初中语法总结及练习__形容词或副词.doc

初中语法总结及练习四形容词或副词形容词形容词一般放在_前定语, 还可接在些_动词(如感官动词、be动词)后作表语，此外还可做宾语补足语（keep the classroom clean）。大多数形容词既可作表语又可作定语。但少数形容词不能作定语，只能作表语。如：asleep, ill, awake等。形容词的位置1)前置形容词词序是：限定词（冠词、物主、序数词、不定）数词描述形容词（beautiful） 特征形容词（形、年、颜、地、质）名词如：those _tables 那些圆形黑色的大木桌2)形容词后置 形容词修饰复合不定代词时；当形容词后有介词或介词短语时;形容词+enough等; 以-able和-ible结尾的形容词置于前有最高级或only等的名词之后 如：only solution possible副词副词一般修饰动词、形容词、及副词，它们有的有实义，有的则只表强调一、副词主要有下列几类：1) 时间副词：now, then, before, ago, yet, early, soon, since, still, just, already, usually ,always, often ever, never, hardly2) 地点副词：here, there, in ,out, inside, outside, (turn) over, (look) around, above, everywhere, anywhere, somewhere3) 方式副词hard, well, badly, fast, slowly, angrily, simply, carefully 4) 程度副词：almost, enough, very, so, much(强调), too(to) , rather, quite5) 疑问副词：when, where, why, how 补：疑问代词: who, whom, whose, what ,which6) 关系副词：when, where, the reason why （引导定语从句）有些形容词也是以-ly结尾的。如：_ 可爱的，_ 友好的，_ 笨的，_ 生动的有些词可以作副词，也可作形容词。如：high, late, long, clear, cheap, clean, straight, close, fast, early, hard二、一些常见副词用法的区别ago与before ago用于_时，与时间段连用。before用于_时，与时间点连用。He _(come) back an hour ago. They_(have) their supper before I _(come) back home. (ago以现在为起点, before以过去起点) too 与 enough too 用于形副前，表示“太，过分”。This river is too dangerous for the children _ (swim) in. 注意：too 与某些形容词如 eager(渴望的)，easy(容易的)，ready(准备的)，kind(好的)，anxious(焦急的)等连用时，其后的不定式不含否定的意思。这时 too 相当于very。You are too kind to show me the way. enough作副词时，放在被修饰的形、副或动词的后面。如：eat enough much too 与 too much：much too 用于修饰形容词或副词，强调“实在”或“太”的语气。Its much too expensive! too much 用于修饰不可数名词，其本身也可以作代词或副词使用。drink too much so 与 such so 用于修饰_词或_词，意为“如此地”；而such用于修饰名词(such 为形容词)，意思是“如此的”。so 可以用于修饰many、much、few、little等与名词构成的短语，但不能用such。Theres so little time left that we have to take a taxi to the railway station. so/such记忆口诀：名前such，形副 so，多多少少也用so。 Little属特殊，“小”用 such，“少”用 so。quickly, fast 和 soon quickly 意思是指某一动作“迅速完成”，含有“毫不耽误”的意思；而 fast 则是强调某运动速度之快；soon 的含义主要是指未来将要发生的动作(或状态)或是过去短时间之后发生的动作(或状态)。drive so _，write to me _, stand up _how often, how long 和 how soon 这三个都是针对时间提问的疑问词组，但意义不同。How often 强调频率，通常用于一般现在时或一般过去时。 答话经常是 every other day, every two days 等。 How soon 是指还要多长时间才能发生某一动作或达到某种状态，通常用于一般将来时，回答经常用 in+时间段（表将来）如：in two hours, in a few days 等。How long是强调动作或状态持续多长时间，通常用于完成时或持续性动词的一般现在时。回答一般是 for a long time等。almost 与 nearly 可通用，都可以修饰名词、形容词或动词，表示“_”。如：Almost catch the train。表示全部肯定或全部否定的词，如all, every, no, never, nothing, nobody, none 等可以用almost 修饰而不能用 nearly。There were almost no (hardly any) people on the train this morning. 此处almost no=hardly any.形容词与副词比较级及最高级的用法形、副词有三个比较等级，即原级、比较级、最高级一、 它们的基本用法1)原级常用于“as+原级+as”结构, not as(so)+原级 as, as+原级+a(an)+名词(可数)+as”或“as+原级+名词(不可数)+as” 2)比较级常用于“比较级than”结构3)最高级常用于“the 最高级比较范围”结构 注：比较级和最高级的变化形式有两种：-er, -est; more-, most-; 以后辍-ly的副词须用more和most。二、比较等级的其它用法1)比较级前可用much, even, still, a little, a bit, a lot, any, far 等修饰，表示“得多”，“甚至”，“更”，“一点儿”。2)比较级前可用“数词名词构成的名词短语表示确定的度量 如3 years older3)more than作为固定词组意谓“_”，常用于数词之前 more than=over4)表示“越来越”用“比较级and比较级”结构或“more and more+原级”。这种结构不可后接than从句 如：faster and faster, more and more developed5)表示“越,就越”常用 “the+比较级, the比较级”结构6)形容词最高级表示“最之”时，可用“one of+the+形容词最高级+复数名词” 的结构。其后可带 of 或 in 等短语(表明比较的范围)。7)注意：一些比较级句型也可以表示最高级。 原级：No other city is as_ (large) as Shanghai in China . /比较级：Shanghai is _ (large) than any other _ (city) in China . / Shanghai is larger than the other _ (city) in China .No other city is larger than Shanghai in China . None of us is taller than him. (=He is the tallest of us.)Nothing is _ (important) than this. 三、几种特殊用法(1)表示倍数：倍数+as+原级+as Our school is twice as_ (big) as yours.(2)表示差数：数词+名词+比较级+than You are two kilos _ (heavy) than I.(3)表示“相同”：the same+名词+as You are the same age as_ (I).(4)表示不如：less+原级+than She jumps _ (little) high than Susan.(5)表示比喻 : as +形容词 + as B as busy as bee as cold as ice as bright as day 专项练习1. Many people have helped with canned food, however, the food bank needs _ for the poor. Amore Bmuch Cmany Dmost2. In that case, there is nothing you can do _ than wait. Amore Bother Cbetter Dany3. I am surprised that you should have been fooled by such a （an）_trick. Aordinary Beasy Csmart Dsimple4. All the people _ at the party were his supporters. A. present B. thankfulC. interestedD. important5. It was raining heavily. Little Mary felt cold, so she stood _ to her mother. A. closeB. closelyC. closedD. closing6. Im very with my own cooking. It looks nice and smells delicious. Mm, it does have a smell. A. pleasant; pleased B. pleased; plcasedC. pleasant; pleasant D. pleased; pleasant 7. - You dont look very .Are you ill? - No, Im just a bit tired. AgoodBwellCstrongDhealthy8. Mr. Smith used to smoke_ but he has given it up. A seriouslyB heavily C badlyD hardly9. If you cant come tomorrow, well _ have to hold the meeting next week. A yet B even C rather D just10. There at the door stood a girl about the same height _. A. as me B. as mine C. with mineD. with me 11. _, some famous scientists have the qualities of being both careful and careless.A. Strangely enough B. Enough strangely C. Strange enough D. Enough strange12. John is very lazy. He falls _ behind in his studies. A. very B. far C. more D. still 13. To understand the grammar of the sentence, you must break it into parts. Adown BupCoffDout 14. Letterboxes are much more _ in the UK than in the US, where most people have a mailbox instead.A. common B. normal C. ordinary D. usual15. I thought she was famous, but none of my friends have _ heard of her. A. even B. ever C. just D. never16. We always keep _ spare paper, in case we ran out.A. too much B. a number of C. plenty of D. a good many17. After two years research, we now have a _ better understanding of the disease. A. very B. far C. fairlyD. quite18. In spite of repeated wrongs done to him, he looks _ to people greeting him. A. friendly B. lively C. worried D. cold19. I havent seen Ann for _ long that Ive forgotten what she looks like.A. such B. very C. so D. too20. Although badly hurt in the accident, the driver was _ able to make a phone call. A. still B. even C. also D. ever21. While we were watching the play, I_noticed a man with a funny look. A. usually B. suddenly C. quickly D. carefully22. Would you please tell me the result of the exam, Miss White ?You did quite well. Youve made _ mistakes.A. few B. a few C. little D. a little23. Jim sat _ to his mother with his eyes half _ .A. closed; opened B. close; open C. closely; opening D. closely; opened24. The _ river water goes 450 kilometers out to sea.A. pure B. new C. sweet D. fresh25. Two of the children have to sleep in one bed, but the other three have _ ones. A. separate B. double C. different D. lonely26. The manager wanted to know who wasnt _ for the office.A. good B. bad C. fit D. well27. A mistake is not serious unless it is _.A. made B. well-knownC. great D. repeated28. Mary said that she was _ able to wash the plates herself.A. too B. quite C. much D. very29. Since he began work, he hasnt _ asked his father for money.A. greatlyB. very much C. badly D. ever30. I couldnt go to the party because of a _ cold.A. quick B. surprisingC. sudden D. hurried31. I have been looking for you everywhere. This is the _ place in the world I would have expected to find you.A. right B. last C. just D. only32. This box is_ that one.A. heavy than B. so heavy than C. heavier as D. as heavy as 33. When we speak to people, we should be _.A. as polite as possible B. as polite as possibly C. as