第十三章 应用文的翻译.doc

第十三章 应用文的翻译本章将讨论商贸函电、广告说明书以及日常应用文的英译问题。第一节 第一节 商贸函电一、商贸信函的翻译 商贸信函比较正规，在措辞、语言结构和行文样式方面均有自己的特点。 1语言特点及翻译要求 商贸信函属于比较拘谨正式的公文体，行文端正，简练、清楚、具体、完整，且有一套独有的词汇和习语，有本专业独有的表达方式，如：信用证、询盘、报盘、独家代理权等等。翻译商贸信函必须具有一定的商贸知识，熟悉商贸用语，需勤查工具书，力求做到准确、精炼、不漏细节。例如： （1）如蒙贵方寄来夏装报价并能于年底之前供货，则不胜感激。我方需求10号至14号套服2000件。请报上CIF芝加哥价格。我方通常用信用证付款。 Would you kindly send us your quotation for spring and summer clothing that you could supply to us by the end of this year. We would require 2,000 suits 10-14. Please quote CIF Chicago prices. Payment is normally by L/C. （2）兹报实盘，以我方时间9月30日星期三下午5时以前答复为有效。We offer you firm subject to reply by 5 p.m. our time, Wednesday, September 30. （3）谢谢你们对地毯的询盘。为答复你方4月28日询价，随信寄去我方最新价目单一份以供参考。Thank you for your inquiry for carpets. In reply to your inquiry of April 28, we are sending you here with a copy of our latest price list for your reference. （4）由于我公司认为贵方具有相当高的能力，因此如果贵公司确实感兴趣，我方将委托您成为本公司的独家代理商。若贵公司能在见票后90天，承兑交单付款，我们将以低于出口价15的价格来供应产品。 As we think you are very capable, we would like to offer you the sole agency if you are at all interested. We supply you with our prices at 15% below export list price at 90 d/s on D/A. 2语气文采特点及翻译要求 商贺信函一般措辞婉转，注重礼节，讲究策略，经常使用汉语常用的公函套语，如“贵（方、公司）”、“兹”、“谨”、“乞谅”、“收悉”、“承蒙”、“见谅”、“为盼”等等。尽管现代商贸英语日趋口语化，但翻译时不宜使用口俗语，而应力求再现原文的语气和风格。 试将下列三例译成英语，然后分小组交流译文。(见参考译文I43) （1）接到贵公司1995年6月2日来信，欣悉你们能供上述产品。为使你们熟悉我方交易条款，兹随函寄上合同格式一份以供参考。 （2）如上述货物现无存货，请告知可立即装运的库存现货的规格等细节为盼。（3）承蒙贵国商务参赞处告知，你们在英国是颇有地位、信誉可靠的商号之一，对向我市场出口工艺品很感兴趣。为建立贸易关系，现特致函联系，希望收到你们的商品目录以供参考。 3程式特点及翻译示例汉、英商贸信函均使用一定的套语，讲究程式。汉语信函一般由称呼、正文、结束语、签名、日期组成，有时还有附件、附言，而英语信函除这几项外，还包括信头、信内地址。汉语习惯上只把发信人地址（信头）及收信人地址（信内地址）写在信封上。翻译时，不必套用英语的传统程式，可保留原文信函的程式，但信的称呼、结束语等需按英语习惯表达。例如：（1）敬启者：贵公司于1996年7月5日的来函及所附浴缸的价目单均及时收悉。我公司对此类产品颇感兴趣，我方经常收到欧洲有关客户的来函询价，如贵公司提供的商品质量优良，价格适中，则可向贵公司大量定购。望早日收到贵公司的样品与最优惠的条件，谢谢。XX谨上Dear Sirs,We have duly received your letter of July 5, 1996, with a price list of the baths enclosed therein. As we have much interest in this line of goods, and we often receive inquiries about them from our friends in Europe, we shall be able to give you considerable orders, if your quality is suitable and the price moderate. We shall be obliged if you will send us some samples with the best terms at your earliest convenience.Yours truly,(Signature)（2）敬启者： 请务必于本月二十日前将你方配有插图的商品目录、详细的出口价格和付款方式等资料寄来我公司，并附上任何可向我们提供的样品。Gentlemen：Please send us your illustrated catalogue, full details of your export prices and terms of payment, together with any samples you can let us have.All this must reach us no later than 20th of this month.Yours faithfully，(Signature)二、商业电传的翻译电传（Telex），是一种较先进的通讯方法，已在许多领域广泛使用。汉语的电传电文与电报电文的特点基本一致。英语的电传电文也用大写字母书写，但电报是以电报词计费，而电传则以拍发时间计费。这就决定了电传在用词方面比电报更简练。电传中大部分词语以略语形式出现，其使用的略语有一定的构成规律，不可随意臆造，必要时需查阅电传专用简化词表和一般缩略语词典。另外，由于电传以拍发时间计费，没有电报中词的合并现象，且需要时可用标点符号。例如： 1承蒙告示305订单的货物已装船，非常感谢。 TKS FR SHPG ADV RE GDS UNDR ORDR 305 (Thank you for your shipping advice regarding the shipment of goods under our order No. 305.) 2收悉我方208号订单的货物10箱，然箱内货物与包装上所列不同，请核查答复。 RE OROR 208 TEN CASES RCVD HWEVR DISCREPANCIES BETWEEN CONTENTS N PACKG LIST. PLS CHECK N REPLY. (Regarding our order No. 208, we have received the 10 cases. However there are discrepancies between the actual contents and your packing list. Please check up the matter and reply to us.)练习（见教材第347348页）第二节 广告及说明书一、广告的翻译广告主要是介绍商品或服务性行业，招徕顾客，引起注意。广告语言简明清楚，明白无误，语句通顺流畅。广告文体虽多种多样，但有其独有的特点。翻译时应根据这些特点理解原文、组织译文，力求译文在内容与风格上与原文保持一致。 1广告的语言特点及英译 （1）言简意明，简洁易懂为能迅速引起注意，使人们一目了然，同时也为了节省篇幅，降低费用，广告语言大都简单、明了，便于看懂，便于记忆。例如： “春花”牌吸尘器，清洁地毯、窗帘，还可吸净像木制和乙烯基一样坚硬的地板，甚至水泥地。摩擦力小，噪音低。请试试吧！你的地板会更加光亮无比。 The Chun-hua vacuum cleaner cleans rugs and drapes. It cleans hard surfaces like wood and vinyl floors. Even cement! It is smooth and quiet. Try it and your floors will sparkle with new cleanliness.此类广告语言简练、生动，且极有说服力。翻译时，应在正确理解原文的基础上，按照英语同类广告的表达习惯，再现原文的内容与风格。 （2）使用大众化口语体现代广告通常采用家喻户晓的俗语、口语，读来亲切感人。翻译时，应注意选用切适的英语口语词，力求使译文在语气上与原文保持一致。例如：“航空牌”人造革衣箱用料上乘，做工精细，款式新颖，价格合理，规格齐全，欢迎选购。“Aviation” Artificial Leather Suitcases”Selected materials, fine workmanship, modern designs, reasonable prices, various specifications. Orders welcome. （3）一句话广告 此类广告比较醒目，语言生动，琅琅上口，能迅速激发读者兴趣，有很强的感召力。翻译时，应选用生动的英语词句，使译文同样具有较强的感染力，与原文的风格、语气保持一致。请看下面的例句： “飞鸽”在神州和世界翱翔。(自行车广告) The “Flying Pigeon” soars over China and the world. “金鸡”长鸣。(钟表广告)“Golden Rooster” always crows on time. 安全驾驶救人即救己。Drive carefully - the life you save may be your own. 饮用可口可乐，事事如意。 Things go better with Coca-cola. 2. 广告的文体特点及英译 广告按其体裁、风格、手法及文字表达方式等不同，可分为若干类型。熟悉并掌握各种类型广告文体的特点，对做好广告的翻译工作十分必要。现就常见的广告文体特点及翻译要求分述如下。 （1）陈述体陈述体广告就是摆事实、讲道理，让事实说服人，开门见山地介绍商品名称、用途、性能等情况。语言质朴、精练，没有过多的修辞与描绘，翻译时应以朴实的英语、客观的语气组织译文。例如：“雪莲”牌羊绒衫北京生产的“雪莲”牌羊绒衫，系选用优质的山羊绒作原料制成。本产品具有色泽鲜艳、手感柔滑、穿着舒适、轻、软、暖等特点，由于该产品品质优良，做工细致，花型、款式新颖，尺码齐全，受到国外消费者的热烈欢迎。“Snow Lotus” Cashmere Sweaters “Snow Lotus” Cashmere Sweaters from Beijing are made from superior Chinese Cashmere fiber. They are lustrous in color, supple, light, soft, warm and comfortable to wear. Owing to their fine quality, excellent workmanship, novel designs and styles, and complete size range, they have gained popularity from consumers abroad. （2）证言体这类广告像一份证明书，提供“权威人士”或“著名人士”对商品的鉴定、赞扬、使用和见证等，读来亲切可信。翻译时应采用同样的办法，有实有据，保证原文的说明力。如下面这则广告： 以前我的头发干枯、粗糙，难以梳理。自从用了潘婷营养洗发露，头发变得健康、亮泽。因为潘婷营养洗发露含有独有的维他命原B5，能由发根彻底渗透到发尖，其全新改良配方，能加倍保护头发，免受损害，令头发分外健康，加倍亮泽。My hair was dry, coarse and unmanageable. But from the time I began to use Pantene Pro-V Treatment Shampoo, it has become healthy and shiny. This is because Pantene Pro-V Treatment Shampoo contains unique Pro-V B5, which deeply penetrates your hair from root to tip. Its new and improved formula gives your hair extra protection against damage, leaving it healthier and shiner. （3）描写体 描写体广告是以生动细腻的描绘刻画，激发人们的基本情感和欲望，通常亲切感人，给人鲜明、深刻的印象。翻译时，应选用富有感情色彩的英语词句，保持原文的风格。请看下面的广告：欢迎到青岛来 这里有美丽的风景，激动人心的奇观，一流的设施，高效的服务。你可以在美丽的沙滩上，金色的阳光里，恣情嬉戏，尽情享受。Welcome to QingdaoHere you will see beautiful scenes, breathtaking wonders, first-class facilities and efficient services. You can bask, indulge, and luxuriate on the beautiful beaches, and in the golden sunshine. （4）招聘、招标类广告 此类广告纪实性强，通常使用正式的书面语，招标类广告多用专业词汇和术语。翻译时，遣词造句应庄重平实，行文严谨。例如：聘请钢琴教师 现聘请一钢琴教师教一五岁女孩弹钢琴。每周两次，每次两小时。在家上课。有意者请打电话84851401联系。WantedA piano teacher to teach a 5-year-old girl at home. 2 hours each time, twice a week. Call 84851401.招 标 兹以招标方式在青岛市四方区兴建一个假日旅店，欢迎参加投标。一般交易条件、规划蓝图与技术要求可向假日旅店筹备处索取，每册80美元。 所有投标人的实盘都应在1996年5月30日之前寄到青岛市四方区洛阳路3号假日旅店筹备处，并需注明投标的名称和编号。 实盘应获取中国银行的预先担保，保证金额不得少于整个报价的10。在招标限期截止后或不按照以上规定的任何投标实盘，恕不接纳。Call for TendersWe invite tenders to take part in the tender for the construction of a Holiday Inn in Sifang District, Qingdao.General terms and conditions together with the blueprints and technical requirements can be obtained from the Preparatory Department of the Holiday Inn against payment of $80 for each copy.All offers are to be sent to the above department at 3 Luoyang Road, Sifang District, Qingdao, marked with the name and number of the tender before May 30, 1996.Offers should be accompanied by preliminary guarantee issued by Bank of China, equal to not less than 10 percent of the value of the offer.Any offer submitted after the closing of the tender, or which does not comply with the above terms will not be accepted.二、说明书的翻译 说明书主要用来说明产品的性能、特点、用途、配方及使用方法等，语言浅显确切，简单明了，讲究科学性和逻辑性。鉴于说明书的作用旨在指导使用，所以翻译时应认真、细致、谨慎。更由于商品种类、性质不同，其说明的方法、内容也就不同，因此翻译时要针对具体要求，努力使译文选词用字准确明了，行文通顺流畅。下面是几类颇具代表性的说明书实例，从几方面加以说明。 1药品说明书 药品说明书通常包括成分、主治、用法说明、注意事项、禁忌以及副作用等部分。翻译时要搞懂原文中的专用名词，这样才能准确用词，避免出错。例如：泰瑞宁（牛磺酸）化学名：2一氨基乙磺酸性状：本品为黄色颗粒，味甘，溶于水后为混悬液。药理作用：牛磺酸是存在于人体内的一种游离氨基酸，在心、脑和肌肉组织内含量较高。本品可保护动物细胞膜，抗葡萄球菌感染。并具有解热、镇痛、消炎、抗惊厥和利胆保肝作用。服用本品后，无其他解热消炎药常见的副作用。适应症：解热消炎药，用于治疗小儿发热、上呼吸道感染、扁桃体炎、支气管炎等。用法：冲服或口含，每日三次。用量：遵医嘱规格：每袋重2克，含牛磺酸0.4克贮藏：避光、密封，在阴凉干燥处保存。有效期限：960305批准文号：（92）粤卫药准字第K18-005号深圳海王药业有限公司出品TaurineChemical term: 2-amino ethane sulfonic acidProperties: Yellow granule, sweet. The water solution is suspension.Actions: Taurine is an important free amino acid in the body, mostly in the heart, brain and muscle. It protects the cell membrane, has evident antistaphylococcic, antiphlogistic, antipyretic, analgetic, anticonvulsive actions, and its detoxification and cholagogic effects also beneficial to liver protection. Taurine shows no common side effects like other antipyretic and antiphlogistic drugs.Indications: As an antipyretic and antiphlogistic drug used for treatment of fever, upper respiratory tract infection, tonsillitis, bronchitis, etc., in children.Usage: Taken orally, 3 times daily.Dosage: Follow the doctors advice.Specification: 2g per bag with 0.4g taurine.Storage: Preserve in a cool and dry place, protected from light.Expiry Date: March 5, 1996.Sanction No.: Guangdong Drug Hygiene Permit (92) K18-005Manufactured by: Shenzhen Neptune Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.这里用的几个英语词antistaphylococcic、antiphlogistic、antipyretic、analgetic、anticonvulsive、detoxification、tonsillitis等等都是医学专业用语，且属常见医学词，翻译时要把握准，搞懂译对。 2日用品说明书 日用品与人民大众的生活息息相关，因此日用品说明书在说明产品的性能、特点、用途等方面时，往往充满着溢美之词，旨在激发人们购买、使用此产品的欲望。汉语如此，译成英文时也应该注意这一特点。例如：浓缩白猫无泡洗衣粉洗净力特强，相同体积用量比一般无泡沫洗衣粉可多洗4倍衣物。对顽固的污垢具强有力的脱除力，可防白色织物泛黄，容易漂清，省水、省时、省力。一次洗涤后的洗涤液，尚可发挥其充分的洗净力，进行二次、三次的洗涤。经常使用本品，不伤衣料，可使织物格外光亮夺目，洁白如新。Super-concentrated, low-suds White Cat washing powder has extra cleaning power. Compared with ordinary washing powders, it can wash 4-fold dirty fabrics with an equal volume of powder.It can remove firmly adhered stains, prevents white fabrics from yellowing, and be rinsed easily. It saves water, time and labor.It has persistent washing ability and can be successively used for 2nd and 3rd washing.Frequent use of this powder does no harm to the fabrics and can ensure washed fabrics more brilliant and as clean as new ones. 3机械说明书 机械说明书通常包括商品特点、用途、规格、结构、性能、操作程序及注意事项等。语言简单明了。请看下例：泰山牌拖拉机泰山一12、泰山一25、泰山一50和泰山一50S是一种多用途轮式拖拉机，适用于犁、耙、播种、中耕、收割等多种田间作业，坚固耐用，使用方便可靠。这种拖拉机还可以进行运输作业、抽水、排灌或作为发电的固定动力。这些拖拉机均具有结构紧凑、操纵简便、转向灵活、耗油省等特点。Taishan TractorsTaishan-12, T-25, T-50 and T-50S are tough versatile wheeled tractors and are reliable enough to tackle a variety of field jobs such as ploughing, harrowing, seed drilling, cultivating and harvesting with great ease. They can also serve as facilities for transportation, water pumping and irrigation or as a prime mover for electricity generation. The tractors are featured by compact construction, convenient operation, high maneuverability and low fuel consumption.练习（见教材第356357页）第三节 日常应用文 日常应用文指日常生活中常用的社交性信件和事物性信件，有自己的行文格式和套语，一般说来，用字简练，叙事简洁。一、社交信件的翻译社交信件种类很多，根据其作用和用途，可分为馈赠信、答谢信、祝贺信、慰问信、道歉信、邀请信、申请信、聘请信、推荐信、介绍信等等。不同类别的信件有其各自的语言特点。但是目前社交信件越来越趋向采用大众化口语行文。翻译时也应选用精炼的英语口语组织译文，译文一般按英语书信格式，结束语套用英语任何书信的习用语。请看下面几例不同类别的信件：1邀请信亲爱的王教授： 我们非常荣幸地邀请您出席1996年7月10 日于山东大学外语学院举行的英语教学会议，探讨英语教学存在的各种问题。我们期待着您的光临，请通知我们您能否到会。 此致敬礼王王敏Dear Professor Wang,It would give us great pleasure to have your presence at a meeting of English language teaching scheduled for July 10th, 1996 at the Foreign Languages College of Shandong University to discuss various problems in English language teaching.We sincerely hope you can attend. Please let us know if you can make it. Cordially, Wang Min2感谢信亲爱的马兰： 非常感谢你的热情招待。 你们家很舒适，饭菜很新鲜，现在想起来仍回味无穷。 请接受我诚挚的感谢和最美好的祝愿。你的静静Dear Ma Lan: Thank you very much for your warm hospitality Your home was lovely and your meals were delectable. Im still thinking about it and enjoying it in retrospect.Please accept my sincere thanks and best wishes.Yours,Jingjing 3祝贺信亲爱的姐姐： 听到小豆豆出生的消息，我感到无比的高兴。我想象得出你们对你们的小宝贝一定会感到十分的骄傲。在此请接受我对你们俩最诚挚的祝贺。小霞Dear Sister:I was so pleased to receive the news of the birth of little Doudou. I can imagine how proud you and your husband must be of your little baby.Please accept my sincere congratulations to you both.Xiao Xia 二、事务书信的翻译 事务书信与社交书信行文格式基本一样，只是措辞更严谨，语气更庄重。翻译时，应根据书信的不同目的组织译文，表达原文的意思。 1申请书 申请书是一种自我介绍、陈述愿望或申请的事务性书信，一般表意清楚，语言简练。翻译时应用简洁谦恭的语言组织译文。敬启者： 我是大学英语专业毕业生，并获文学士学位，毕业后在该校攻读英语语言学，于1995年获硕士学位。 为继续深造，我拟向贵校申请攻读博士学位，同时我也想申请奖学金，使我能更早地来贵校就读，盼及早复信。 此致敬礼刘东Dear Sir:I am a graduate of XX University majoring in English with a B.A. degree. After graduation I concentrated on studying English linguistics and obtained my M.A. degree from this University in 1995. With a view to getting some advanced studies, I am writing to you to apply for admission to your University to pursue a Doctors degree. I am also applying for a scholarship which will enable me to come to your University sooner.Hoping to be favored with an early reply.Liu Dong2推荐信推荐信是向个人或单位推荐某个自己熟悉的人而写的信件。内容一般侧重于被推荐人的学业、工作、品行等方面的概括评价，一般措辞精炼、语气中肯、叙事客观。翻译时应注意用朴实的英语组织译文，例如：敬启者： 我与孙先生一起在大学教书已逾五年，他在中文系是一个很成功的教师。孙先生知识渊博，可教很多科目，如汉语写作、汉语语言学、中国文学、汉英翻译等等。他备课细致，献身教育事业，受到了学生和同事的敬佩。他的高水平的汉语能力和丰富的教学经验使他有资格在任何高校教汉语。李正汉语言文学教授To Whom It May Concern:I have taught at XX University together with Mr. Sun for over 5 years. He is a successful teacher of the Chinese Department. Mr. Sun is very knowledgeable and capable of teaching a wide range of subjects: Chinese Composition, Chinese Linguistics, Chinese Literature, Chinese-English Translation, etc. He is a very dedicated teacher and his classes are always well planned. He is highly respected by his students and colleagues. With a good command of Chinese and rich experience in teaching, Mr. Sun is highly qualified to fill a Chinese language teaching position at any college.Li ZhengProfessor of Chinese language and literature 3公证书及委托书 这类事务性应用文属于公文范畴，在一定程度上具有法律效力，一般用词严谨，语气庄重，通常使用较正式的公文体行文，翻译时，应注意保留原文的这些特点，示例如下：公证书 兹证明于文持有的山东大学于1993年7月4日签发给他的93050号毕业文凭上的学校印鉴和校长的印章均属实。 青岛市公证处（盖章） 公证员：王伟（签字） 1996年5月5日Certificate of NotarizationThis is to notarize that the official seals of Shandong University and of the President of the University affixed on the No. 93050 Diploma issued by the University on July 4, 1993 to the holder Yu Wen are found genuine.Qingdao Notary Public Office (seal)Notary: Wang Wei (signature)May 5, 1996委托书我们，下列签署人：A，女，年月日出生，现住国市(省)区(县)路号。B，女，年月日出生，现住国市(省)区(县)路号。我们是Z的妻子和女儿。Z于年月日在地点死亡。在地点留有房产。现我们代表我们本人及Z未成年的儿子C委托X律师事务所（地址：地址）律师姓名为我们的合法代理人。全权代表我们在地点向有关当局办理继承上述遗产的一切事宜，领取Z的遗产执管证，并全权代表我们领取、执管、变卖和处理上述遗产。代理人所签的一切有关文件，我们均予承认。代理人有转委托权。委托人： A（签字） B（签字）年月日We, the undersigned,A, female, born on Date, residing at Address.B, female, born on Date, residing at Address.We are the wife and daughter of Mr