八年级下册英语Unit6单元导学案.doc

Unit6 How long have you been collecting shells ?第一课时Section A(1a-2c)编写人： 审核组长： 审核领导： 学习目标：1. 学习现在完成进行时的用法。（它的动词形式、与它连用的时间和动词的特点等）2. 掌握现在完成进行时的句子。（肯定句、问句和否定句）要点精讲：1.现在完成进行时的动词形式：have/has +been+Ving2.它表示从过去某一时间开始一直持续到现在并可能延续下去的动作。 3.它的动词须为延续性动词，如：teach, live,wait, do, skate, work,sit, collect, play, study, learn等, 和它连用的时间是表示一段时间的短语，如for短语、since短语以及How long. e.g. I have been learning English for one and a half years. He has been learning English since 2009. 4.它的问句形式： (把have或has提前) Have/Has+主语+been Ving ? 它的否定句形式：（在have或has后加not） 主语+have/has not been Ving. 简略回答：Yes, I have. / He has. No, I havent./ He hasnt. 5.区分for与 since 的不同用法。二者都可以用来引导时间状语，用于现在完成进行时或现在完成时。1）for与表示一段时间的词或短语连用，谓语动词应是延续性动词。I have been teaching here for five years. 2）since意为“自从；自从以来”，后接表示某一时刻的词或短语或后接一般过去时的从句，主句中的动词应是延续性动词。重点短语：1. start class 2. be in class 3. your first skating marathon 4. a pair of 5. a pair of skates 重点句子：1) How long have you been skating ? 2) I have been skating for three hours. 3) He has been skating since he came here.巩固练习：用所给词的适当形式填空：run ,collect, for ,since, pair1. My hobby is _ shell.2. Mom, my shoes are old . Could you buy me a new _ ?3. She has been playing the piano _ she was 4 years old .4. Ive been studying English _ over 5 years .5. Was this your first _ marathon ?句型转换：1.I have been skating for 5 hours. （改为一般疑问句） _ you _ _for 5 hours ?2. She started playing tennis when she was 8 years old . （划线提问） _ _ she _ playing tennis ?3. I have been collecting leaves for two years.（改为同意句）I have been collecting leaves _ _ _ _ .4. He has been working since two hours ago . （改为否定句） He _ _ _ since two hours ago .5. He played computer games for 3 hours . （划线提问）_ _ _ he play computer games ?课堂检测 选择：1 Linda has been collecting stamps _she was six. A. while B. when C. since D. after2.This little boy _ for two hours . A. has been swimming B. swims C. swim D. is swimming3. “How long have you been collecting coins ? ” “_”A. Three years ago . B. After three years. C. Since three years D. For three years4.There _ a pair of sports shoes under the bed . A. is B. are C. has D. have Unit6 How long have you been collecting shells ?第二课时Section A(3a-4)编写人： 审核组长： 审核领导： 学习目标：1.理解3a中课文，掌握其中重要的短语和句子，达到活学活用。 2.继续巩固现在完成进行时的句子和用法。重点短语：1.talk to sb.=talk with sb. 2. raise money 3. raise money for charity 4.skating marathon 5. be the first ( one ) to do 6.the whole five hours 7.an hour ago 8. three and a half years = three years and a half重点句子：1.Sam has been skating for four hours 2. Students are skating to raise money for charity .3.For every hour they skate , each student raises ten yuan for charity .4. Alison was the first one to start .5. The skating marathon has been going for five hours . 语法精讲：1.each与everyeach指两个或两个以上的人、物中的“每一个”；every指三个或三个以上的人、物中的“每一个”。each强调个体；every强调整体,与all意思相似。each 除了形容词外，还能当代词使用，可以与of连用，而every只能做形容词。不能与of连用。Each为代词，可单独使用，接单数动词， e.g. Each of them has a book.他们每人有一本书。 They each have a drink .他们每人都喝了一杯。 Every boy knows that.每个男孩都知道那件事。 2. raise“筹集” raise sth.for sb./sth. “为某人/某事而筹集” raise money 募捐 3.It has been going for five hours. 其中going 为 “进行”之意。 4.whole与allwhole 一般放在冠词、物主代词等之后，而all放在它们之前。例如：all my life =my whole life ,the whole class=all the class 另外whole一般不修饰不可数名词或物质名词，修饰可数名词的复数时一般前面有数量词，有定冠词时，whole可放在数词之前，若无冠词，则位于数词之后。例如：three whole days三整天； the whole three days整整三天 5.several形容词，“数个的”，“几个的”，后接复数名词，不能接单数名词和不可数名词。巩固练习：单句改错1.They have been written in English for 3 years.2. When have you been doing that? 3. I have been making kites since I am 25 years old .4. She have been playing football for three years . 5. I have lived in Shanghai when twenty years ago课堂检测 汉译英 1.我们已经没有地方来储存硬币了。We have _ _ _ room to store coins .2.顺便问一下，你的爱好是什么？_ _ _ , whats your hobby ?3.我打乒乓球已经有三年半了。I have been playing pingpong for three and _ _ _ .4.我们班有五十多个学生。There are _ _ fifty students in our class .5.学生们正向慈善机构捐款。The students are _ _ _ charity.Unit6 How long have you been collecting shells ?第三课时Section B(1a-4)编写人： 审核组长： 审核领导： 学习目标：1. 理解3a课文，熟读课文。掌握其中短语和重要句子。 2.会谈论某人的爱好。重点短语：1. Thanks sb.for doing sth. 2 . send sb.sth. =send sth. to sb. 3. the globe of the monster 4. in fact 5. 226 of them 6. run out of 7. run out 8. around the apartment 9. globes with animals 10. a big globe with bears in it 11. anyone else 12. start a snow globe collectors club 13. tell sb. about sth. 14. by the way 15. the most common hobby 16. on my seventh birthday重点句子：1. How long have you been collecting kites ? I have been collecting kites for seven years.2. Weve run out fo room to store them .3. Whats your hobby ? My hobby is collecting old coins .要点精讲：1.run out 与 run out of run out用完，其主语通常为时间、食物、金钱等的名词。His money soon ran out .他的钱很快用完了。run out of 用完，表示主动含义，主语一般是人。He is always running out of money before payday. 他总是发工资的日子还没到就把钱花完了。2. need to do 与need doingneed to do和need doing都表示“需要做某事”。当主语是人时，通常用need to do ；当主语是物时，用need doing . need doing还可以用need to be done来替换。 e.g. We need to tell him the truth. 我们需要告诉他真相。The flowers need watering .这些花需要浇水。His leather shoes need to be mended . 他的皮鞋需要修补。 need 作情态动词时，通常用于疑问句和否定句中，其后接动词原形。它无人称和数的变化。e.g. Need I finish the homework first ?练习题：1.This pen doesnt look good。 Can you show me _ one ? A. other B. others C. another D. the others 2. My hobby is _ books. A. reading B. read C. seeing D. see 3. The machine didnt work because petrol (汽油) _. A. ran out B. ran out of C. running out D. running out of 4.Your tea ,please . There must be _ in the tea . It tastes sweet . A. anything sweet B. nothing sweet C. something sweet D. everything sweet 用方框中所给短语的适当形式填空 run out of , by the way , be interested in , in fact ,more than 1. My grandmother _ Beijing Opera very much .2. There are _ 5 hundred people in the supermarket .3. _, Whats the time now ?4. We cant buy that coat because we have _ the money .5. _ , we should believe him. Hes hareworking .Unit6 How long have you been collecting shells ?第四课时Self-check编写人： 审核组长： 审核领导： 学习目标：1. 通过完成前一部分的习题，掌握一些重要短语，并会写求职信（介绍自己的学习经历）。 2阅读Section2课文，理解课文，掌握其中一些重要短语。重要短语： 1. win the prize 2. be interested in 3 .the capital of Heilongjiang Provice 4 . a city with a colorful history 5. some of the old buildings 6. be in Russian style 7. learn sth. about sth. 8. be surprised 9. the first Jews 10. tell sb. about sth. 11. more than 12. far from重要句子：1. I have been teaching in China for two years . 2. It was very interesting for me to learn that 3.Chinese history was very hard to understand. 4. The more I learn about Chinese history , the more I enjoy living in China .阅读Section2课文后完成下列各题： ( ) 1. Leo works as a _ in China . A. student who learns Chinese history . B. student who learns Australian history. C. teacher D. student who learns western history ( )2. Leos parents were very surprised to hear that a lot of _ came to live in Harbin Many years ago . A. Russians B. Australians C. Jews D. European ( )3. When did Leo begin to learn Chinese history ? A. After he came to China. B. many years ago . C. When the first Jews came to China. D. Before he came to China ( )4. _ thought it was hard to learn China history . A. Leo B. Leos friends C. Jews D. The students in China ( )5. Which of the followings is true ? A. When you are in Harbin , you ll feel like you are in Europe. B. Befor