高考语法之一名词性从句复习讲与练.doc

高考语法之一 名词性从句复习讲与练在英语的句子结构中，本来该由名词充当的主 语、宾语、表语和同位语，由一个句子来充当,这个句子就叫:名词性从句。名词性从句包括四种从句即主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位词从句。名词性从句的特点：that 、who、 whom、 what 、whether及 when、 where引导名词性从句时必须是陈述句词序.一、主语从句: 通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。1.it作形式主语的四个主要句型1)It + be+名词词组(no wonder, an honor, a good thing, a pity, no surprise, etc.) + that从句Its a pity that we cant go . Its no surprise that our team should have won the game. 2)It +be +形容词(obvious, true, natural, surprising, good, wonderful, funny, possible, likely, certain, probable, etc.)+ that从句It is certain that she will do well in her exam. It is probable that he told her everything.3)It + be+ 过去分词(said, reported, thought, expected, decided, announced, etc.)+ that从句It is said that Mr. Green has arrived in Beijing. It is reported that China has sent another man-made earth satellite into orbit.4) It +不及物动词(seem, happen等) +that从句It seemed that Alice is not coming to the party at all. It happened that I was out that day.2.主语从句的主谓一致主语从句多表示单一概念,因此主句谓语动词多用单数.what 引导的从句根据表达的含义来确定谓语动词的单复数.When and where well go isnt decided. What we need are books/ is water.二、宾语从句注意：动词suggest(建议), insist(坚持,主张), prefer(宁愿), request(要求), require(要求,命令), demand(要求), order(命令), command(命令), advise(建议)等词后的宾语从句中, 谓语动词要用虚拟语气, 其构成是“should+动词原形”，其中should可省略It was suggested that more teachers should be sent there to help them. Tom insisted that his leadership be recognized by all the boys.三、同位语从句同位语从句一般用whether，that等词引导，常放在名词后面，说明该名词的具体内容。换言之，同位语从句和所修饰的名词在内容上为同一关系。1.同位语从句的先行词多为fact, news, idea, thought, question, reply, report, remark等, 关联词多用从属连词that.Where did you get the idea that I could not come? They were all very much worried over the fact that you were sick.2.同位语从句意义完整, 应用that;意义不完整需增加“是否”的含义,应用whether；需要增加“什么时候”、“什么地点”、“什么方式”等含义，应用when，where，how等词。I have no idea whether hell come or not. The question who should do the work requires consideration.3.表示“建议、命令、要求”的名词所跟的同位语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气（should+动词原形，should可省略）This is our only request that this (should) be settled as soon as possible. The general gave the order that the soldiers should cross the river at once.四、表语从句1. 由that引导，that不作成分，只起连接作用。2、由whether引导表示不确定，由because引导表示原因。The point is whether we should lend him the money. It is because I have ever heard of the story.当主句的主语为reason,或者是why由引导的从句时,与它们相关的表语从句用that来引导,而不能由because引导; because 引导表语从句时只能用于It/That/This is /was because.如: The reason why I was late was that I missed the train. I was late. It/That/This was because I missed the train.3. what, which, who, whom, whose等连接代词及when, where, how, why等连接副词既引导句子又充当一定的句子成分.The problem is who we can get to replace her. The question is how he did it. That was what she did this morning on reaching the attic. 4. as if常与look, seem, sound等连系动词连用.She looks as if she would cry.5.在一些表示“建议，劝说，命令”的名词后的表语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气。My suggestion is that we （should）start early tomorrow.注意下列情况：（一）、that不能省略的情况1)and连接两个宾语从句,that宾语从句放在and后Everybody could see what happened and that Tom was frightened.2)that引导的宾语从句作介词宾语时I know nothing about him except that he is from the south.3)that从句位于句首时That he ever said such a thing I simply dont believe.4)主句谓语动词与that从句之间有插入语时We decided, in view of his special circumstances, that we would admit him for a probationary.3.What与that的用法区别what在从句中作主语、宾语、表语,而that则不作句子成分.What you said yesterday is right. That she is still alive is good news. （二）、whether和if的用法区别通常,引导主语从句,表语从句,同位语从句用whether不用if1. It doesnt matter she will come or not. 2. The problem is she will have enough time.3. _ it is true remains a question.4. She doubt _ she will be successful .5.The question _ it is right or wrong depends on situation.6.We dont know _ or not she was ready.7. She hasnt decided _ to go.8. It all depends on _ they will support us.名词性从句一向是NMET中的重要考点.通过对近几年高考试题的分析,我们可以看出NMET名词性从句考点主要有以下六个方面: 考点之一:考查名词性从句中that与what的区别 考例: _ we cant get seems better than _ we have. A. What; what B. What; that C. That; that D. That; what 考点之二:考查名词性从句中的it作形式主语或形式宾语 考例1: _ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. A. There B. This C. That D. It 考例2: I hate _ when people talk with their mouths full. A. it B. that C. this D. them 考点之三:考查名词性从句的语序 考例:The photographs will show you _ . A. what does our village look like B. what our village looks like C. how does our village look like D. how our village looks like 考点之四:考查名词性从句中的whether, if以及that的区别 考例1: _ well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where 考例2: What the doctors really doubt is_ my mother will recover from the serious disease soon. A. when B. how C. whether D. why考例3: It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning gray. A. while B. that C. if D. for 考点之五:考查名词性从句中的疑问词+ever引导的名词性从句及其与no matter+疑问词引导的从句的区别 考例 1:It is generally considered unwise to give a child _ he or she wants. A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever 考例2: Sarah hopes to become a friend of _ shares her interests. A. anyone B. whomever C. whoever D. no matter who 考点之六:考查名词性从句的虚拟语气问题 考例:It is necessary that a college student _ at least a foreign language. A. masters B. should master C. mastered D. will master 专项检测】 1. After ten years, she changed a lot and looked different from _ she used to be. A. that B. whom C. what D. who2. Who do you think the doctor will have _ first, John or Kate? A. examine B. to examine C. examining D. examined3. What Re you anxious about? _. A. Whether we can succeed B. If we succeed C. Do we succeed D. That we can succeed4. Everything depends on _ they will support you about it. A. if B. which C. whether D. that5. Lily has some idea _ shes going to be when she grows up. A. what B. that C. as D. which6. _ happens to call while I am out of the office, please have him leave the message for me. A. Who B. Anyone C. Someone D. Whoever7. Would you like to have a swim with us in the sea? I will ask my palms _.A. whether they will agree to do B. if they let me go C. if they will let me go D. whether they allow me to8. The reason why I plan to go is _ if I dont. A. because she will be disappointed B. that she will be disappointed C. because she will have a disappointment D. for she will be disappointed9. I rang you at about ten, but there was no reply. Oh, that was probably _ I was seeing a doeth.A. when B. why C. what D. that10. That is _ I was born and grew up.A. there B. in which C. where D. the place11. Please tell me _ you would like to have your coffee black or white? A. what B. where C. when D. how12. I dont think _ Jenny can come home this weekend.A. if B. why C. that D. when13. _ get such a book?A. Where do you think can I B. Do you think where can IC. Do you think when I can D. Where do you think I can14. My foot hurts terribly, doctor. Well, I wonder _ it has been like this.A. since when B. since then C. how D. when15. Do you know _ Mr. Blacks address is? He may live at No. 18 or 19 Bridge Street. Im not sure of _.A. what; which B. where; which C. where; what D. what; where16. Those children me wild. I feel sorry for _ has to be their babysitter.A. whoever B. who C. whomever D. someone17. Do _ you think is right, _ they say. Yes. I_.A. as; what; do B. as; whatever; will C. what; what; can D. what; whatever; will18. Do you know _ the peasants make of the fallen fruit?A. how B. how useful C. what D. what use19. John has got a very good job in the government. _ he looks so happy.A. Its natural B. Thats because C. No wonder D. As though20. Do you mind if Jim will come to help? I really dont know _ a person like him can help me with.A. what B that C. how D. if21. It was said _ was all _ he said.A. that that; that B. that that what C. which it; that D. that what; that22. A mans worth lies not so much in _ he has but in _ he is.A. what; who B. what; what C. that; that D. what; all23. He was so angry at all _ he was doing _ he walked out.A. what; that B. that; that C. that; what D. what; what24. If the south had won the war,_ is now the United States might have been divided into several countries.A. what B. where C. then D. that25. It was with great courage _ the boy told the truth _ he had stolen the money.A. which; that B. when; what C. as; that D. that; that26. _ I cant understand is _ she wants to change her mind.A. What; why B. Which; bow C. That; whyD. What; because27. That was_ was first called “India” by Columbus.A. what B. where C. ale place D. then, where28. It is said that the famous football star is not waling to play for _ would pay him three million dollars a year. A. anyone B. whomever C. no matter who D. whoever29. Did you hear the news this morning? Oh, yes, _ was announced on the radio has caused great excitement among pupils.A. that B. what C. something D. all what30. In some countries, _ are called “public schools” are not owned by the public.A. which B. as C. what D. that31. _ happens in the world makes us happy and sad by turns.A. That B. What C. Which D. Whether32. One of the men present held the view _ the book said was fight.A. what that B. what C. that D. that what33. Living things are dying nut quickly. First, we should ask _ destroying them in the past years.A. what pad people have been playing B. people have played inC. what part people have played in D. people have been playing what part34. I remember_ the factory owned a small workshop and 2 machines.A. when B. how C. whether D. what35. _ people spend so much money on their pets _ us a lot. A. That; surprises B. What; surprising C. How; are surprised D. That; is surprised36. Now that you have a job, you must exert yourself in _ you do at work.A. however B. no matter what C. no matter howD. whatever37. Mary said it was very important to her that she _ her work.A. is liking B. like C. likes D. liked38. _ all the inventions have in common is _ they have succeeded. A. What; what B. That; that C. What; that D. That; what39. The boy dived into the water and after _ seemed to be a long time. he came up again.A. what B. that C. it D. which40. It was not until dark _ he found _ he thought was the correct way to solve the problem.A. that; what B. that; that C. when; that D. wheal what41. Professor Lees book will show you _ can be used in other fields. A. that you have obeyed B. how that yon have observe C. how that you have observed D. how what you have observed42. Scientists believe native Americans arrived by crossing the land bridge that connected Siberia and _ more than 10,000 years ago.A. this is Alaska B. Alaska is now C. is now Alike D. what is now Alaska43. Mr. Brown said that he was always right, then I discovered, _ was news to me, to _he was wrong. A. which; because B. which; as C. what; that D. it; that44. Why dont you bring _ to his attention that you are too busy to do it?A. this B. that C. what D. it45. We believe _ you have been devoted to _ naturally of great necessity.A. that; being B. all that; be C. that all; are D. what; is46. Having traveled eight hours on end, we finally reached _ is now a big city.A. which B. what C. where D. it47. She knew nothing about his journey _ he is likely to be away for three months.A. except B. except for C. except mm D. in addition48. All I want to say is _ we need more time.A. this B. it C. that D. which49. His ability has never been in doubt the question is _ he is prepared to work hard.A. whether B. if C. that D. where50. _ they were in truth sisters was clear from the facial resemblance between them. A. What B. That C. How D. Whether51. Where would you like to go? I dont mind _ I go; I will go _ you want to go. A. where; the place B. where; wherever C. the place; wherever D. wherever; no matter where52. Although _ happened in that developed country sounds like science fiction, it could occur elsewhere in the world. A. this B. what C. how D. it53. Im wondering _ he expects will win the gold medal in the mens Single.A. who B. whom C. which D what54. What is that building? _ the students have their dancing classes.A. The building that B. There C. Thats the building which D. Thats where55. I dont think that Bob will come here again today. Please give the book to _ comes here first.A. whoever B. whomever C. who D. whom56. We decided, in view of his special circumstances, _ we would admit him for a short period.A. / B. that C. whether D. what57. The doctors are trying to reduce the patients fear _he would die of the disease.A. which B. when C. that D. if58. It is strange that such a thing _ in your school.A. will happen B. happens C. should happenD. happened59. Is it true _ the rain stops, it will be as hot as in the summer here? (2006启东4月卷)A. when B. that when C. whenever D. that60. Nobody believed his reason for being absent from the class _ he had to meet his uncle at the airport. （2006重庆卷）A. whyB. that C. whereD. because61. Please remind me _ he said he was going. I may be in time to see him off. (2006全国卷I) A. whereB. when C. howD. what62. Its thirty years since we last met. But I still remember the story, believe it or not, _ we got lost on a rainy night. (2006四川卷)A. which B. that C. whatD. when【答案解析】1C。what he /she / it used to be已经成为一种习惯说法，意为“过去的样子”。what指一种情况，并非指人，所以不可用who/whom。正确答案是C。2D。who可以代替whom在句中作have的宾语。而examined和宾语存在被动关系，用作宾语补足语。正确答案是D。3A。主句承前省略，答案只保留了宾语从句，这样不管在意义和结构方面都要和宾语从句一致；由上下文情景可知A选项最佳。4C。depend on是固定词组“依靠”，其中介词on之后的宾语从句只可用whether引导。5A。idea是从句前面的先行名词；what引导同位语从句，在从句中作宾语。很明显从句部分是对前面先行名词的具体内容的进一步说明。正确答案6D。whoever表示“无论是谁”。正确答案是D。7C。本题考点是宾语从句。go是第一次出现，不可省略；是“父母亲让我去(let me go)”才合题意。正确答案是C。8B。the reason后面的表语从句中应用that而不是because引导。正确答案是B。9A。题意：“你十点钟打电话时”正是“我看医生之时”。在题干中用作表语从句。10C。where引导表语从句，B项不能引导表语从句，其他选项意思与题干不符。11D。加牛奶的咖啡为white coffee，所以black or white表示方式，这样以说明说话人想要表达的准确意义。正确答案是D。12C。本题考查宾语从句。Jenny can come home this weekend是个完整的句子，因此引导词用that。 13D。do you think为插入语，在含有插入语的句子中，谓语动词用陈述句语序。正确答案是D。14A。句意所缺部分表示“自从何时起”。when引导的部分说明的是一个时间点。15A。Whats ones address?是表示问某人地址的交际语，不可用when。which描指代十八或十九中的一个。16A。所缺引导词引导宾语从句且作has的主语。因此要使用主格，在从句中充当主语。17D。you think为插入语；whatever引导让步状语从句；I will表示将来的动作。正确答案是D。18D。make use of 中的use被当作了先行词。正确答案是D。19C。no wonder表示“难怪；怪不得”。后面的部分用作同位语从句。20A。本题考点是宾语从句。其中help sb. with sth.用法中的宾语由what充当。21A。本题考查 it + be + v-ed +that-从句。第一个空中的第二个that表示“那”，第二空中的that引导定语从句修饰all。正确答案是A。22B。he has和he is后分别需要宾语和表语，what引导从句。正确答案是B。23B。第一空中由that引导定语从句，第二空后是so . that.引导的结果状语从句。24A。what引导土语从句，吐在主句中用作主语。25D。第一空引导强调句，后一空引导同位语从句，其先行名词是truth，说明其具体内容。26A。what引导主语从句，且作understand的宾语，后一空表示原因。27A。本题考查主语从句。what引导主语从句，且作was called的主语。28，D。whoever引导宾语从句，且作would pay的主语。 29B。what引导主语从句，且作主语。30C。what引导主语从句，并在主语从句中作主语。句意为“在许多国家，所谓的公立学校并非公众所有”。31B。that引导主语从句只起连接作用，在从句中不作任何成分，无意义，但不能省略。what除引导主语外，还在从句中作成分。which指一定范围内的“哪一个”；whether意为“是否”。根据句意“世上的事喜忧交替”可知答案为B。32D。that引导同位语从句：what the book said是同位语从句中的主语。正确答案是D。33C。宾语从句应用陈述语序，play a part in意为“(在中)扮演角色，(在中)起作用”。34A。该属考查when