历年考研英语翻译汇总.doc

鲤鱼网（）2010年(46scinentists jumped to the resure withsomedistimctly shaky evidence to the effect that insects would eatusup of birds failed to control them) 46.科学家们赶紧拿出某些明显站不住脚的证据前来救驾，大致说的是如果鸟儿不能控制害虫的话，害虫就会把我们吃掉。(47but we have at least drawn near the pointofadmitting that birds should continue as a matter ofintrinsicright,regardless of the presence or absence of economicadvantageto us)47.但是我们至少已经几乎承认了这样一种观点：那就是鸟儿的生存是它们的固有权利，不管它对我们是否有经济利益。(48time was when biologists somewhat overwordedthe evidence that these creatures preserve the health of gamebykilling the physically weak,or that they prey only on“worthlessspecies)48.曾几何时，生物学家总是重述以下的这条证据：这些生物是为了维持食物链的正常运行去捕食弱小的生物或“没有价值的物种”。(49in europe,whereforestry is ecologically more advanced ,the ncommercialtreespecies are recognized ad mrs of native forest community ,tobepreserved as such ,within reason)49.在生态林业较为先进的欧洲，没有成为商业化对象的树种被视为原始森林群落的成员适当地加以保护。50It tends to ignore,andthus eventually to eliminate, many elements in the landcommunitythat lack commercial value, but that are essential to itshealthyning.)50.他容易忽视并最终消灭很多缺乏商业价值的物种，然而这些物种对于整个生物群落的健康运行是至关重要的。2009年46.It may be said that the measure of the worth of any social institution is its effect in enlarging and improving experience ,but this effect is not a part of its original motive 词汇考察：题目中measure, institution, effect, improve, original，motive,都曾在历年真题中出现过。句法考察：考察了被动语态，it is said that其翻译方法是：据说，人们说，加入情态动词后变成可以说。Of格the measure of the worth of any social institution很容易掌握，任何社会机构价值的衡量。句首it不必翻译，因为是形式主语。可以说,任何社会机构价值的衡量在扩大和改进的效果，但这种效果并不是它的原始动机。47. Only gradually was the by-product of the institution noted. and only more gradually still was this effect considered as a directive factor in the conduct of the institution。词法考察：gradually, consider, directive，均为核心词汇且均在真题中有所体现。语法考察：倒装句型。Only置于句首，句子用倒装，因为要用正装语序翻译。只能是机构的附带结果被逐渐的提及；也仍然只能是在机构行动中作为指导性因素的结果才能逐渐的被提及。48. while it is easy to ignore in our contact with them the effect of our acts upon their disposition. it is not so easy as in dealing with adults.词法考察：while考过很多次，都是尽管，然而。Ignore，contact with，disposition，deal with。句法考察：it做形式主语。in our contact with them，是状语成分，故难点在于ignore 的宾语是否能找到。在我们接触他们（指代不清）的时候，很容易忽略我们处于他们位置的行为结果，然而在我们处理与成年人的关系时，却不是那么容易忽略这一点。49. Since our chief business with them is to enable them to share in a common life we cannot help considering whether or not we are forming the powers which will secure this ability.词法考察：since，business，enable to，cannot help doing，secure。句法考察：since表示既然，因此是原因状语从句。既然我们对他们（代词指代不清）的主要任务是使他们能够与我们共同生活，所以我们就不得不考虑我们是否正在形成一种能确保这种能力的势力。50. We are thus led to distinguish. within the broad educational process which we have been so far considering. a more formal kind of education-that of direct tuition or schooling.词法考察：distinguish，consider，tuition。句法考察：lead to, 定语从句,have been doing,完成进行时。因此在我们目前为止一直认真思考的漫长的的教育进程中，我们被引导去识别更加正式的教育，即直接支付学费或者奖学金2008年46 he believes that this very difficulty may have had the compensating advantage of forcing him to think long and intently about every sentence, and thus enabling him to detect errors in reasoning and in his own observations,参考答案：他相信，或许这种困难也有其好处，正是这种困难促使他能够长时间专注地思考每一个句子；从而能够在推理和自己的观察中发现错误。解析本句属于典型的长句题，篇幅长，结构层叠，意在考察考生分析句子结构的能力。本句的句法结构为主语、谓语加上以that引导的宾语从句，句子主干为he believes that.that从句的结构是主语this very difficulty 加上含有情态动词的谓语may have 及其宾语the.advantage of forcing., and thus enabling.。Of后面forcing和enabling组成并列结构，共同修饰advantage。并列结构的后半部分中，出现了thus enabling.，考前充分研究过往年考题的同学不难发现，这个结构和03年61题的thus subjecting.这个结构几乎完全相同，可以使用从而、因而等词来处理。本题中的词汇考点中绝大部分都是传统考点。句子中的compensating 曾在97年75题出现过，advantage 在90年65题中考过，force在2000年73题中考过， observation在02年62题中考过。47 He asserts, also, that his power to follow a long and purely abstract train of thought was very limited, for which reason he felt certain that he never could have succeeded with mathematics.参考答案：达尔文还声称，对于冗长且完全抽象的思想，他的理解能力十分有限。因为这个原因，他确信自己在数学方面根本不会成功。 试题解析本句主干结构为主语he加上谓语asserts，后跟that引导的宾语从句。宾语从句的结构是his power to. was.，其中不定式to引导的部分 follow .of thought做power的定语；而在for which reason所引导的非限制性定语从句中，又包含一个由that引导的宾语从句。for which reason引导非限定性定语从句，结构复杂，信息量较大，应该采用后置法翻译，比较简便的方法是翻译为由于这个原因。本题涉及到的词汇中也有不少往年考点的重现。如abstract在03年65题考过，而reason，reasoning，reasoned，reasonable这类单词考过无数次。Asserts 一词，同46题中引出观点的believe一词，也曾反复考察过多次，功能相同常考词还有 argue, claim, contend, point out, state 等。值得注意到是，虽然follow一词以前也曾出现过（02年74题），但是理解这个意思是第一次考察。48 On the other hand, he did not accept as well founded the charge made by some of his critics that, while he was a good observer, he had no power of reasoning.参考答案另一方面，有些评论认为尽管达尔文善于观察，却并不善于推理。达尔文并不接受此种言论，认为这是没有根据的。试题解析 本句篇幅最短，但是难度最大。相信许多同学在第一遍阅读过这个句子的时候，将as well 理解为一个整体词组，用于引导并列结构。但是我们在课堂上所反复接触过的并列结构具备一个非常明显的特点，就是并列成分的时态形式统一。而本句中，accept使用原型，founded 则是被动语态（将founded 理解为find的过去式的同学也大有人在，这是混淆了found作为动词找到的过去式和动词建立的原型之间意义区别的结果）。其实，正确拆分本题的句法结构后，我们可以发现，这个结构与06年46、47题中连续出现的宾语和宾语补足语之间倒装的结构如出一辙。06年度题目中我们曾仔细分析过，谓语动词后如果跟了篇幅较长的宾语，在英语中往往会将宾语后置，而将宾语补足语前提。本句就是典型的将as well founded前提到accept 之后，而正常的语序应是 accept sth. as . 而accept的宾语charge这个词之后的that引导的是一个同位语从句。理解了这个最难的部分，其他的结构就相对简单很多了，而且多数是往年考点的重现。比如 on the other hand，在07年47题刚刚考察过；而由while引导的让步状语从句，while的意思等同于although, 也在99年61题等题目中间出现过。词汇方面，critics在95年71题出现过。49 He adds humbly that perhaps he was superior to the common run of men in noticing things which easily escape attention, and in observing them carefully.试题解析第四句话，相对简单一些，主干结构仍然是宾语从句，其中包含了一个由which引导的定语从句。同46题一样，本句中也有并列的分词短语结构，不过在此处应该处理成在做.事情的过程中。这并不是一个新的考点，曾在99年63题中出现过。参考答案他谦逊地补充道，或许他比普通人更能够注意到那些容易忽视的细节，并对其进行仔细的观察。50 Darwin was convinced that the loss of these tastes was not only a loss of happiness, but might possibly be injurious to the intellect, and more probably to the moral character.试题解析本题的主干结构还是宾语从句 be convinced that, 其中谓语部分包含常考点被动语态be convinced that.，这个结构在98年75题出现过。宾语从句中的not only. but结构，和to. and to.结构都是常考的并列结构，我们曾在课堂上复习过多次。本题考查点是宾语从句。主干是Darvin was convinced that.。其中宾语从句的结构是the loss of these tastes was not only., but.be injurious to ., and to .。单词injurious是超纲词，我们曾经分析过，超纲词的处理方法之一是拆分并寻找熟悉的部分。相信大部分同学可以通过观察迅速发现，这个词同injury和injure等大纲单词是同根词。其他词汇，如moral在97年和03年都考过，character在02年61题考过。参考答案达尔文坚信，失去这些（对音乐和绘画的）兴趣，不仅会失去幸福，而且还可能损害智力发展，甚至可能损害道德。2007年（1）Traditionally, legal learning has been viewed in such institutions as the special preserve of lawyers, rather than a necessary part of the intellectual equipment of an educated person.评析：从全句角度去把握意思，而非拘泥于某一个词，是做翻译不容易达到的境界。本句有institutions和preserve都容易混淆如何处理。难点：词义的处理和服从上下文。重点：rather than的意义是取舍关系。翻译：传统上来说，法学知识一直被认为是律师们的专利，而非受过教育的人们必需的知识装备。（2）On the other, it links these concepts to everyday realities in a manner which is parallel to the links journalists forge on a daily basis as they cover and comment on the news.评析：这句话的关键在于对which角色的理解，其实是联系了前后的links，并作出比较。难点：从句很长，要把修饰关系理清楚，links同时也是forge的宾语。重点：从句，还有cover，forge的翻译。翻译：另一方面，法律把日常生活和这些概念联系起来的方式，与记者们在日常基础上，在报道和评论新闻时联系这两者的方式很相似。（3）But the idea that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen rests on an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the new media.评析：表示因果关系的动词考研经常重复，有lie/rest/depend with/upon一般翻成“取决于”，“依赖于”。难点：established是“根深蒂固”的意思。重点：长修饰语的顺序，这点始终会是重点，我们一定很熟悉的运用，idea这个同位语从句的处理。同位语从句一般在that后面有完整的主谓宾结构，定语从句则缺乏主语或者宾语。翻译：但是认为记者必须比普通公民更深谙法律的观点，主要来自于对新闻媒体久已有之的传统和特殊责任的理解。（4）In fact, it is difficult to see how journalists who do not have a clear grasp of the basic features of the Canadian Constitution can do a competent job on political stories.评析：这句话最典型的就是它的形式主语，一般直接翻真实主语，形式主语忽略不计。难点：grasp是理解的意思，stories虽然简单，一般要根据全句翻成“事件”，job翻成“报道”，因为是说的记者的工作。全句的结构要流畅。重点：长修饰语顺序的控制和符合中文表达习惯。翻译：事实上，很难看到对加拿大宪法的基本特点缺乏了解的记者能对政治事件作出具有竞争力的报道。（5）While comment and reaction from lawyers may enhance stories, it is preferable for journalists to rely on their own notions of significance and make their own judgments.评析：和上句一样，形式主语，小词的处理是最不好做的。难点：notions of significance是“是非观，价值观”的意思，很难做到这一步。重点：preferable，enhance的处理要符合汉语习惯。翻译：虽则来自律师的评论和反应能使事件的报道增色不少，记者们依赖自己的是非观念去作出自己的判断则更为可取。最后要附带说说做题的模式，划线句子是得分的关键，不划线的部分一般不用看，除非在划线句子中的重要位置出现了代词，通常就是指主语是代词，那么最好把前面一句非划线部分的句子读清楚，一般就可以得出结论了。做题的时间最好不要超过20分钟，如果可以在15分钟之内把题目做完就最好。2006年：1. I shall define him as an individual who has elected as his primary duty and pleasure in life the activity of thinking in Socratic(苏格拉底)way about moral problems。译文：我认为，知识分子的定义是这样的：他选择使用苏格拉底式的方式来思考道德问题，将此作为自己人生的首要任务，并从中获得乐趣。2. His function is analogous to that of a judge , who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a matter as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision。译文：他的职责与法官相似，要尽可能清楚明白地展示自己作出决定的推理过程，这是他必须承担的责任。3. I have excluded him because, while his accomplishments may contribute to the solution of moral problems , he has not been charged with the task of approaching any but the factual aspects of those problems 。 译文：我将普通科学家排除在外的原因是，尽管他的成果可能有助于解决道德问题，但是他承担的任务只不过是研究这些问题的事实方面而已。4. But his primary task is not to think about the moral code, which governs his activity, any more than a businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of conduct in business。译文：但是，正如我们并不期望商人专注于探索商业行为的准则一样，普通科学家的首要任务也不是考虑支配自己行为的道德规范。5. They may teach very well , and more than earn their salaries, but most of them make little or no independent reflections on human problems which involve moral judgment。译文：知识分子可能很善于教书，而且不仅仅是为了挣钱。但是，对于涉及道德判断的人类问题，他们大多数人很少或者根本没有进行独立思考。2005年：1. Television is one of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyedand perhaps never before has it served so much to connect different peoples and nations as is the recent events in Europe。译文：电视是引发和传播这些感受的方式之一在连接不同民族和国家之间的关系方面，电视以前也许还从来没有像在欧洲最近发生的事件中那样，起过如此重大的作用。2. In Europe , as elsewhere multimedia groups have been increasingly successful groups which bring together television, radio newspapers, magazines and publishing houses that work in relation to one another 。译文：像其他地方一样，欧洲的多媒体集团变得越来越成功，他们把相互之间关系密切的电视、广播、报纸、杂志、出版社组合在一起。3. This alone demonstrates that the television business is not an easy world to survive in a fact underlined by statistics that show that out of eighty European television networks no less than 50% took a loss in 1989。译文：仅这一点就足以表明，要在电视行业里生存不是一件容易的事情；有统计数字进一步说明了这个事实，在1989年欧洲80个电视网中，有50%以上的出现了亏损。4. Creating a “European identity” that respects the different cultures and traditions which go to make up the connecting fabric of the Old continent is no easy task and demands a strategic choice。译文：不同的文化和传统把欧洲大陆编织在一起，要创造出一种尊重这些不同文化和传统的“欧洲特征”绝非易事，需要做出战略性的选择。5. In dealing with a challenge on such a scale , it is no exaggeration to say “United we stand, divided we fall”。译文：在应对如此规模挑战的过程中，可以毫不夸张地说：“联合，我们就胜利；分裂，我们就失败”。2004年：1. The Greeks assumed that the structure of language had some connection with the process of thought ， which took root in Europe long before people realized how diverse language could be。译文：希腊人认为，语言结构与思维过程之间存在着某种联系。早在人们认识到语言可能是千差万别的之前，这种观点就在欧洲扎下了根。2. We are obliged to them because some of these languages have since vanished， as the people who spoke them died out or became assimilated and lost their native languages。译文：我们非常感激他们，因为随着讲这些语言的民族的消亡或者被同化，这些民族也就丧失了自己的本族语言，其中一些语言在此之后就不复存在了。3. The newly described languages were often so strikingly different from the well studied languages of Europe and Southeast Asia that some scholars even accused Boas and Sapir of fabricating their data。译文：新近被描述的语言与已被充分研究过的欧洲语言和东南亚语言明显不同，因此有些学者甚至指责博尔斯和萨皮尔的资料是编造出来的。4. Being interested in the relationship of the language and thought ，Whorf developed the idea that the structure of the language determines the structure of habitual thought in a society 。译文：由于对语言与思维的关系非常感兴趣，沃夫形成了这样一个观点： 语言结构决定一个社会的习惯思维结构。5. Whorf came to believe in a sort of linguistic determinism which，in its strongest form，states that language imprisons the mind，and that the grammatical patterns in a language can produce farreaching consequences for the culture of a society。译文：沃夫进而相信某种类似语言决定论的观点，该观点极端地认为： 语言束缚思维，语言的语法结构能够对一个社会的文化产生深远的影响。2003年： 1. Furthermore ，humans have the ability to modify the environment in which they live， thus subjecting all other life forms to their own peculiar ideas and fancies。译文：而且，人类还有能力改变自己的生存环境，从而使其他所有形式的生命服从与他们自己特有的想法和想象。2. Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned，orderly，systematic，and dispassioned manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena。译文：社会科学是知识探索的一个分支，它试图像自然科学家研究自然现象那样，用理性的、有序的、系统的和客观的方式来研究人类及其行为。3. The emphasis on data gathered firsthand ， combined with a crosscultural perspective brought to the analysis of cultures past and present ，makes this study a unique and distinctly important social science。译文：强调收集第一手资料，并在分析过去和现在的文化时采用跨文化视角，使得这一研究成为一门独特的、非常重要的社会科学。4. Tylor defined culture as“that complex whole which includes belief，art，morals，law，custom and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society”。译文：泰勒把文化定义为“一个复合整体，它包括人作为社会成员所获得的信仰、艺术、道德、法律、风俗以及其他的能力和习惯”。5. Thus，the anthropological concept of “culture” ，like the concept of “set” in mathematics，is an abstract concept which makes possible immense amounts of concrete research and understanding。译文：因此，人类学中的“文化”的概念，就像数学中“集”的概念一样，是一个抽象概念，它使得大量的具体研究和认识成为可能。或者：因此，就像数学中“集”的概念一样，人类学中的“文化”的概念是一个抽象概念，它使得大量的具体研究和认识成为可能。2002年：1. One difficulty is that almost all of what is called behavioral science continues to trace behavior to states of mind, feelings, traits of character, human nature, and so on 。译文：难题之一在于几乎所有的所谓行为科学仍然是从心态、情感、性格特征、人性等方面去探究行为的根源。2. The behavioral sciences have been slow to change partly because the explanatory items often seem to be directly observed and partly because other kinds of explanations have been hard to find 。译文：行为科学之所以发展缓慢，部分地是因为对行为的解释好像经常可以直接观察到，部分地是因为一直难以找到其他的解释。3. The role of natural selection in evolution was formulated only a little more than a hundred years ago , and the selective role of the environment in shaping and maintaining the behavior of the individual is only beginning to be recognized and studied。译文：自然选择在进化中的作用仅仅在一百多年前才得以阐明，而对于环境在塑造和维持个体行为中的选择作用则刚刚才开始得到认识和研究。4. They are the possessions of the autonomous selfgoverning man of traditional theory , and they are essential to practices in which a person is held responsible for his conduct and given credit for his achievements。译文：自由和尊严是传统理论中自主人所拥有的东西，也是一个人在对自己的行为负责并因其成就而受到赞扬的实践中所必不可少的东西。5. Until these issues are resolved, a technology of behavior will continue to be rejected, and with it possibly the only way to solve our problems 。译文：除非这些问题得到解决，否则行为科学将会继续受到排斥，随之，唯一有可能解决问题的方法也将受到排斥。2001年1. There will be television chat shows hosted by robots ， and cars with pollution monitors that will disable them when they offend。译文：届时将会出现由机器人主持的电视谈话节目，也会有装备着污染监控器的汽车，一旦汽车的排污超标，监控器就会使其停驶。2. Children will play with dolls equipped with personality chips ， computers with inbuilt personalities will be regarded as workmates rather than tools ， relaxation will be in front of smelltelevision， and digital age will have arrived。译文：儿童将会与装有个性化芯片的玩具娃娃玩耍，具有个性内置的计算机将成为 人们的 工友而非工具，人们将在气味电视前休闲，届时数字时代就到来了。3. Pearson has pieced together the work of hundreds of researchers around the world to produce a unique millennium technology calendar that gives the latest dates when we can expect hundreds of key breakthroughs and discoveries to take place 。译文：皮尔逊把世界各地数百位研究人员的成果汇集在一起，制成了一个具有独特技术的千年历，我们有望从中看到数百项重大突破和发现的最晚日期。4. But that，Pearson points out，is only the start of manmachine integration : “It will be the beginning of the long process of integration that will ultimately lead to a fully electronic human before the end of the next century ”。译文：但是皮尔逊指出，这个突破仅仅只是人机一体化的开始：它是人机一体化漫长道路的第一步，到下个世纪末之前，将会最终研制出完全电子化的仿真人。5. And home appliances will also become so smart that cont