高中英语 虚拟语气课件 新人教选修6.ppt

虚拟语气 thesubjunctivemood 语气 英语的动词一般可带有三种不同的语气 陈述语气 祈使语气和虚拟语气 不同的语气用动词的不同形式 有的还借助句法形式 来表示 语气 陈述语气 theindicativemood 用来陈述一个事实 或提出一个看法 有肯定 否定 疑问或感叹等形式 peoplegetaidsafterhavingbeeninfectedwithhiv hermotherdidnotknowthatshehadaidsuntilafterxiaohuawasborn howshouldweacttowardspeoplewhohaveaids whatabravegirl 语气 祈使语气 theimperativemood 用来表示请求 邀请 命令 警告或劝告等 letmedoit pleasekeepquietinthereadingroom 虚拟语气 虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式 一是用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实 而是一种假设 猜测 怀疑等 在条件从句中或让步状语从句中 一是表示说话人的愿望 要求 命令 建议等 在宾语从句 表语从句 同位语从句 虚拟语气的概念 虚拟语气 一 在条件从句中 叫虚拟条件句 表示与事实相反的条件 分三种情况 以do为例 虚拟语气在在条件从句中 虚拟语气 例句 要是你早来几分钟的话 你就能见到他了 ifyouhadcomeafewminutesearlier youwouldhavemethim 与过去事实相反 2 明天要是天气好的话 我来看你 ifitwere weretobe shouldbe sunnytomorrow iwouldcometoseeyou 与将来事实可能相反 3 假如我是你的话 我现在就走 ifiwereyou iwouldgonow 与现在事实相反 事实上我不可能是你 虚拟语气在在条件从句中 if 主 did were 主 would should could might 动词原形 ifiwereyou iwouldtryitagain ifhewerefree hewouldgowithyou 1 如果我是你 我会再试一次 2 如果他有空 他会与你一起去的 3 如果我有一百万美元 我会买下这架飞机 ifihadonemilliondollars iwouldbuytheplane 与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句 if 主 haddonesth 主 would should could might 动词完成式 havedone ifhehadworkedhard hewouldhavepassedtheexamination 1 如果他努力学的话 他就通过这次考试 ifhehadbeenthere hecouldhaveseenthefilm ifihadmarriedher iwouldhavebeenunhappy 3 要是当时我和她结了婚的话 那我是很不幸的 2 如果他那时在那儿的话 他就能看到那部电影了 与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句 与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句 通常有时间状语 ifhecameheretomorrow iwouldtellhimaboutit 2 ifheweretocomeheretomorrow iwouldtellhimaboutit 3 ifheshouldcometomorrow iwouldtellhimaboutit 1 如果他明天来的话 我会告诉他这件事 if 主 did wereto shoulddo 主 would should could might 动词原形 虚拟语气 二 省略if的条件从句当从句中有were had或should时 可省略if 而把它们放在句首 ifiweretomeethimtomorrow ishouldaskhimaboutit wereitomeethimtomorrow ifheshouldfailintheexperimentthistime hewouldtryagain shouldhefailintheexperiment ifyouhadcomeafewminutesearlier youwouldhavemethim 虚拟语气在在条件从句中 hadyoucomeafew wereiyou iwouldtryitagain hadhebeenthereyesterday hewouldhaveseenthefilm shoulditsnowtomorrow wewouldn tgoout ifiwereyou iwouldtryitagain ifhehadbeenthereyesterday hewouldhaveseenthefilm ifitshouldsnowtomorrow wewouldn tgoout 虚拟语气 三 错综时间的条件句 交叉虚拟 即从句与主句的动作发生的时间不同 此时 需要按时间来确定虚拟形式 如 iftheyhadstudiedhard theycoulddoiteasilynow 如果他们以前努力学习的话 现在干的就会容易些 ifhehadnottakenmyadvice hewouldn tdoitmuchbetterlikethis 如果他不听取我的建议 他就不会干得这样好 虚拟语气在复合句中的应用 ifyouhadaskedhimyesterday youwouldknowwhattodonow ifithadrainedlastnight 过去 itwouldbeverycoldtoday 现在 虚拟语气 alan thepartyifhehadgonetolondon a wouldhavemissedb hadmissedc wouldmissd missed2 itwasthedrug notthedisease thatkilledtheboy hewouldbestillalivetodayifhe thatdrug a nottakeb shouldn thavetakenc didn ttaked hadn ttaken exercises ifyou tomorrow you findthenewmanagerworkingintheoffice a shouldcome wouldb wouldcome wouldc willcome shouldd comes might a iftheparents atthehospitalearlieraftertheaccident thechildwouldhavebeensaved a arrivesb arrivec hadarrivedd hasarrived c ididn tseeyoursisteratthemeeting ifshe shewouldhavemetmybrother a hascomeb didcomec camed hadcome d ifmylawyer herelastsunday he mefromgoing a hadbeen wouldhavepreventedb hadbeen wouldpreventc were wouldpreventd were wouldhaveprevented a ifhe he thatfood luckilyhewassenttothehospitalimmediately a waswarned wouldnothavetakenb hadbeenwarned wouldnothavetakenc wouldbewarned hadnottakend wouldhavebeenwarned hadnottaken b ifthedoctorhadcomeearlier thepoorchild a wouldn tbelyingtherefortwohoursb wouldn thavelaidtherefortwohoursc wouldn thaveliedtherefortwohoursd wouldn thavelaintherefortwohours d ifyouhadtoldmeinadvance i himattheairport a wouldmeetb wouldhadmeetc wouldhavemetd wouldhavemeet c iftherewerenotsubjunctivemood english mucheasier a willbeb wouldhavebeenc couldhavebeend wouldbe d theexam hewouldhaveattendacollege a ifhepassedb hadhepassedc werehepassedd ifheshouldpass b fiveminutesearlier youcouldhaveseenthemoff a ifyoushouldarriveb ifyouarrivec hadyouarrivedd shouldyouarrive c itraintomorrow weshouldhavetoputoffthevisittothesciencemuseum a wereb shouldc wouldd will b 1 theboywhowentswimmingintheno swimmingzonedrownedintheriver iftheboyhadn tgoneswimmingintheno swimmingzone hewouldn thavedrownedintheriver hadtheboynotgoneswimmingintheno swimmingzone hewouldn thavedrownedintheriver 2 billywasbadlybittenbymosquitoesbecauseheforgottousethemosquitonetlastnight ifbillyhadrememberedtousethemosquitonetlastnight hewouldnothavebeenbittenby hadbillyrememberedtousethemosquitonetlastnight hewouldnothavebeenbittenby 3 themothercarelesslyputtheknifewithinthebaby sreach andthebabycutherselfwhileplayingit ifthemotherhadcarefullyputtheknifeoutofthebaby sreach thebabywouldn thavecutherself hadthemothercarefullyputtheknifeoutofthebaby sreach thebabywouldn thavecutherself 4 thestudentsgotfood poisoningaftereatingthepotatoesinthedining room ifthestudentshadnoteatenthepotatoesinthedinning room theywouldn thavegotfood poisoning hadthestudentsnoteatenthepotatoesinthedinning room theywouldn thavegotfood poisoning 5 theparentsputthethermosontheground theirsonkickeditandgotburnt iftheparentshadputthethermosinasafeplace theirsonwouldn thavekickeditandgotburnt hadtheparentsputthethermosinasafeplace theirsonwouldn thavekickeditandgotburnt 虚拟语气 1 记住 这些动词后面接的宾语从句 表示愿望 wish 建议 suggest advice propose recommend 要求 demand request require insist 命令 order command 等 2 除wish外 其它动词用should do构成 should可以省略 3 wish接宾语从句有三种情况 1 现在 用过去式2 过去 用过去完成式 haddone 3 将来 用情态动词 would could do 虚拟语气在 在宾语从句中 虚拟语气 例句 1 我希望她能站在我一边 iwishshewouldbeonmyside 2 我但愿自己能年轻三十岁 iwishiwere30yearsyounger 3 我希望你能找到一个好职业 iwish that youwouldgetagoodjob 4 他想要是他没这样做该多好 hewishedhehadn tdoneit 5 他要求学生每周都要自己洗衣服 heorderedthatthestudents should washtheclotheseveryweekbythemselves 虚拟语气在 在宾语从句中 iwishirememberedtheaddress 我要是记得地址就好了 真可惜我忘了 iwishhehadnotleft 要是他没有离开这里就好了 他已离开 iwishitwouldraintomorrow 要是明天下雨就好了 说话人以预料明天不会下雨 wish thatclause did were haddone would might woulddo wish后面的宾语从句要用虚拟语气 exercises haveyouvisitedthesciencemuseum no butireallywishi a hadb didc haved will a ididn tgototheparty butidowishi there a wasb werec hadbeend went c iwishi youyesterday a seeb didseec hadseend weretosee c thepictureexhibitionboredmetodeath iwishi toit a hadn tgoneb haven tgonec didn tgod couldnothavegone a howiwishi that everybodypresentwasangrywithme a didn tgob hadn tdonec wouldn tdod wasn tdoing b heisabraveman yes iwishi hiscourage a haveb hadc willhaved wouldhave b tomcantakehiscarapartandputitbacktogetheragain icertainlywishhe mehow a teachesb willteachc hastaughtd wouldteach d 虚拟语气 4 记住 insist suggest各有两种意思 要用不同的语气insist表示 坚决要求 时 用虚拟形式 即should do insist表示 坚称 坚持说 时 用陈述语气 表示事实 suggest表示 建议 时 用虚拟形式 suggest表示 表明 暗示 时 用陈述语气 例句 theteachersuggestedthatwe should cleantheblackboardafterclass 老师建议我们课后把黑板擦了 heinsistedthatallofusshouldbethereontimebyanymeans 他坚持要我们大家想尽办法按时去那儿 heinsistedthathewasright 虚拟语气在 在宾语从句中 虚拟语气 在would had rather 宁愿 引导的宾语从句中当从句表示现在或将来的时间时 谓语动词要用一般过去时 表示过去时间时 谓语动词要用过去完成时 iwouldratherhe youcametomorrowthantoday 虚拟语气在 在宾语从句中 虚拟语气 主句的主语常是表示说话人愿望 wish desire 建议 suggestion advice 要求 requirement demand 命令 order command 等的名词 表语从句的谓语动词用 should do oursuggestionisthatyou should bethereontime 虚拟语气在在表语从句中 虚拟语气 同位语从句的先行词常是表示说话人愿望 建议 要求 命令等的名词 thesuggestionthatstudents should learnsomethingpracticalisworthconsidering doyouknowtheorderthatyou should takethetask 虚拟语气在在同位语从句中 虚拟语气 在句型 itisimportant necessary strange natural that 中 that后面的从句中的谓语动词用 should 动词原形 例句 it snecessarythatweshouldhaveawalknow 我们有必要出去散散步 it snaturalthatsheshoulddoso 她这样做是很自然的 it simportantthatweshouldtakegoodcareofthepatient 重要的是我们要照顾好病人 虚拟语气在在主语从句中 虚拟语气 在asif though从句中 常用虚拟形式 即表示与现在事实相反 用过去式 与过去事实相反用过去完成式 haddone 一 asif连接表语从句shelookedasifsheweremadeofice 她看起来似乎是冰做的helookedasifhehadn tsleptfortwodays 二 asif连接方式状语从句shelookedaftertheboyasifhewereherownson 她照顾这男孩就像自己的儿子一样 hespeakstousasifhehadbeenthere 他给我们讲的好象他去过那儿 虚拟语气在在asif从句中 whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater itlooksasifit a breaksb hasbrokenc werebrokend hadbeenbroken c theactoris58yearsold butheactsasifhe ayoungman a isb willbec amd were d thecloudsaregettingdarkeranddarker itlooksasifit rain a isgoingtob willc wasgoingtod would a 虚拟语气 1 ifonly意为 若是 那该多好啊 真希望 只要 只要 就好表示现在的情况 应用过去式 如果是过去的情况 应用过去完成时态ifonlyihadarrivedintime ifonlyshedidn tdrivesofast 2 it s high right timethat that从句要用虚拟语气 谓语用过去时或should doit stimethatyouleft shouldleavehere 虚拟语气中的几个特例 虚拟语气 3 一些介词短语 如 butfor 要不是 without otherwise 否则 等表示含蓄的条件 这时主句要用虚拟语气withoutyourhelp wewouldnothavemadesuchrapidprogress 虚拟语气中的几个特例 icouldnothavefulfilledthetaskwithoutyourhelp butformybrother shelp iwouldnothavefinisheditontime butforairandwater nothingcouldlive ihadtogoshopping otherwise imighthavehelped 虚拟语气 1 ifonlyi tomyparents butididn t a listenedb hadlistenedc shouldlistend wouldlisten2 tomsuggestedthatann thehouse a sellb soldc shallselld wouldsell3 iwishthisbus totheuniversity a gob wentc hasgoned hadgone 虚拟语气 4 simonlooksasthoughhenever asquaremeal 吃得饱 thoughhisparentsfeedhimverywell a getb gettingc gotd shouldget5 heistalkingsomuchaboutamericaasifhe there a hadbeenb werec wasd been6 i yousomemoney butihadn tgotanythen a wouldlendb wouldhavelentc couldlendd mayhavelent 虚拟语气 7 haveyoueverbeentobeijing no butiwishi a haveb willc dod had8 idon tthinkitistherighttimethatyou a willgob wentc god mustgo9 whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater itlooksasifit a breaksb hasbrokenc werebrokend hadbeenbroken 虚拟语气 12 2003上海春季高考题 lookatthetroubleiamin ifonlyi youradvice a followedb wouldfollowc hadfollowedd shouldfollow13 2002上海高考题 itishardformetoimaginewhatiwouldbedoingtodayifi inlove attheageofseven withthemelindacoxlibraryinmyhometown a wouldn thavefallenb hadnotfallenc shouldfalld weretofall14 sheinsistedthatshe illofhimbehindhim buthedidn tbelieveit a hadn tspokenb shouldn tspeakc wouldn tspeakd notspeak 虚