备课10 形容词和副词.doc

形容词和副词 一、考点聚焦1、形容词、副词的作用与位置形容词是用来修饰名词的，常被放在名词前作定语，或放在系动词后面作表语。而副词则用来修饰形容词、动词，其他副词或者句子，一般位于形容词之前，动词之后或句子之首。以下属几种特殊情况，须牢记；（1）形容词短语作定语，定语要后置。如：a language difficult to master；a leaning tower about 180 feet high（2）表语形容词（afraid、alike、alone、asleep、awake、alive等）作定语，定语后置。如a man alive。有些表身体健康状况的形容词如well、ill只作表语。sick既可作表语又可作定语，ill如作定语意为“bad”。（3）用作定语，修饰由不定代词one、no、any、some和every构成的复合词如anything、something等时，通常后置。如：I have something important to tell you.（4）else常用作疑问代词和不定代词的后置定语。如：where else something else（5）enough、nearby修饰名词前置或后置，程度副词一般位于形容词、副词前面，enough修饰形容词、副词时，必须后置。（6）几个副词并列作状语时，其顺序较灵活，但一般是：方式地点时间。如：We had a good time together outdoors last Sunday.（7）频度副词如often、always、usually等在be动词后，行为动词前。（8）副词作定语，定语后置。如：The person there is waiting for you.（9）几个并列的形容词作定语，其语序通常为：限定语（The、A）+ 描绘性形容词 + size（大小）+ shape（形状）+ age（年龄、时间）+ color（颜色）+ origin（国籍、来源）+ material（材料）+ purpose（目的）+ 名词。如：a heavy black Chinese steel umbrella,the mans first tow interesting little red French oil paintings（10）以-ly结尾的词性辨析。 下列单词以-ly结尾，但却是形容词而非副词：lively、lonely、lovely、deadly、friendly、ugly、silly、likely、brotherly、timely等。表原意（无-ly）和引申意(有-ly)的副词：deep深 wide宽广 high高 low位置低deeply深入地 widely广泛地 highly高度地 lowly地位卑微 有无-ly意义大不相同的副词：close近Dont sit close. closely密切地Watch closely! late晚、迟arrive late, come late lately最近I havent seen him lately(recently). 2、形容词和副词的比较等级（1）原级的构成和用法。构成：形容词、副词的原级即本身。用法：表示双方在程度、性质、特征等某方面相等时，用“as + 原级形容词/副词 + as”的结构；表示双方不相等时，用“not so(as) + 原级形容词/副词 + as”的结构；表示一方是另一方的若干倍时，用“倍数 + as + 原级形容词/副词 + as”的结构。如：Xiao Wang is as tall as Xiao Yu.This building looks not so (as)high as that one.Miss Xu speaks English as fluently as you .This room is three times as large as that one.（2）比较级和最高级的构成。掌握比较级和最高级的变化规则，熟记少数不符合规则的特殊形容词和副词。（3）比较级的用法。 对方比较，表示一方超过另一方时，用“比较级 + than”的结构表示。如：This picture is more beautiful than that one. 表示一方不及另一方时，用“less + 原级 + than”的结构表示。如： This room is less beautiful than that one. 表示一方超过另一方的程度或数量时，可在比较级前加表示程度的状语，如even、a lot、a bit、a little、still、much、far、yet、by fay等修饰。如：He works even harder than before.注意：英语的比较级前如无even、still或yet等时，译成汉语时可用“较”或“一些”或不译出，一般不可有“更”。如：She is better than she was yesterdayPlease come earlier tomorrow.另注意：by far通常用于强调最高级。用于比较级时，一般放在比较级的后面，如在前面，应在二者中间加“the”。如：He is taller by far than his brother.He is by far the taller of the two brothers. 表示一方随另一方的程度而变化时，用“the + 比较级（主语 + 谓语），the + 比较级（主语 + 谓语）”的结构（意为“越越”）。如：The harder he works, the happier he feels. 不与其他事物相比，表示本身程度的改变时，用“比较级 + and + 比较级”的结构。如：The weather is getting colder and colder.The girl becomes more and more beautiful. 倍数表达法。（A）A is three(four, etc.)times the size(height, length etc.)of B.这座新楼是那座旧楼的三（四）倍大（高）。The new bui9lding is four times the size(the height)of the old one.这座新楼比那座旧楼大三倍（高三倍）。（B）A is three(four, etc.)times as big(high, long, etc.)as B. Asia is four times as large as Europe.亚洲比欧洲大三倍。（C）A is three (four, etc.)times bigger(higher, longer, etc.)than B. Your school is three times bigger than ours.你们的学校比我们的学校大三倍。用times 表倍数通常用于三倍以上，两倍可以用twice或double.(4) 最高级的用法。 三者或三者以上相比，表示最高程度时，用“the + 最高级”的结构表示。这种句式一般常有表示比较范围的介词短语。如：Zhang Hua is the tallest of the three.He works(the)hardest in his class. 形容词最高级修饰作表语或介词宾语的名词、代词时，被修饰的词往往省略。如：He is the tallest(boy)in his class. 作状语的副词最高级前可以不加定冠词。如：Of all the boys he came(the)earliest.(5) 形容词和副词前面使用冠词的情况。 形容词最高级前一般要加定冠词，副词最高级前可不加冠词。 形容词最高级前有时加不定冠词，或不加冠词，不表比较，表示“非常”。如：He is a most clever young policeman.(a most=very)The film is most interesting.(most=very) 表示两者间“较的一个”比较级前加the。如：who is the older of the tow boys? 在“the + 比较级，the + 比较级”结构中。 在same前一般要加the。 有些形容词前加the 成为名词。如the poor、the rich 等。（6）由as / so组成的形容词或副词短语。 as much as + 不可数名词数量。Each stone weighs as much as fifteen tons.She could earn as much as ten dollars a week. as many as + 可数名词数量 多达I have as a many as sixteen reference books. as early as早在As early as the twelfth century the English began to invade the island. as far as远到；就而知（论）We might go as far as (走到)the church and back.As far as I know（就我所知），he has been there before. as as can be到了最的程度，极其They are as unreliable as they can be.他们极其不可信。 as as one canHe began to run, as fast as he could. as as possibleJust let them to finish the homework as quickly as possible.(7) 几组重要的词语辨析。 so that 与such that 的区别。s o + 形容词 / 副词 + that so + 形容词 + a（n）+ 单数可数名词 + that so + many / much / little / few + 名词 + that such + a(n)+ 形容词+单数可数名词 + that such + 形容词 + 不可数名词 + that such + 形容词 + 复数名词 + that 注意：下列结构中只能用so不可用such,当名词前有many、much、little、few等表示“多、少”的词修饰时，如 so much progress、so many people、so little food、so few apples等。但当little表示“小”时用such。如：These are such little boys that they cant dress themselves.下列so的用法是错误的：so a difficult problem, so difficult problems, so hot weather。 too、also、either: too和also用于肯定句，too多用于口语，also多用于书面语，either用于否定句。 good、well:与good不同的是，well作形容词，只能在系动词后作表语，表示“身体状况好”，也作副词修饰动词。 二、精典名题导解选择填空1. It is generally believed that teaching is _it is a science.（NMET 2001）A. an art much as B. much an art as C. as an art much as D. as much an art as2. It is always difficult being in a foreign country, _if you dont speak the language.(NMET 2000)A. extremely B. naturally C. basically D. especially3. Professor White has written some short stories, but he is _known for his plays.(NMET 1998)A. the best B. more C. better D. the most三、Exercises:1. John is_ cleverest boy in the school.A. far B. the far C. by far D. by far the 2. Actually, _he is, _he feels.A. the busier; happier B. busier; happier C. busier; the happier D. the busier; the happier 3. Mary is _of the two girls. A. a fatter B. fatter C. the fattest D. the fatter4. Tom is more clever than _students in the class. A. every one of the B. all the C. any of the other D. many more 5. Hurry up. There is _time left. A. few B. little C. a few D.