社会医学（社会因素与健康）ppt课件

SocialFactorsofHealth DuYapingduyp 130828397282012 04 24 Figure3 1CategoryofSocialfactors ThecharacteristicsofSocialfactorsaffectingthehealth Becauseofthewidespreadexistenceofsocialfactorsandthediversityofthecausallink Figure3 2 itisoftenintroubleinanalyzingthehealtheffectsofsocialfactors Therelationshipbetweensocialfactorsandhealth althoughnotasstraightforwardasthebiologicalfactors itstillhasitsownregularity Threekindsofcausalconnection Figure3 2 Non specific impact influence effect affect infect Modernsocietyismulti societymulti factor multi metric multi level multi disciplinary multi dimensionalsociety Differentfrombiologicalfactors effectofsocialfactorsonthehealthisofnon specificAsasocialphenomenon thediseaseisdeterminedbyavarietyoffactors itisdifficulttofullyexplaintheetiologyofadiseaseinasingle specificsocialfactor Pan impact onesocialfactormayresultinthefunctionalchangesofmultiplebodyorgansandsystems Althoughthedisease causingeffectsorhealth promotingeffectsofsomesocialfactorshaveamorespecifictargetorganorsystem theirspecificityarerelative Thereasonforthenon specificandpan impactofsocialfactors Theimpactofanumberofsocialfactorshaveobviousoverlap thatis theroleofconvergenceBut inareallife peoplecontactwiththediversityofsocialfactors eachofthesocialfactorsshowsnon specificeffectDuetodifferencesingeneticandacquiredgrowth everyindividualhasdifferenttolerancewiththesametypeandintensityofstimulation sothattheroleofsocialfactorsandhealtheffectsofdiseasespecificityisnotobviousAsasourceofstress socialfactorsmainlyplayaslowrolethroughthegradualaccumulation whichmakestheofstimulationlackofspecificityhavereflectedthepanimpact Constancyoftheimpact Socialfactorsarealwaysarelativelystable itsimpactonhealthisinvisible slowandpersistent Becauseofthewidespreadofsocialfactorsinpeople sreallife combinedwithastrongsocialattributesofhuman socialfactorshavealong lastingeffectonhumanbeings Suchwidespreadandpersistentarecalledtheconstancyoftheimpact Cumulativeeffect referstosocialfactorsactingonthehumanbodyinacertainperiodandcanformacumulativeresponse functiondamageorhealtheffectstoaccumulate Interaction Theeffectsofavarietyofsocialfactorsonhealtharenotparallel butbemutuallyconditionedTheimpactofsocialfactorsonhumanhealthoftengenerateeffectsbasedontheinteractionThismainlydeterminedbythediversityofitscausalrelationshipInteractionsareoftenmanifestedasonesocialfactorcandirectlyaffectpopulationhealth butcanalsobeusedasanintermediaryofothersocialfactors orotherintermediaryroleofsocialfactorsonhealth Mechanismofsocialfactorsinfluencehealth Affectinghumanhealth SocialfactorsplayaroleprimarilythroughthepsychologicalexperiencethecentrallinkThemechanismofSocialfactorsaffectingthehealthistheperceptionofsocialfactorswereincorporatedintothesystem throughthecentralnervoussystemregulationandcontrol formapsychologicalrefraction resultinginpsychologicalreactionsandbehavior socialadaptationandchangeinphysicalfunction Population Psychological Civilization Environment Trait Development Respone SocialFactors PerceptionSystem Brain Otherbrainareas Pituitary Hormone Immune Physicaldisease Changesinbehaviorandemotionalandmentalproblems Hypothalamic Stimulu Evaluation Socioeconomicfactorsandhealth Therearetwo wayfunctionsbetweenhealthandsocioeconomicdevelopment GDP Grossdomesticproduct GDP referstothemarketvalueofallofficiallyrecognizedfinalgoodsandservicesproducedwithinacountryinagivenperiod GDPpercapitaisoftenconsideredanindicatorofacountry sstandardofliving 三类经济发展水平国家的居民健康水平 部分国家居民健康指标与经济水平的关系 Economicdevelopmentbringsinthenegativeeffect ContaminationanddestroyofcircumstanceHarmfulbehaviorallifestyleSmoking excessivedrinking drugaddicts sexualrandom irregularfood drinkandsleepingThesocialnegativeeventsTrafficjam trafficaccident violentcrime