高中英语 定语从句课件 新人教版.ppt

定语从句 定语从句在句中起定语作用 修饰某一名词或代词 定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词 定语从句放在先行词后面 引导定语从句的词称为关系词 关系词分为关系代词和关系副词 关系代词有who whom that whose which as 关系副词有where when why 定语从句分为两类 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 限制性定语从句是主句中的先行词不可缺少的定语 不可用逗号分开 非限制性定语从句只对主句中的先行词作附加说明 关系不密切 主句与从句之间用逗号分开 不能用that连接 关系代词的使用 1关系代词的基本用法 2介词 关系代词 3用that不用which的情况 代表人 代表物 定语从句中关系代词的使用 1 who whom that指人作宾语可省略 2 如介词提前指人只能用whom不能用who且不能省略 theman whom who that ispoketoismr li themantowhomispokeisprofessorli towho that thisisthemountain that which itoldyouabout 1 that which指物 作宾语可省略 2 介词提前时只能用which不能用that且不能省略 介词 关系代词 1 指人 指物 2 选择恰当的介词 whom which 补全法 1 介词与定语从句中的动词形成搭配 2 介词与先行词形成搭配 fillintheblankswithproperprepositions 1 thestudent whomweweretalkingjustnowisthebeststudentinourclass 2 i llneverforgettheday whichshesaidgood byetome 3 whocangivemethereason whichhehasn tarrivedyet about on for talkabout ontheday forthereason 1 doyouknowwholivesinthebuilding thereisawell 井 a infrontofitb infrontofwhosec infrontofwhichd infrontwhich2 jeannewasheroldfriend sheborrowedanecklace a fromwhob fromwhomc tothatd towhom3 thesecondworldwar millionsofpeoplewerekilledendedin1945 a inwhichb inthatc whered onwhich4 alecaskedthepoliceman heworkedtocontacthimwhentherewasanaccident a withhimb whoc withwhomd whom that和which在指物的情况下一般都可以互换 但在下列情况下 一般用that而不用which iamsureshehassomething that youcanborrow i vereadallthebooksthatarenotmine thisisthefirstbook that hehasread thisistheverybookthatbelongstohim 1 先行词为all everything nothing something anything little much等不定代词时 2 先行词被all every no some any little much等修饰时 3 先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时 4 先行词被theonly thevery thelast修饰时 itisthebestbook that ihaveeverread 5 当有两个或两个以上分别表示人和物的先行词时 这个定语从句要用that而不用who whom 和which引导 hetalkedabouttheteachersandschoolsthathehadvisited 6 先行词是疑问词who which what时 定语从句用that而不用who whom 和which引导 whoisthepersonthatisstandingatthegate whichofusthatknowssomethingaboutphysicsdoesnotknowthis 1 thisisall iknowaboutthematter a thatb whatc whod whether2 isthereanythingelse youwant a whichb thatc whod what3 thelastplace wevisitedwasthegreatwall a whichb thatc whered it 4 pleasetakethesecondchair isoverthere a whereb whichc whod that 5 isoxygentheonlygas helpsfireburn a thatb c whichd it 6 finally thethiefhandedeverything hehadstolentothepolice a whichb whatc whateverd that 关系副词的用法 关系副词 when 状语 where 状语 why 状语 时间 地点 原因 一般情况 可以与介词 关系代词替换 1 haveyouvisitedthehouse thefamouswriterwasborn a inthatb wherec whend onwhich 2 doyoustillremembertheday wefirstmet a thatb onthatc whered when 3 ishallneverforgetthosedays ilivedinthecountrywiththefarmers a that b when c which d when 5 afterlivinginparisforfiftiesyearshereturnedtothesmalltown hegrewupasachild a whichb wherec thatd when6 thefilmbroughtthehoursbacktome iwastakengoodcareofinthatfar awayvillage a untilb thatc whend where 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 限制性定语从句对先行词起限制 确定的作用 是先行词不可缺少的定语 如果省去 主句的意思就会不完整 不明确或不合逻辑 这种定语从句和主句之间不能用逗号隔开 themanwhocamehereyesterdayhascomeagain 非限制性定语从句和先行词关系松散 只是对先行词作附加说明 如果省去 主句的意思仍然完整或清楚 这种定语从句和主句之间须用逗号隔开 helivesinanothertown whichisonlyaboutanhour sridefromhere soontheyarrivedatafarmhouse infrontofwhichsatasmallboy 注意 引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词不可用that 指人时用who 主语 whom 宾语 指物时须用which as和which引导非限制性定语从句的区别 关系代词as和which都能引导非限制性定语从句代表整个句子内容 as引导的定语从句可位于句首或句末 which引导的定语从句却不能位于句首 asisknowntoall taiwanisapartofchina hewaslateforschool asoftenhappened 对这两个词作如下归纳 1 如果定语放主句后 可用as也可以用which hefailedtopasstheexam as which isnatural grammarisnotadeadrule which as ihavesaidbefore 2 如果从句在主句前 这时要用as而不用which引导定语从句 asweallknow hisparentswerekilledinthewar 3 as代表前面主句意思时 有 正如 之意 而which没有此意思 从句中的动词常是expect know see think want suppose等 以及与表示习惯性或司空见惯的usuallyhappened beoftenthecase连用时需用as hewonthematch asweha