常用专业英文词汇.doc

电路原理专业词汇表Glossary of “Principles of Electric Circuits”Chapter 1 Elements and Laws of Electrical Circuits电路electrical circuit电路模型circuit model电源source负载load导线line开关switch电流current电荷electric charge电压voltage 电位potential电位差potential difference电位升potential rise电位降potential drop参考点reference point电动势electromotive force (e.m.f )电动势electromotive force 功率power能量 energy磁通链magnetic flux linkage线性电阻linear resistance电阻器/电阻resistor / resistance电导器/电导conductor / conductance电感器/电感inductor / inductance电容器/电容capacitor / capacitance伏安特性u-i characteristicvolt-ampere characteristic开路open-circuit短路short-circuit欧姆定律Ohms Law广义欧姆定律generalized Ohms Law参考方向reference direction电压极性voltage polarity正极positive polarity负极 negative polarity理想独立电压源ideal independent voltage source实际电压源physical source理想独立电流源ideal independent current source理想受控源ideal dependent / controlled source压控电压源voltage controlled voltage source(VCVS)压控电流源voltage controlled current source(VCCS)流控电压源current controlled voltage source(CCVS)流控电流源current controlled current source(CCCS)节点node支路branch回路loop路径path网孔mesh网络network基尔霍夫电流定律Kirchhoffs Current Law(KCL)基尔霍夫电压定律Kirchhoffs Voltage Law(KVL)闭合面closed boundary / closed surface集总参数lumped parameter集总参数电路lumped circuit集总参数元件lumped element分布参数distributed parameter分布参数电路distributed circuit直流direct current(DC)交流alternating current(AC)有源器件active element无源器件passive element无损电路lossless circuitChapter 2 Analysis methods to simple resistor circuits端钮terminal串联series connection分压voltage division并联parallel connection分流current division等效电阻equivalent resistanceY-变换Wye-Delta transformation入端电阻input resistance最大功率传输定理Maximum power transfer theoremChapter 3 Methods of Analysis支路电流法method of branch current节点法node analysisnode voltage method回路电流法loop analysisloop current method网孔电流法mesh analysismesh current method节点法Nodal Analysis回路电流法loop current method网孔电流法mesh current method外网孔outer mesh自导纳self-admittance互导纳mutual-admittance矩阵matrix行row列column参考节点reference node平面电路planar circuit方程equation消去法elimination technique克莱姆法则Cramers rule代入法substitution method运算放大器operational amplifier(op amp)同向输入端noninverting input反向输入端inverting input输出端output等效电路模型equivalent circuit model开环放大倍数open-loop gain闭环放大倍数closed-loop gain入端电阻input resistance输出电阻output resistance线性工作区linear region正向饱和区positive saturation反向饱和区negative saturation同向放大器noninverting amplifier反向放大器inverting amplifier加法器summing amplifier / summer积分器integrator微分器differentiator自激振荡self-excited oscillationChapter 4 Circuit Theorems叠加原理superposition principle齐性原理homogeneity property输入/激励input / excitation输出/响应output / response线性电路linear circuit代数和algebraic sum替代定理substitution principle戴维南定理Thevenins Theorem诺顿定理Nortons Theorem二端网络two-terminal circuit开路电压open-circuit voltage短路电流short-circuit current特勒根定理Tellegen Theorem功率平衡定理power-balancing theorem互易定理reciprocal theorem对偶原理principle of duality对偶元件dual element对偶图dual graph对偶电路dual circuitChapter 5 Nonlinear Circuit非线性电路nonlinear circuit非线性元件nonlinear element压控电阻voltage-controlled resistor流控电阻current-controlled resistor工作点operating point静态电阻static resistance动态电阻dynamic resistance小信号分析small-signal analysis小信号模型small-signal model分段线性化法piece-wise linear mthod数值解法numerical analysisChapter 6 First-order Circuit动态电路dynamic circuit一阶电路first-order circuit一阶微分方程first-order differential equation过渡过程transient process/ transient线性时不变电路linear time-invariable circuit单位阶跃函数unit step function单位脉冲函数unit pulse function单位冲激函数unit impulse function单位斜坡函数unit ramp function起始条件initial condition起始值initial value换路定则switch law零输入响应zero-input response零状态响应zero-state response稳态响应steady-state response暂态响应transient response时间常数time constant指数函数exponential function阶跃响应step response冲激响应impulse response自由响应natural response自由分量natural component强迫响应forced response强制分量forced component全响应complete response稳态值final value卷积积分convolution integration时域延迟time delay换路switching跳变现象jump phenomenon脉冲持续时间pulse duration脉冲重复周期repeating period of pulseChapter 7 Second-order Circuit二阶电路second-order circuit齐次微分方程homogeneous differential equation常系数微分方程constant coefficients equation特征方程characteristic equation特征根characteristic root特征值eigenvalue特征向量eigenvector特解particular solution通解general solution自然频率natural frequency衰减系数damping factor谐振角频率resonant frequency / undamped natural frequency谐振频率resonant frequency过阻尼情况overdamped case欠阻尼情况underdamped case临界情况critically damped case固有频率 natural frequency固有振荡角频率damping frequency/damped natural frequency衰减振荡damped oscillation无损lossless正弦响应sinusoidal response波形waveform实数real复数complex衰减attenuationChapter 8 Sinusoidal Steady-State Analysis复数complex幅值amplitude / magnitude相位phase相位差phase difference角频率angular frequency周期period频率cyclic frequency正弦sinusoidal余弦cosine初相角initial phase angle瞬时值instantaneous value最大值maximum有效值effective value root-mean-square valueu 领先 i u leads i by u 落后 i u lags i by 同相in phase反相opposite in phase实部real part虚部imaginary part直角坐标形式rectangular form极坐标形式polar form指数形式exponential form相量phasor参考相量reference phasor旋转相量rotating phasor电压三角形voltage triangle瞬时功率instantaneous power平均功率average power阻抗impedance阻抗角impedance angle阻抗三角形impedance triangle导纳admittance电抗reactance电纳susceptance感性inductive感抗inductive reactance感纳inductive suspectance容性capacitive容抗capacitive reactance容纳capacitive suspectance正弦稳态响应sinusoidal steady-state response时域time-domain相量域phasor-domain瞬时概率instantaneous power视在功率apparent power功率因数power factor (pf)复功率complex power功率三角形power triangle复共轭complex conjugate有功分量active component有功功率active power无功分量reactive component无功功率reactive power最大功率传输定理Maximum Power Transfer Theorem功率守恒定理Theorem of conservation of power阻抗匹配impedance matching共轭匹配conjugate matchingChapter 9 Magnetically Coupled Circuits耦合couple互感mutual inductance自感self-inductance磁通magnetic flux互感电压mutual / induced voltage线圈coil铁心线圈coil with iron core匝数turn耦合系数coupling coefficient变压器transformer空心变压器air-core transformer原边primary coils / windings副边secondary coils / windings引入阻抗reflected impendence理想变压器ideal transformer全耦合unity coupling coefficient全耦合变压器unity-coupled transformer变比turns ratio / transformation ratio自耦合变压器auto-transformer多绕组变压器multiple-winding transformer激磁电感magnetizing inductance右螺旋定则right-handed screw rule同名端dotted terminalterminals of same magnetic polarity漏感leakage inductanceChapter 10 Resonance串联谐振series resonance并联谐振parallel resonance谐振频率resonant frequency特性阻抗characteristic impedance品质因数quality factor频率响应frequency response选择性selectivity选频特性frequency-selection characteristicChapter 11 Frequency Response复频率complex frequency网络函数network function转移函数transfer function多项式polynomial极点pole零点zero波特图Bode plot分贝decibel增益gain对数logarithm半对数semilog转折频率corner / break frequency截止频率cut-off frequency带宽bandwidth无源滤波器passive filter有源滤波器active filter低通滤波器low-pass filter高通滤波器high-pass filter带通滤波器band-pass filter带阻滤波器band-stop / band-reject / notch filterChapter 12 Three-phase Circuits对称三相电源balanced three-phase sources三相电源three-phase sources对称三相电路symmetrical three-phase circuit中线neutral line中性点neutral point三相四线制three-phase four-wire system相电压phase voltage线电压line voltage相序phase sequence正序positive / abc sequence负序negative / acb sequence相电流phase current线电流line currentChapter 13 Steady-State Response of Periodic Excitation信号signal周期函数periodic function周期性非正弦激励nonsinusoidal periodic excitation三角形式的付里叶级数trigonometric Fourier series指数形式的付里叶级数exponential Fourier series付里叶系数Fourier coefficient基波fundamental harmonic基波频率fundamental frequency谐波harmonic wave高次谐波higher harmonic频谱frequency spectrum谱线spectrum line线状频谱line spectrum奇次odd奇次谐波oddharmonic偶次even偶次谐波even harmonic奇对称odd symmetry偶对称even symmetry半波对称half-wave symmetry帕斯瓦尔定理Parsevals theoremChapter 14 Fourier Transformation and Laplace Transformation付里叶变换Fourier transformation拉普拉斯变换Laplace transformation原函数original function象函数transform function积分变换integral transformation频域frequency domain幅度谱amplitude spectrum相位谱phase spectrum矩形脉冲rectangular pulse线性性质linearity时域微分time differentiation时域积分time integration时域平移time shift频域平移frequency shift拉普拉斯反变换inverse Laplace transformation拉普拉斯变换对Laplace pairsChapter 15 Two-port Networks端口port二端口网络two-port network四端网络four-terminal network / quadripoleZ参数impedance parametersY参数admittance parametersH参数Hybrid parametersT参数Transmission parameters短路导纳short admittance开路阻抗open impedance策动点driving point(二端口)级联cascade connection传播常数transmission constant衰减系数attenuation constant相位系数phase constant回转器 gyrator复合二端口composite two-portChapter 16 Basis of Network Graph Theory图graph拓扑图topological graph子图subgraph连通图connected graph有向图oriented graph树tree树支tree branch连支link割集cut set降阶关联矩阵reduced incidence matrix增广矩阵augmented matrix秩rank基本回路矩阵fundamental loop matrix基本割集矩阵fundamental cut set matrix单位阵unit matrix转置阵transposed matrix正定矩阵positive definite matrix非奇异矩阵nonsingular matrix逆矩阵inverse matrix方阵square matrix零矩阵zero matrix行列式determinantChapter 17 State Variables Approach状态变量 state variable状态方程state equation输出方程output equation状态空间state space列向量column vector特征值characteristic value特征向量characteristicvector特征方程characteristicequation相似矩阵similar matrix状态转移矩阵state transition matrixChapter 18 Non