto takeupfindoutmakeoffgivein etc todotobedonedoinghavingdonedoneetc 特定句型 情态动词 一 特征1 情态动词本身有词义 表示说话人的语气或情态 但词义不完全 不能单独作谓语动词 只能和不带to的动词不定式 即动词原型 ought等除外 一起构成谓语动词 2 情态动词所表示的情态有 命令 允许 请求 拒绝 愿望 愿意 义务 必要 可能 敢于 需要等 二 形式变化 1 情态动词没有人称和数的变化 第三人称单数的现在时也无变化 2 有些情态动词有过去式 有的过去式和它的原型相同 a 有过去式的有 can couldmay mightwill wouldshall shoulddare daredneed neededhaveto hadto b 过去式不变的有 must must 或hadto oughtto oughtto 三 否定式 shallnot shan twillnot won tcannot can tmustnot mustn tshouldnot shouldn toughtnottowouldnot wouldn tcouldnot couldn tdarenot daren tneednot needn t 四 情态动词的种类 要运用好情态动词 就要首先对情态动词有一个完整的认识 情态动词分为三种情况 1 只用作情态动词的有 must can could may might oughtto beableto2 既可作情态动词又可作实义动词的有 need dare 3 既可作情态动词又为助动词的有 shall should will would 1can could beableto 1 hecanspeakfrench whenhewasyoung hecouldsingverywell 4 anyonecanmakemistakes 2 couldyouplease boyscan twearlonghairinourclass 3 howcanyoubesorude can beableto lastnight thefirespreadthroughthehotelveryquicklybuteveryone getout wasableto 5 canthisnewsbetrue thiscan tbe sheisintheoffice 6 theweatherherecanbeveryhot 2may might 1 mayiuseyourpen yes youmay no youmustn t 2 itmay mightraintomorrow 3 mayallyourdreamscometrue 4 may might aswelldo hadbetterdo最好 thereisnothingtodo soimayaswellgotobed 3must haveto 1 wemustworkhard wehavetobeherebefore7 30 2 must mustn t needn t mustiwatertheflowers yes youmust no youneedn t don t haveto 3 must v can t v hemustbeatthelibrary 4 must用语肯定句中表示 偏偏 naturally afteritoldherwhattodo mydaughtermustgoanddotheopposite 自然地 在我交代女儿做什么之后 她偏偏要做相反的事情 4dare 1情态动词dare dareddaren t darehedoit hedarenotdoit 2 实义动词daretodoshedaredtowalkatnight 3 idaresay shedidn tdare to sheisabitshyand standupandanswertheteacher squestions a daresnotb doesn tdaretoc darenottod daresnottoiwonderhowhe tohisfatherlikethat a daredspeakb darespeakingc daredtospeakingd daretospeak b a 5need 1 youneedn tcallhim 2 needicome yes youmust no youneedn t don thaveto 3 实义动词 sb needtodo sth needtobedone doing you tothemeetingtomorrowifyouhavesomethingimportanttodo a needn ttocomeb don tneedcomec don tneedcomingd needn tcome d 6will would 1 wouldyoupassmethebook 2 iwillneverdothatagain 3 thiswillbethehousewearelookingfor 4 fishwilldieoutofwater hewouldgetupearlywhenhelivedinthecountry 7 usedto would 1 在表示过去重复的习惯时 usedto可用would代替 would表示过去的习惯性动作时 往往要带有一个特定的时间状语 例如 wheneverwewereinthecountry we playhide and seekinthefields 2 表示过去的状态 只能用usedto 不可用would 例如 there beapark would usedto 3 usedto强调过去的行为同现在的对比 含有 过去怎样而现在却不这样了 的意思 而would则单纯表示过去的习惯性动作 常和often everyday等连用 例如 sheisn twhatshe be 她跟过去不一样了 we sitintheyardeveryeveningandlistentohisstory 表示过去的重复行为 usedto would onsundayshe gotocallontheoldmanwhenhewasyoung i getuplate butnowihavegotusedtogettingupveryearly xiaoli beamodelworker heisnowauniversitystudent would usedto usedto whatdoesthesignovertheresay noperson smokeorcarryalightedcigarette cigarorpipeinthisarea a shallb needc willd can canipaythebillbycheck sorry sir butitisthemanagementruleofourhotelthatpayment bemadeincash a shallb needc willd can a a 8 shall should oughtto shall 1 whatshallwedonow shallshecomerightnow 在疑问句中 shall用于1 3人称 表示征求对方意见和请求 youshalldoasisay nothingshallstopusfromcarryingouttheplan heshallhavethebookwhenifinishreading youshallfallbehindinyourexamifyoukeepplaying heshallbepunished 命令 决心 允诺 警告 威胁 shall表示说话人的意愿 有 命令 允诺 警告 决心 规定 规章 等意思 用于第二 三人称陈述句中 should 1 theyshouldarriveat7 30 itisnearly7o clock heshouldbehereatanymoment 2 youwon tbelieveheshouldbesorude howshouldiknow 惊讶 竟然会 ifyoushouldchangeyourmind pleaseletmeknow oughtto theyshould oughttoarriveat7 30 oughtnotto oughtn tto 1 excuseme butiwanttouseyourcomputertotypeareport you havemycomputerifyoudon ttakecareofit a shan tb mightnotc needn td shouldn t a 2 whencanicomeforthephotos ineedthemtomorrowafternoon they bereadyby12 00 a canb shouldc mightd need b 3 oneought forwhatonehasn tdone a nottobepunishedb tonotbepunishedc tonotpunishedd notbepunished a theinterest bedividedintofiveparts accordingtotheagreementmadebybothsides declaredthejudge a mayb shouldc mustd shall d 情态动词的考点 情态动词的运用是高考英语单项选择几乎每年必考的要点 根据近几年对全国部分高考题的分析 主要归纳为以下几个考查热点 1 情态动词表示推测 2 情态动词 havedone结构 3 特定的语气 4 情态动词基本用法 一 can could may might must表示判断的用法比较1 thelightisonintheofficenow sothere besomeoneinit isn tthere 2 i mnotsurewhetherhewillcometoday he beilltoday 3 tomhasgonetobeijing soyou seehiminourschoolnow must may might can t 二 情态动词表示推测的用法 情态动词可用来表示推测 语气从强到弱的顺序是 must所表示的可能性最大 最有把握 意为 一定 can和could主要用于否定句和疑问句中 can t或couldn t表示 不可能 may和might表示现在或将来可能发生的动作或情况 主要用于肯定句中 might相对于may来说 表示的可能性更小一些 must should can may could might 表示否定的情态动词的用法 考点 mustn tneedn tcan tmaynotshouldn t 不准 禁止 没必要 don thaveto 不能 不可能 不可以 可能不 不应该 oughtnotto shemaynotbeathome shecan tbeathome theyshouldn tbethererightnow 1 you returnthebooknow youcankeepittillnextweekifyoulike a can tb mustn tc needn td maynot2 johnny you playwiththeknife you hurtyourself a won t can tb mustn t mayc shouldn t mustd can t shouldn t c b 3 willyoustayforlunch sorry mybrotheriscomingtoseeme a imustn tb ican tc ineedn td iwon t4 mayipickaflowerinthegarden a no youneedn tb not please c no youmustn td no youwon t b c atthismoment ourteachermust correct ourexampapers 情态动词 do表示对现在或将来的情况的推测 情态动词 bedoing 表示对正在进行的情况的推测 becorrecting theroadiswet it rain lastnight thereisnobodyhere they go home must may might havedone表示对过去情况推测 肯定 可能 也许已经 musthaverained musthaveallgone 1 areyoucomingtojeff sparty i mnotsure i gototheconcertinstead nmet2000 a mustb wouldc shouldd might2 mary beinparis forisawherinthetownonlyafewminutesago a mustn tb can tc shouldn td maynot b d 3 thenewsbetrue no it betrue a can can tb may can tc may maynotd must mustn t 注意 may和might都不用于疑问句中 正 can coulditbecloudytomorrow 误 may mightitbecloudytomorrow a thechildrenmusthavewateredthetomatoesyesterday they theministermusthavearrivedinshanghai hehe didn t hasn t youcan tbeserious you are 拓展 表示推测 情态动词的重要用法 肯定的推测可能的推测否定的推测疑问的推测 must 对将来对现在对过去 情态动词 may might can t couldn t can could v havedone v bedoing not be 1 should oughttohavedoneshouldn t oughtn ttohavedone2 may mighthavedone3 couldhavedonecan t couldn thavedone4 needn thavedone5 musthavedone6 wouldratherhavedone 情态动词在虚拟语气中的用法 推测 责备 怀疑 情态动词 havedone 1 musthavedone对过去已经发生的事的肯定推测 只用于肯定句 hemusthavegonetobed forthelightwasout whereismypen imusthavelostit 2 can couldhavedone对过去行为的怀疑和不肯定的推测 常用于否定句和疑问句 在否定句意为 不可能 不会是 mick find hiscar forhecametoworkbybusthismorning 不可能 不会找到车 can t couldn thavefound 注意 could havedone 表示对过去发生的事的揣测 可与can互换 表示对过去能做的事而没有做 不可与can替换 意为 本来可以做 能做 istayedatahotelwhileinnewyork oh didyou you stay withbarbara couldhavestayed could havedone 有时含有责备或遗憾的意思 you do itbetter you come earlier couldhavedone couldhavecome 3 may mighthavedone表示推测 可能性更小 主要用于肯定句 译为 或许 he go tothelibrary 他或许已经去图书馆了 might havedone有时含有委婉的责备或庆幸等感情 这时不能用may you tell meearlier 你本可以早点把消息告诉我的 may mighthavegone mighthavetold 4 shouldhavedone表示本应该做但却未做 含有 后悔 遗憾 责备 批评 之意 youshouldhavebeenmorecareful 你本应该更细心些 youshouldn thavetoldhimaboutit 你本不该告诉他这事 5 needn thavedone表示 本来用不着 本不必 之意 you ask him butyouaskedhim you come ihavefinishedthework needn thaveasked needn thavecome hewasverybusyyesterday otherwisehe come totheparty 6 wouldratherhavedone i do itthandelayed i go tothetheatrethanstayedhomenight wouldratherhavedone wouldratherhavegone 比较 wouldhavecome 拓展 宁愿做 wouldratherdo thando woulddo ratherthando wouldrathersbdid haddonesthprefertodo ratherthando preferdoing todoing 1 thegroundisratherwet soit haverainedlastnight didn tit 2 tom havegonetoshanghai buti mstillnotsureaboutit 3 thegroundisverydry soit haverainedlastnight 4 someonemusthavebrokenintoourbedroom who havedoneit 5 ireallyregrettedwastingthehourswheni havestudiedhard butitwastoolate must may can t could should 6 yourhomeisnotfarfromyourschool soyou haveleftinsuchahurrythen 7 i havecometohelpyouwithyourenglish butiwastoobusyatthattime 8 i mverysorryforthewordsi havesaidtoyouatthatmoment 9 ipaidavisittonewyorklastmonthandwestayedatanicehotel oh you havestayedwithbarbara sheisalwayswillingtodoyouafavour shouldn t could needn t wouldrather 情态动词的固定用法 1 cannot too enough无论怎么 也不 过分 越 越好youcannotbetoocareful youcannotrememberenoughenglishwords 2 cannotbut dosth 不得不 只好 icannotbutadmireyourbravery icouldnotbutchoosetogo 3 maywell maywellnotmaywell do 完全 能 很可能 beverylikelytoherappearancehaschangedsomuchthatyoumaywellnotrecognizeher 她的模样变化太大 你很可能人不出她了 hemaywellbeproudofhisson 他大可为儿子高兴 may mightaswell do havedone 最好 满可以 倒不如 hadbetteryoumayaswellstayhereoverthenight 你最好留在这里过夜 youmayaswelldoitatonce 你最好马上做这件事 youmayaswelltellmethetruth 你还是把真相告诉我的好 thefilmisboring andwemightaswellnothavecometoseeit 情态动词巩固练习 高考题选 1 istayedatahotelwhileinnewyork oh didyou you withbarbara a couldhavestayedb couldstayc wouldstayd musthavestayed a 2 ididn tseeherinthemeetingroomthismorning she atthemeetinga mustn thavespokenb shouldn thavespokenc needn thavespokend couldn thavespoken d 3 he youmorehelp eventhoughhewasbusy a mighthavegivenb musthavegivenc canhavegivend maygive a 4 isawourteacherintheofficejustnow you her sheisstillabroad a can thaveseenb mustn thaveseenc needn thaveseend shouldn thaveseen a 5 kateisalreadytwohourslate what toher a canhavehappenedb mayhavehappenedc shouldhavehappenedd musthavehappened a 6 we lastnight butwewenttotheconcertinstead a musthavestudiedb mightstudyc shouldhavestudiedd wouldstudy c 7 therewasplentyoftime she a mustn thavehurriedb couldn thavehurriedc mustn thurryd needn thavehurried d 8 sorry i mlate i haveturnedoffthealarmclockandgonebacktosleepagain a mightb shouldc cand will a 9 yesterday janwalkedawayfromthediscussion otherwise she somethingshewouldregretlate a hassaidb saidc mightsayd mighthavesaid d 10 didyouscoldhimforhismistake yes but it a i drathernotdob i dbetternotdoc i dbetternothavedoned i dratherhavenotdone c 11 ididn thearthephone i asleep a mustbeb musthavebeenc shouldbed shouldhavebeen b 12 janny havekeptherword iwonderwhyshechangedhermind a mustb shouldc needd would b 13 tomoughtnotto meyoursecret buthemeantnoharm a havetoldb tellc betellingd havingtold a 14 couldiborrowyourdictionary yes ofcourseyou a mightb willc cand should c 15 shallwegoskatingorstayathome which doyourself a doyouratherb wouldyouratherc willyouratherd shouldyourather b 16 itoldsallyhowtogethere butperhapsi forher a hadtowriteitoutb oughttowriteitoutc musthavewrittenitoutd shouldhavewrittenitout d 17 thefirespreadthroughthehotelveryquicklybuteveryone getout a hadtob wouldc couldd wasableto d 18 whenhewasthere he gotothatcoffeeshopatthecornerafterworkeveryday a wouldb shouldc hadbetterd might a 19 itisstrangethathe suchasillything a musthavedoneb mayhavedonec couldhavedoned shouldhavedone d 20 heturnuptheradio yes please a willb wouldc doesd shall d 21 jackfelloffaladderyesterday butheisallright he slucky he himselfbadly a couldwoundb wouldhavewoundedc couldhurtd wouldwound b 22 couldiuseyourdictionary a pleasenotb yes youdoc no youmightnotd pleasedoasyours d 23 theyoungmantherebehercousin he be buti mnotsure a can mayb may won tc can mustd will don t a 八 情态动词的否定式比较 mustn t禁止 不准can t couldn t不能 不可能needn t不必shouldn t不该won t wouldn t不愿意daren t不敢 1 thefirespreadthroughthehotel