高中英语 Module 4 Grammar Infinitive课件 外研版必修3.ppt

grammar infinitive 不定式的句法功能1 作主语 往往放在谓语动词之后 用it作形式主语 为了避免句子头重脚轻 e g toseeistobelieve itisrighttogiveupsmoking 不定式的用法 withhimisagreatpleasure a totalkb talkc talkedd totalking 本题考察动词不定式做主语的情况 动词不定式做主语 谓语动词用单数形式 其他三项都不能用来做主语 本句的意思是 跟他聊天是件很快乐的事 2 作宾语 作宾语时如果还带有宾语补足语 往往把不定式放在补足语之后 而用it作形式宾语 e g hewantedtogo ifinditinterestingtostudyenglish ididn tmanage ituntilyouhadexplainedhow a managetodob managedtodoc managetohavedongd managedoing 本句的意思是 直到你解释了如何去做我才能做到成功 manage后面用todo形式作宾语 3 做宾语补足语e g heaskedmetodotheworkwithhim 在feel hear listento lookat notice observe see watch have let make等词后的补足语中 不定式不带to thegovernmentcallsonus ourproduction a increasedb increasingc increased toincrease 本句意思是 政府号召我们增加生产 本题考察动词不定式做宾语补足语 通常用语及物动词和一些动词短语之后 如 wantsbtodo wishsbtodo asksbtodo 不定式作宾语补足语省略to的情况有下列口诀 一感二听三让五看半帮助 但是这些句子如果变成被动结构时 就必须带上toe g ioftenhearhimsingthesong heisoftenheardtosingthesong 4 作定语ihavesomebooksforyoutoread 当作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词 或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点 工具等时 不定式后面必须有相应的介词 e g heislookingforaroomtolivein 当作定语的不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的承受者时 不定式即可以用主动语态 也可以用被动语态 但含义有所不同 试比较 haveyouanythingtosend 你有什么东西要 自己 寄吗 haveyouanythingtobesent 你有什么东西要 我或别人 寄吗 atlast theyfoundahouse a toleavehisthingswithb toleavehisthingsinc leavinghisthingsind leavinghisthings 本句的意思是 最后他们终于找到了一间可以存放东西的屋子 当动词不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式的地点 工具等时 不定式后面应有必要的介词 5 作状语 表示目的 原因 结果或条件 e g icameheretoseeyouwewereveryexcitedtofindnobodythere hehurriedtotheschooltofindnobodythere tolookathim youwouldlikehim 目的 原因 结果 条件 6 作表语e g myjobistohelpthepatient 注意 主 表都是不定式 前者为条件 后者为目的或结果 tolearnalanguageistouseit mychiefpurposeis thedifficultiesofthematter a pointingoutb tobepointedc pointedd topointout 本句的意思是 我的主要目的是指出问题的难处 考查动词不定式做表语的情况 pointout是 指出 的意思 1 therearefivepairs buti matalosswhichtobuy a tobechosenb tochoosefromc tochoosed forchoosing let strysomemoreexercises 2 i veworkedwithchildrenbefore soiknowwhat inmynewjob a expectedb toexpectc tobeexpectingd expects 3 lateintheafternoon bobturnedoffthealarm a tosleepb sleepingc sleepd havingsleep 4 withalotofproblems thenewly electedpresidentishavingahardtime a settledb settlingc tosettled beingsettled 5 herwishis adoctor a becomingb becomec tobecomed beingcome 1 不定式的一般形式所表示的动作通常与谓语的动作 状态 同时 或几乎同时 发生 或是在它之后发生 e g isawhimgoout 不定式的时态和语态 2 如果谓语表示的动作发生时 不定式表示的动作正在进行 这时要用进行时 e g iamverygladtobeworkingwithyou 3 如果不定式的动作发生在谓语动词之前 就要用完成时 e g i msorrytohavekeptyouwaitingsolong 4 当不定式逻辑上的主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者时 不定式一般要用被动形式 e g heaskedtobesenttoworkinthecountryside 1 tom whentheyspokeillofhim a happenedtobepassedb happenedtobepassingbyc happenedpassingbyd happenedtopassed haveatry 2 alltheroomsinthehouserequire a beingcleanedb tocleanc cleaningd cleaned 3 thenewsreportershurriedtotheairport only thefilmstarshadleft a totellb tobetoldc tellingd told 1 不定式在介词but except besides otherthan后面时 如果这些介词之前有行为动词do 非助动词 的各种形式时 那么这些介词后面的不定式不带to 否定带to but 不定式的用法 e g shecoulddonothingbutcry whatdoyouliketodobesidesswim ihavenochoicebuttowait therewasnothingformetodootherthanwaituntilthemeetingwasover ihadnothingtodobutwatchtv 2 当句子的谓语动词是can t can thelp can tchoose等结构时 but except besides后的不定式to也省略 e g wecan tbutadmirehisbravery wecan tchoosebutwait sheissuchalovelygirlthatican thelpbutloveher 注意 but作 除了 以外 解时 若前面部分有do did done时 but之后接dosth 反之 后接todosth hecandonothingbutwait hewantednothingbuttoplayinthepark 1 sandycoulddonothingbut tohisteacherthathewaswrong a admitb admittedc admittingd toadmit let strysomeexercises 2 howdidyouspendyourweekend jone ididn tfindanythinginterestingforme somewashinginsteadofmymother a butdidb butdoc butdoingd buttodo 3 thestudentsdidnothingexcept alldaylong a playedb playingc playd toplay puttheverbsinbracketsintothecorrectinfinitiveforms itisfrightening walk intheroadinasandstorm ihopeireachhomesoon 2 expertshope learn moreaboutthemovementofsandstorms tobewalking tolearn somemoreexercises 3 i dlike tell aboutthesituationbeforenow 4 theworkneeds complete bytheendoftheweek 5 myfatherwasoutofthecitywhenthesandstormcame hewasveryglad miss it tohavetold tobecompleted tohavemissed 6 thebuildinghas finish bytheendoftheyear 7 see arealsandstormwasveryfrightening tobefinished tosee ican thelp buthopethattheywillsucceed 2 ican thelpbutthink tothinkthatitwasamistake 3 ican tchose choosebutdoit underlinethecorrectanswer hedoesnothingbutcomplaining complain 5 ican thelpbuttolove loveher 6 theworkersdonothing notbutdrinkteaandtalktoeachother 从a b c d四个选项中 选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项 1 thecrowdcheeredwildlyatthesightofliuxiang whowasreported theworldrecordinthe110 meterhurdlerace 辽宁2007 a breakingb havingbrokenc tohavebrokend tobreak c 高考链接 2 whenaskedwhyhewentthere hesaidhewassentthere foraspaceflight 江西2007 a trainingb beingtrainedc tohavetrainedd tobetrained3 theprojectasplanned we llhavetoworktwomorehoursaday 湖南2008 a completingb completec completedd tocomplete d d 4 thedirectorhadherassistant somehotdogsforthemeeting 2008全国卷ii a pickedupb picksupc pickupd pickingup c 综合练习 用括号内所给动词或短语的适当形式填空 1 i msorryican tattendyourwedding forihaveanimportantmeeting attend 2 theworkersweremade work overfourteenhoursaday 3 yoursuitisabitsmallonyou youseem puton weight toattend towork toputon 4 tomdidnothingexcept wait beforehisparentscamehome 5 what sthematterwithtom oh hiscellphonewasleftinataxiacciden