八年级形容词、副词的比较级和最高级语法知识讲解.doc

形容词和副词的比较级和最高级绝大多数形容词有三种形式,原级,比较级和最高级, 以表示形容词说明的性质在程度上的不同。 一、形容词的原级: 用以修饰名词，表示事物特征的词，形容词的原级形式就是词典中出现的形容词的原形。 poor tall great glad bad 副词：用来修饰动词、形容词。其他副词、全句或名词词组及句子的词 much early soon quickly 二、比较级的定义：大多数的形容词都有三个级别：原级、比较级、最高级。其中比较级表示“更”，用于两者之间的比较，用来说明“前者比后者更”，比较级前面一般用much, even, a little，a lot修饰，其中even, much 只能修饰比较级。 三、比较级和最高级的构成：规则变化： 1单音节词和少数双音节词的比较级和最高级的构成情况构成方式原级比较级最高级一般情况加-er或-estnewlongnewerlongernewestlongest以e 结尾的词加-r或-stfinelatefinerlaterfinestlatest以“辅音+y” 结尾的词变y为i再加-er 或-estearlyhappyearlierhappierearliesthappiest重读闭音节的词末尾只有一个辅音字母先双写辅音字母，再加-er或-esthotthinfathotterthinnerfatterhottestthinnestfattest2 多音节词和部分双音节词在其前面加more或 most。如： 原级 比较级 最高级 useful more useful most useful difficult more difficult most difficult delicious more delicious most delicious【重点】3有几个形容词的比较级和最高级属于不规则变化：原级比较级最高级good / wellbetterbestbad / illworseworstmany / muchmoremostlittlelessleastoldolder（新旧或年龄）/elder（兄弟姐妹的长幼关系）oldest/ eldestfarfarther（表示距离，译为“更远”）/ further（表示程度，译为“进一步的”）farthest/ furthest四、比较级的用法:1. 形容词/副词的比较级可以单独使用： Be more careful next time. 下次小心点。 Which book is better? 哪本书更好？ try to do better next time. 下次争取干好一点。 Hell come back sooner or later. 他迟早会回来的。2. 也可以和than连用，表示两者相比，A大于B than后可以跟： a. 名词或代词： He is older than me / I . 他年龄比我大。 b. 动名词：Skiing is more exciting than skating. 滑雪比滑冰更刺激。 c. 从句： I was a better singer than he was. 我唱歌比他好 公式: A+be动词+形容词/副词比较级+than+B(二)关于形容词、副词比较级的更多用法1比较级前面可以加上表示“优劣程度”的词或短语，意思是“更”，“得”。常见词有much, a little, even, a lot, a great deal等。e.g He is much taller than I.他比我要高得多。I jump a little higher than he.我跳得比他高一点点。想一想，这些词能修饰形容词或副词的原级吗？只用于修饰比较级的 ：much;still;even2.比较级前面可以加上表示具体数量差别的结构,表示具体“大多少”，“小多少”，“长多少”，“短多少”等。e.g I am two years older than he.我比他大两岁。This building is 20 meters higher than that one.3“比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越”。 It is getting warmer and warmer天气越来越暖和。He is running faster and faster他跑得越来越快。0ur country is becoming more and more beautiful我们祖国越来越美了。4“the 比较级， the 比较级”表示“越，就越”，The more，the better.多多益善。The more careful you are,the fewer mistakes you will make.你越细心，犯错就越少。5“the moreof the two”表示“两个当中较。的一个” The taller of the two boys is my brother.6. 表达“A和B一样”，用asas的结构。公式: A be as.as Be.g I am as tall as you.我和你一样高。 He runs as fast as I. 他跑得和我一样快。7表达“A不如B”用not so/asas的结构。公式: A be not so/asas Be.g I am not as tall as you.我没有你高。 He doesnt run as fast as I. 他没有我跑得快。五、当三个或三个以上的人或事物进行比较时，我们需要用到形容词（副词）的最高级1表达“是中最的”,用“the+形容词（副词）的最高级”的结构。后面可以加上表示范围的介词短语或从句。公式：主语+be动词+the +形容词最高级+（名词）+表示范围的介词短语或从句主语+实义动词+（the） +形容词最高级+表示范围的介词短语或从句e.g He is the tallest (student) in our class. He jumps （the） highest of the three boys. This is the best book that I have ever read. Of the four of us, I sang (the) worst. 我们四人中我唱的最差。2表示“最的中一个”，用“one of +the +最高级+复数名词”的结构来表达。e.g He is one of the best students in our class.他是我们班最好的学生之一。 This is one of the most beautiful flowers in the garden.这是花园里最漂亮的花之。注意：(一) 形容词的最高级前面有定冠词the , 而副词的最高级前面定冠词the可以省略。但在形容词最高级前有物主代词时，不能要定冠词the.（二）常见的用来表示范围的介词有in, of, among六、运用形容词、副词比较级应当注意的问题： (一)、按语法规则，than后面的人称代词应当用主格，但口语当中有时会用宾格代替主格。 e.g He is more careful than I (me).(二)、只有同类的事物才能比较 e.g Her bag is bigger than mine. 不能说 Her bag is bigger than I.The weather of Kunming is much better than that of Shenyang.不能说The weather of Kunming is much better than Shenyang.【语法专项练习题】一 给下列单词加比较级和最高级 原级 比较级 最高级 原级 比较级 最高级round bright tall young long busy nice fine big easy heavy good little much clever fat hot old ill bad interesting beautiful far tired exciting difficult fast small wide thin large calm 二翻译1.She is student her class. 她是班上最好的学生。 2.Shanghai is one of cities China. 上海是中国最大城市之一。 3.This is apple I have ever met. 这是我见到的最大的苹果。 4.Tom is boy in his basketball team. 汤姆是他们篮球队中个子最高的孩子。5.I am only than you .我只比你小一岁。三根据句意，将括号中的形容词变成比较级或最高级1.That is (easy) of all.2.He is （clever） boy in the class.3.John is (short) than Tom.4.This box is (heavy) than that one .5.She is (pretty) girl in the group.6.Which film is (interesting) ,this one or that one?7.Can you show me (near) shop here?8.I think English is one of (important) subjects in middle school. 四、选择题 （ ）1、That boy looks as as a boxer.A. strong B. stronger C. strongest D. more strong（ ）2、Then Summer Palace is than Zhong Shan park.A. biger B. more big C. the biggest D. bigger（ ）3、Which do you like , apples or oranges?A. good B. better C. best D. well（ ）4、-Oh, the food is bad. -I think so .And the service(服务) is _. Athe worst B. worse C. badder D. the worse（ ）5、-You are the same coat as I. -Yes, Mine is , but not so as yours.A. better, expensive B. better, more expensive C. much better, more expensive D. good, more expensive（ ）6、The experts think that Indias population may be than Chinas 2020.A. much, by B. more, in C. larger, by D. larger, on（ ）7、This year our school is than it was last year.A. much beautiful B. the most beautiful C. beautifuler D. much more beautiful（ ）8、 you work, knowledge you will get.A. The harder, more B. The harder, the more C. Harder, the more D. Harder, more（ ）9、He has friends than I.A. much more B. many more C. very more D. too more（ ）10、She draws better than .A. us all B. we all C. all us D. all we（ ）11、Shanghai is larger than city in China. A. any B. any other C. the others D. any else （ ） 12、Im not sure whether Mary can sing Ann.A. as well as B. as good as C. as better as D. so good as（ ）13、I have fewer apples than .A. he B. his C. hers D. mine（ ）14、The news is surprising.A. much B. very C. more D. very much（ ）15、The population of China is larger than .A. America B. the one of Americas C. that of America D. Americans（ ）16、Which is clothing store in your town?A. the best B. the better C. the most good D. best（ ）17、My sister is person I know.A. the funniest B. the funnier C . the most fun D. funniest（ ）18、Is Mr Du teacher in your school?A. the most busy B. the busier C. the most busiest D. the busiest（ ）19、He is more beuutiful than I.A. too B. enough C. much D. very（ ）20、The box is heavy .I cant move it.A. much B. more C. enough D. too（ ）21、The bo