高考英语语法-倒装-强调-主谓一致-反意疑问句.doc

高中英语重要考点解析反意疑问句一、反意疑问句的一般情况 1当陈述部分的主语是：等everyone, everybody, someone, no one, nobody, somebody合成代词时，附加疑问句的主语非正式文体中往往they用。（也可以按语法一致原则用单数。） 2当陈述部分以one不定代词做主语时，附加问句的主语在正式常场用one，非正式场合用he。 3当陈述部分的主语是不定式、动名词、从句、this或that，附加疑问句的主语用it。（是those, these则用they） 4当陈述部分的主语是表示物的不定代词everything, anything, nothing等，附加问句的主语用it。 5陈述部分带有否定词或半否定词，例如：never, hardly, scarcely, seldom, no, none, no one, rarely, nowhere, nothing, nobody, few, little等，附加疑问句的动词要用肯定形式。 6如果陈述部分中的否定词仅带有否定的前缀或后缀，那么该陈述句应作肯定句处理，附加疑问句应用否定形式。 二、常见句型的反意疑问句 7当陈述部分是there be 存在句型时，附加疑问句的主语也用there。 8感叹句的附加疑问句，其谓语要求用否定句。 9祈使句后面的附加疑问句问题 A) 祈使句是否定形式，附加疑问句只能用will you。 B) 祈使句是肯定形式，附加疑问句用肯定、否定均可。 C) Let开头的祈使句要注意： 1.Lets 在意义上包含谈话的对方在内，表示提出建议或征求对方意见，其反意疑问句往往用shall we。 2. Let us 在意义上一般不包含谈话的对方在内，表示请求对方允许做某事的含义，let 有allow的意思。附加疑问部分用will you。 3. Let me 开头表示请求，附加疑问句用will you，或用may I。 三、复合句的反意疑问句 10当陈述部分是一个（带that引导宾语从句的）主从复合句时，附加疑问句的主谓要和主句的主谓保持对应关系。但是， 当陈述部分的主语是：I suppose, I think, I believe, I imagine, I expect等结构时，附加疑问句的主语和谓语要和从句的主语，谓语保持一致关系。而且要注意到否定的转移问题。 11当陈述部分是Im sure that,；we are sure；Im afraid that；We are sure that；I feel sure that 等后面跟宾语从句时，反意疑问句与后面的宾语从句一致。 12当陈述部分是并列句时，附加疑问句的主谓语要和离它最近的句子的主谓保持对应关系。四、关于情态动词的反意疑问句 13陈述部分中有have一词，且表示“所有”含义时，附加疑问句部分既可用have也可用do。 14陈述部分中有have to，附加疑问句部分用do。 15含有ought to 的反意疑问句，陈述部分是肯定的，疑问部分用shouldnt / oughtnt +主语。 He ought to know what to do, oughtnt he? / shouldnt he? 16陈述部分有used to，附加疑问句部分可用used 也可以用did 。 17陈述部分有neednt时，附加疑问句部分用need但有时也可用must。 18 陈述部分有must，且表示“必须”时，附加疑问句部分用mustnt，如果表示“必要”则用neednt。 19陈述部分中是mustnt表示“禁止”时，附加疑问句部分用must。 陈述部分中的must表示“一定”、“想必”等推测意义时，附加疑问句部分而是根据陈述部分的谓语动词或其助动词来定。20陈述部分是I wish， 表示询问或征求意见，附加疑问部分用may I。 21弄清陈述句中的d rather = would rather；d better = had better附加疑问句部分前者用would，后者用had。 其它特殊结构的反意疑问句 22陈述部分的主语是each of.结构时，附加疑问句在强调整体时用they，当作个别时用he。 23陈述部分有neither.nor.(either.or.)做并列主语，附加疑问部分根据其实际逻辑意义而定。 Neither you nor I am engineer, are we? 24陈述部分是：Im .结构，附加疑问句一般用arent I? 25. 陈述部分有had better + v. 疑问句部分用hadnt you? Youd better read it by yourself, hadnt you? 26. 陈述部分有would rather +v.，疑问部分多用 wouldnt +主语。 He would rather read it ten times than recite it, wouldnt he? 27. 陈述部分有Youd like to +v. 疑问部分用wouldnt +主语。 Youd like to go with me, wouldnt you? 28. 带情态动词dare或need的反意疑问句，疑问部分常用 need (dare ) +主语。 We need not do it again, need we ? He dare not say so, dare you? 当dare, need 为实义动词时，疑问部分用助动词do + 主语。 She doesnt dare to go home alone, does she?用must表推测的反意疑问句的有关用法1）对现在情况的推测，问句部分用主动词（do,be)一般现在时的适当形式。若是现在进行时，问句部分用现在进行时的适当形式表示。若是there be结构，问句用isnt/arent there。如： 1)He must be there,isnt he? 2)He must have a big family,doesnt he? 3)He must be waiting outside,isnt he? 4)There must be some students in the room,arent there? 2）对已发生的过去情况的推测，若陈述句谓语部分有“must have done”，而且有表示过去的时间状语，问句部分用didnt；若没有表示过去的时间状语，问句部分用havent或hasnt。如： 1)They must have gone there last night,didnt they? 2)They must have arrived by now,havent they?（根据by now来判断） 3)They must have been to the Great Wall,havent they? 3）若是被动，应按被动结构来处理。如： 1)The room must have been cleaned yesterday,wasnt it? 2)The room must have been cleaned,hasnt it? 4）若句中有表示过去完成时的时间状语，问句部分应用hadnt.如: They must have learnt 5000 English words by the end of last term,hadnt they? (本题中must表推测，如果将它去掉，还原为真实句就是They had learnt 5000 English words by the end of last term.因此，反意问句是hadnt）6高中英语重要考点解析倒装句 考点一：倒装句结构1. So much of interest does Beijing offer that most visitors simply run out of time before seeing it all.2. Rarely did a debate attract so much media attention.3. Never before has this city been in greater need of modern public transport than it is today.4. Not only snacks and drinks, but they also brought cards for entertainment when they had a picnic in the forest.5. Only when your identity has been checked, will you be allowed in. 6. Much as I have traveled, I have never seen anyone who is as capable as john.7. Not a single song did she sing at yesterdays party.8. Little did he care about his own safety, though he was in great danger himself.9. The food did not cost much, but neither was it very good.10. I have been living in the United States for twenty years, but seldom have I felt so lonely as now.11. Strange as it might sound, his idea was accepted by all the people at the meeting. 12. No sooner had she gone than it happened.13. Maybe you have been to many countries, but nowhere else can you find such a beautiful palace.14. Scarcely had I arrived before he came out to meet me.15. On no account will the manager tolerate rudeness from his employees.16. There existed a certain doubt among the students as to the necessity of the work. 考点二：倒装的种类 A. 完全倒装 完全倒装是将谓语的全部放在主语之前，此结构通常只用于一般现在时和一般过去时两种。 On her left sat her husband. Here is the book you want. Down went the small boat. B. 部分倒装 部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分，如助动词或情态动词，移至主语之前。 Only by working hard can one succeed. Never have I seen her before. 提示：如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do, does或did，并将其置于主语之前。 Well do I remember the day I joined the League. Little did I think that he could be back alive 考点三：常见的完全倒装结构1there be 句型。 There is a mobile phone and some books on the desk. There are thousands of people gathering on the square. 注意 引导词there 还可以接appear, exist, lie, remain, seem, stand, live 等词。 There lived an old fisherman in the village. There stand two white houses by the river. There existed some doubt among the students. 2用于here, there, now, thus, then + 动词 + 主语的句型中（谓语动词多为be, go, come等）。 Here comes the bus There goes the bell. Now comes my turn. Then came the order to take off. 3以out, in, up, down, off, away等副词开头，谓语动词是表示“移动”的go, come, leave等句子里。 Away went the crowd one by one. In came a stranger in black. Down fell the leaves. 注意在完全倒装的结构里,如果主语是人称代词,则用正常语序。 Out she went. Here we are. 4表示地点的介词词组位于句首，谓语动词是表示“存在”之意的be, lie, stand, exist等句子中。 South of the lake lies a big supermarket. 20 miles east of our school lies a modern swimming pool. On the floor were piles of old books, magazines and newspapers. 5. “表语+连系动词+主语”结构。 Lucky is she who was admitted to a famous university last year. Gone are the days when he was looked down upon. Present at the meeting are some well-known scientists. 考点四：常见的部分倒装结构1. 含有否定意义的副词或连词（如not, seldom, little, hardly, never, rarely, nowhere等）放在句首时。 He can not speak a single word of English. Not a single word of English can he speak. He cares little about his clothes. Little does he care about his clothes. I have never seen him before. Never have I seen him before. Never before have I seen him. The mother didnt leave the room until the child fell asleep. Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room. (Not until引出的主从复合句中，主句倒装，从句不倒装。) Churchill was not only a statesman, but a poet Not only was Churchill a statesman, but a poet. I shall by no means give up. By no means shall I give up. 必背：表示“刚就的倒装结构 Hardly had he started to leave when it began to rain. Scarcely had he sat down when his mobile phone rang. No sooner had he handed in his paper than he realized his mistakes. 2. 副词only +状语放在句首时。 Only then did I see life was not easy. Only in this way can you use the computer well. Only when he is seriously ill does he ever stay in bed.（only+状语从句，从句不倒装，主句倒装） 3. so作“也”讲时，引导的句子用倒装语序，表示前面所说的肯定情况也适用于另一人(或物)。其句型是：So + be（have，助动词或情态动词）+主语。 She has been to Tokyo. So have I. He can send emails to his former classmates. So can she. He went to the film last night. So did I. 注意：如果对前面所说的内容，加以肯定，或不作“也”讲而只起连词作用，表示一种结果的意思，那不倒装。 - Jack won the first prize in the contest. - So he did. - It is cold today. - So it is and so was it yesterday. His mother told him to go to the film. So he did. 4Neither nor引导的句子用倒装语序，用于对前面所说的否定内容表示同样的看法。 She wont go. Nor will I. I can not swim. Neither can he . 注意：如果前面所说的内容既有肯定又有否定，或前后的谓语动词形式不一致时，用“It is the same with +主语”结构或用“So it is with +主语”结构。 He worked hard, but didnt pass the exam. So it was with his sister.（既有肯定又有否定） She is a teacher and she enjoys teaching. So it is with Mr Li.（谓语一个是系动词，一个是行为动词） 5. “so.that.和“such.that.”结构中的so或such位于句首时。 He was so excited that he could not say a word. So excited was he that he could not say a word. His anger was such that he lost control of himself. Such was his anger that he lost control of himself. 6一些表示频率的副词（如many a time, often等）位于句首时。 I have seen her taking a walk alone many a time. Many a time have I seen her taking a walk alone. She often came to my house in the past. Often did she come to my house in the past. 7表示方式、程度的副词位于句首时。 Well do I remember the day when I joined the League. Gladly would I accept your proposal 8非谓语动词 + be + 主语。 Covering much of the earths surface is a blanket of water. Also discussed were the problems we had met with in our studies. First to unfold was the map of the world.考点五：常见的其他形式的倒装结构1宾语位于句首表示强调 The past one can know, but the future one can only feel. What Julia did I cannot imagine. 2the .more. the more .结构中的倒装 The harder you work, the happier you feel.（表语提前） The more you study, the more you know.（宾语提前） 提示： 有时从句倒装，主句不倒装。 I like the painting better the more I look at it. 3although 引导的让步状语从句中的倒装 表语提前，构成倒装。 Though she is very pretty, she is not clever. Pretty though she is, she is not clever Although he was disabled, he tried his best to serve the people. Disabled as he was, he tried his best to serve the people. Although he is a child, he speaks fluent English. Child as he is, he speaks fluent English. （名词单数前不用不定冠词a） Though he is the shortest, he is the richest of the three. Shortest as he is, he is the richest of the three.（形容词最高级前去定冠词the） 动词提前，构成倒装。 Though they searched, they could not find anything in the house. Search as they did , they could not find anything in the house. Though I failed, I would try again. Fail as I did, I would try again. Though she may try again, she wont pass it. Try as she may, she wont pass it. 副词提前，构成倒装。 Though he tried hard, he couldnt pass the exam. Hard as he tried, he couldnt pass the exam. Though I listened attentively, I still couldnt understand what he said at the meeting. Attentively as I listened, I still couldnt understand what he said at the meeting. Though he ran the fastest, he still didnt catch the train. Fastest as he ran, he still didnt catch the train.（副词最高级前不用定冠词the）高中英语重要考点解析强调句 考点一：it引导的强调结构 “It is + 被强调部分 + that/who + 句子其他部分”是使用最广的强调句型。除了谓语动词不能强调外，句子中其它成分，如主语、状语、宾语或宾语补足语都可以用该句型中加以强调。用强调结构强调句子成分 1强调主语 被强调的主语是人时，可用It is/was . that/who .，但如果被强调的部分既包括人又包括物，只能用that。 He bought a camera yesterday. - It was he that/who bought a camera yesterday. The famous writer and his works have aroused great interest among the students. - It is the famous writer and his works that have aroused great interest among the students. 2. 强调宾语 She helped me yesterday. -It was me that/whom she helped yesterday. They often talk about the school and the teachers. -It is the school and the teachers that they often talk about. 3. 强调宾语补足语 We elected him chairman of the meeting. - It was chairman of the meeting that we elected him. We painted the wall white. It was white that we painted the wall. 4. 强调状语 英语中的状语种类很多,一般都可以用It is/was . that .来强调。 时间状语 He left his hometown for Taiwan in his teens. - It was in his teens that he left his hometown for Taiwan. He let out the secret after the guest had gone away. - It was after the guest had gone away that he let out the secret. 提示 如果强调由notuntil till 引导的时间状语时，要注意否定前移。 He didnt return to his hometown until after liberation. - It was not until after liberation that he returned to his hometown. 频率状语 He comes to see me once in a while. - It is once in a while that he comes to see me. 地点状语 The car accident happened in this street yesterday. - It was in this street that the car accident happened yesterday. 方式状语 They took care of their sick mother by turns. - It was by turns that they took care of their sick mother. 目的状语 He got up early to catch the early bus. -It was to catch the early bus that he got up early. 原因状语 They could not cross the river because the water had risen. - It was because the water had risen that they could not cross the river. 提示： 在强调结构It is/was .that .中，要用because来引导原因状语从句，不用since或as。 其他状语 The tailor made a suit to my own measure. - It was to my own measure that the tailor made a suit. with without 复合结构 “with without+名词代词+其他成分”这种结构，也可以放在It is/was . that 中，成为被强调的部分。 He was waiting for his son at the gate, with an umbrella in his hand. - It was with an umbrella in his hand that he was waiting for his son at the gate. She felt very nervous, with the teacher standing beside her.It was with the teacher standing beside her that she felt veryn nervous.考点二：强调句与定语从句、状语从句等其他句型的区别有时强调句在形式上和定语从句、状语从句很相似。我们除了从意思上进行区分外，还能根据强调句结构特点来进行判断，如能去掉It was .that . 后，句子仍然通顺，就是强调句。 It was at the railway station that we first met 16 years ago. 是在火车站我们16年前第一次相逢。（强调句，强调地点状语at the railway station） It was the railway station where we first met 16 years ago. 这是我们16年前第一次相逢的火车站。（定语从句，where 是关系副词，在定语从句中做地点状语） It was in this street that the car accident happened the other day. 前几天发生汽车事故的就是在这条街上。（强调句，强调地点状语in this street） It was this street where the car accident happened the other day. 这是前几天汽车事故的那条街。（定语从句，where 是关系副词在定语从句中做地点状语） It was at midnight that he got home yesterday. 他昨天是半夜到家的。（强调句，强调时间状语at midnight） It was midnight when he got home yesterday. 昨天他到家时已是半夜。（when引导的是时间状语从句，it 是代词，指时间）考点三：强调句的一般疑问句和特殊疑问句1. 强调句的一般疑问句基本句型是：Is/Was + it + that +句子其他成分？ Did he see you in the office just now？ - Was it in the office that he saw you just now？他见你的地方是在办公室吗？ Does he often go to the library Is it to the library that he often goes 他经常去的地方是图书馆吗？ 2. 强调句的特殊疑问句的基本句型是：特殊疑问词+ is/was + it + that + 句子其他成分 When did you first go to the Great Wall？ - When was it that you first went to the Great Wall？你究竟什么时候第一次去长城的？ Where did you go last night - Who was it that told you about it 究竟是谁告诉你这件事的？ Why did you keep silent at the meeting？Why was it that you kept silent at the meeting？你究竟为什么在会上保持缄默？n 3. 含有情态动词强调句的疑问句结构： 一般疑问句基本句型是：情态动词或助动词+it+be+被强调的部分+that+句子其他成分？ Could he be killed at home 他是在家被杀的吗？ -Could it be at home that he was killed 他被杀的地方会是在家里吗？ Might she leave her keys in the office 也许她把钥匙丢在办公室了 -Might it be in the office that she left her keys？ 也许她把钥匙丢在办公室了 特殊疑问句基本句型是：特殊疑问词+情态动词或助动词+it+be+that+主语+句子其他成分 Where might the accident happen？ - Where might it be that the accident happened？可能是在什么地方发生这个事故的？ Who can it be in the office now？ - Who can it be that is in the office now？现在还在办公室里的会是谁呢？归纳高考英语中表示强调的八种方式1用形容词“very”，“single”等表示强调e.g. Red Army fought a battle on this very spot红军就在此地打过一仗。Not a single person has been in the office this afternoon今天下午竟然没有一个人来过办公室。2用反身代词表示强调e.g. I myself will see her off at the station我将亲自到车站为她送行。You can do it well yourself你自己能做好这件事情。3用助词“do”表示强调e.g. The baby is generally healthy，but every now and then she does catch a cold那孩子的健康状况尚好，但就是偶尔患感冒。Do be quietI told you I had a headache务必安静，我告诉过你，我头疼。4用副词“very”，“only”，“even”，“too”等表示强调e.g. He drank it to the very last drop他把它喝得一干二净。Only in this way can we wipe out the enemy troops只有用这样的方法我们才能消灭敌军。He didnt answer even my letter他甚至连我的信都未回。I will too go！我要去的！5用“and that”，“and those”，“nottoo much”，“否定加否定”等结构表示强调e.g. They fulfilled the task，and that in a few days他们在几天内完成的就是那项任务。I gave her some presents，and those the day before yesterday前天我送给她的就是那些礼物。I cant thank you too much我无论怎样感谢你都不过份。I am not unfaithful to you我对你无比忠诚。6用短语“in every way”，“in no way”，“by all means”，“by no means”，“only too”，“all too”，“but too”，“in heaven”，“in the world”，“in hell”，“on earth”，“under the sun”等表示强调e.g. His behavior was in every way perfect他的举止确实无可挑剔。By all means take your son with you你一定要把儿子带来。The news was only too true这消息确实是事实。It was over all too soon！此事的确了结得很快！Where in heaven were you then？当时你到底在哪里？Nobody under the sun would buy that car确实没有人会买那辆车。7用倒装句表示强调e.g. Dishonest he is！他的确不诚实！In wine is the truth酒后吐真言。8用强调句型表示强调e.g. It was the headmaster who opened the door for me正是校长为我开的门。It was yesterday that we carried out that experiment就是在昨天我们做了那个实验。9高中英语重要考点解析省略、插入语 考点一：常见省略考点归纳：一、并列复合句中某些相同成分的省略。1. This machine works well，but that one doesnt (work well). 2. All uranium atoms do not have the same atomic weight. Some of them weigh 234 units，some (of them) (weigh) 235 units，and some (of them) (weigh) 238 units.二、在when，while，if， as if，though(或although)，as，until，once，whether，unless，where等连词连接的状语从句中，常省略跟主句相同的主语和be动词。1. When (water is) pure，water is a colorless liquid.2. When (I am) in trouble I always turn to her for help. 3. Errors，if any，should be corrected. (if后省略了there are)4. Wood gives much smoke while (wood is) burning. 5. The letter is to be left here until (it is) called for.6. Henry looked about as if (he were) in search of something. 7. She studies very hard though (she is) still rather weak. 三、当见到“when (或if，where，wherever，whenever，as soon as，as fast a s，t