自考英语(一)English_jy12031.doc

高等教育自学考试网上辅导英语（一）语法介词和介词短语一、介词的种类1.简单介词in/on/under/near/against2.复合介词into/outside/without3.二重介词from behind/until after4.短语介词due to / because of / in addition to5.分词介词including/concerning/considering二、介词和其它词的搭配与动词/名词/形容词的固定搭配belong to/rely on/similar to/ contribution to/ responsible for/ familiar with三、介词短语的构成1.介词+名词along the road沿着这条路before lunch 午饭前2.介词+代词 beside us 在我们旁边for them 为了他们3.介词+数词on 21st，May5月21日/at six 6点钟4.介词+动名词without paying any taxes 没有交税upon hearing the news 一听到消息5.介词+代词（副词）引导的从句或不定式短语about how he worked at the company关于他在该公司的工作情况四、介词短语的用法介词短语在句中主要担任定语和状语，也可作表语和补足语1.定语通常放在被修饰的名词或代词后You must know the meaning of every word you learn. 你必须知道你所学的每个词的词义2.状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或句子Ships are built for sea transport.人们制造轮船供海上运输 Soon flying in the air became a fact.不久，在空中飞行便成为现实3.表语These goods are of perfect quality.这些商品品质优良。Mary seems in high spirits today.玛丽今天看起来情绪高涨。4.宾语补足语Once a cold kept her in bed for three days.有一次她感冒，三天卧床不起。Pure iron is considered of little use.纯铁被认为用处不大。举例说明：1.The farmer is leaning against a big tree.这个农夫靠在大树上。2.He does not dare to say that he had been fond of her. 他不敢说他喜欢她。3.My little brother persisted in making living by himself.我的弟弟坚持自己谋生。4.As a leader, he should be responsible for what people need and require. 作为一个领导他应当对人们的需求进行负责。五、介词和介词副词介词副词是小品词，在形式上与介词相同，但是句法功能不同。在句中有时是介词，有时是副词。A truck drove past the gold mine. past为介词A truck drove past. past为副词Grammar Exercises1.Unlike people in some other countries, Americans generally pay the price of a productCquestion.美国人不像其他国家的人。他们买东西通常不讨价还价，而是按价付款。A.beyond B.behind C.withoutD.except2. The shop offers products that rangeBinexpensive to very expensive.这个商店提供的商品从便宜到昂贵不等。A.between B.from C.among D.along3.People who can neither hear nor speak talk to each otherDthe help of their fingers.聋哑人通过打手势进行交谈。A.by B.through C. for D. with4. Death and taxes are two things in life that every American can be sureA.死亡和纳税是每个美国人肯定会面临的两件事。A.of B.for C.at D.with5.Culture and art are addedAour teaching to develop the childrens imagination.我们在教学中加进文化和艺术课是为了培养孩子们的想象力。A.to B.by C.for D.against6.In theory, every person will have accessAan unlimited amount of information in the United States.从理论上说，在美国每个人都有机会得到无穷的信息。A.to B.from C.at D.through7.She complained that her husband never helped herDthe housework or meal preparation.她报怨她的丈夫从不帮她做家务，也不帮她做饭。 A.for B.overC.into D.with8. Many qualities of the animal are said to have much to doAthe food it eats.据说动物的许多习性都与它们所吃的食物有关。A.with B.about C.for D.by9.A bird knowsAinstinct how to build a nest.鸟儿生来就知道如何筑巢。A.by B.with C.from D.through10.Bthe water, a plant takes up such parts of the soil as are dissolved in the water.除了水，植物还吸收了溶在水里的那些土壤中的养分。A.Beside B. BesidesC. Inside D.Outside比较：I kept dictionary beside me when to study.当我学习的时候手边总放着一本词典。There are five of all us for dinner besides Tom.除了汤姆其他的5个人都要去吃饭。Summary1.单词dispute /occupy/ reveal/ influence/emphasis/concentrate2.词组bring up/ to the best of/keep up with/concentrate on/be familiar with3.结构（1）I