高中英语 Unit18 主谓一致 语法考点超级归纳素材.doc

unit18 主谓一致 语法考点超级归纳素材主谓一致（concord）是指主语与谓语在人称和数等方面的一致。关于主谓一致，有三个原则：语法一致（grammatic concord）、意义一致（notional concord）和邻近一致（proximity concord）。考点一：语法一致语法一致是指主语和谓语在人称和数上一致。主语的形式用法说明例句不同形式的主语主语是一个单数名词、一个动名词短语、一个不定式短语或一个主语从句时，谓语动词用单数形式；主语是复数名词，两个或两个以上动名词短语、不定式短语或主语从句时，谓语动词用复数形式most londoners are not happy with the idea. 大多数伦敦人不赞同这个主张。keeping plants alive during long land or sea voyages was an enormous challenge.使植物在水陆远距离航行时存活，是一个巨大的挑战。the question of whether english will continue changing in the future is easy to answer. 将来英语是否会继续变化，这个问题很容易回答。giving up using the net is the best decision ive ever made. 放弃使用因特网是我所做的最好的决定。bushwalking, fishing, horse riding, tennis, golf and sailing are all popular. 丛林徒步旅行、钓鱼、骑马、网球运动、高尔夫球运动和帆船运动都很受欢迎。跟有介词短语的主语主语后面跟有介词短语或其他插入语，如with, together with, along with, as well as, besides, like, but, except, including, in addition to, such as等，不影响主语的人称和数，谓语根据主语的单复数来确定healthy eating along with exercise is the only way to become fit. 健康的饮食加上经常锻炼是保持健康的唯一途径。pronunciation, as well as grammar and vocabulary, changes very quickly from one area to another. 发音与语法和词汇一样，在各个不同的地方都变化很快。everyone here, including your daughter, is behaving very coldly towards you. 这里的每一个人，包括您的女儿，都对您很冷淡。flies, wasps, beetles, and other animals such as birds and bats are less common. 苍蝇、黄蜂、甲虫和其它诸如鸟、蝙蝠之类的动物是较少见的。不定代词作主语主语是不定代词one, another, the other, either, each, somebody, anybody, everybody, nobody, someone, any- one, everyone, no one, something, anything, everything, nothing时，谓语用单数形式everyone was calm. 每个人都很镇静。no one asks him to do the job, and no one pays him for it. 没有人要求他做这个工作，也没有人为此付钱给他。nobody knows exactly how many species of plants and animals there are on earth. 没有人确切地知道地球上有多少种植物和动物。one is from the usa and the other two are from the uk. 一个来自美国，另外两个来自英国。another is to ensure all children complete primary education. 另外一个（目标）是确保所有的孩子都能完成初级教育。复数形式的名词作主语主语是glasses, shorts, shoes, gloves, scissors, trousers等复数名词时，谓语用复数形式。若其前有“pair / kind / type .of”时，谓语动词的数与pair, kind, type等的数一致the trousers are all right. now please try on the shirt. 裤子很合身。现在请试穿衬衫。a pair of shoes is lying under the bed. 床底下放着一双鞋子。thousands of pairs of glassess are produced in this factory each year. 每年这个厂生产成千上万副眼镜。定语从句中关系代词作主语引导定语从句的关系代词who, which, that在从句中作主语时，定语从句中的谓语动词要与定语从句所修饰的先行词的数一致i turned around and glared at the person who was humming. 我转过身瞪着那个正在小声哼唱的人。we saw abandoned farms which were built more than a hundred years ago. 我们看到了废弃的农场，这些农场是一百多年前建成的。注意：1）“more than单数名词”结构作主语时，尽管表示复数概念，但谓语习惯上用单数。例如：more than one student was absent yesterday. 昨天不止一名学生缺课。“many a单数名词”结构作主语时，谓语也用单数。例如：many a tourist has died in that terrible snowstorm. 许多游客在那次暴风雪中丧生。2）若先行词是“one of +复数名词”，定语从句的谓语用复数形式；而当先行词为“the only one of +复数名词”时，定语从句的谓语则用单数形式。例如：she is one of the persons who know that strange language. 她是懂那门奇怪语言的人们中的一个。she is the only one (of the persons) who knows that strange language. 她是懂那门奇怪语言的唯一的人。考点二：意义一致意义一致是指谓语动词的单复数形式与主语的意义一致。主语的形式用法说明例句-s结尾的名词作主语主语是maths, physics, politics等名词时，谓语用单数形式do you think physics is difficult to learn? 你认为物理难学吗？maths is one of the most important courses in middle schools. 数学是中学里最重要的课程之一。复数意义的集体名词作主语主语是people（人民），police, cattle, poultry (家禽)等名词时，谓语动词用复数形式peopleoftenuse body language on purpose. 人们经常故意使用肢体语言。police have not ruled out the possibility that justin was taken by aliens, but are also looking into other possibilities. 警察没有排除贾斯汀被外星人带走的可能性，但是他们也在调查其他的可能性。dairy cattle are now specialized animals, and most of them give large volumes of milk. this milk is made into various products, including cheese, yogurt, butter, and ice cream. 乳牛现为特种动物，大多数产奶量大。这些牛奶制成各种不同的产品，如奶酪、酸奶、黄油和冰激凌。集体名词作主语主语是audience, class, crowd, committee, family, group, team等名词时，如果作为整体看待，谓语动词用单数形式；如果当作一个个成员看待，谓语动词用复数形式who is the audience for your ad campaign? 谁是你广告宣传活动的受众？our group are all going to visit the chimps in the forest. 我们一行人都准备去拜访森林里的黑猩猩。the government has also invested money in cleaning the river. 政府也正在投资净化河水。某些不定代词作主语主语是不定代词all, some, any, neither, none, more, most以及the rest, half等时，若指代不可数名词时，谓语用单数形式；若指代复数可数名词时，谓语用复数形式all of this is wonderful, but the best part of the film is the acting. 所有这些都很精彩，但电影最精彩的部分是表演。all of these processes are a form of natural evolution. 所有这些过程都是自然进化的一种形式。some of the techniques of good readers are discussed below. 以下讨论优秀读者的一些技巧。none of these actions is either good or bad. 这些行为都无所谓好坏。about half the kids take the bus to school and the other half come by car with their parents. 大约一半的孩子乘公交车上学，另外一半的孩子由父母开车送到学校。单复数同形的名词作主语主语是deer, fish, sheep, means, works, chinese, japanese等词时，要视其意义来确定谓语动词用单数形式还是复数形式the chinese are the friendliest people i have ever met. 中国人是我所见过的最友好的人民。some fish attract other fish with a light on their body and then eat them! 有些鱼用身上的光吸引其他的鱼，然后吃掉它们！these art works are not all displayed at the same time. 这些艺术品并不是同时展出的。the steel works lies in the east of the town. 这家钢铁厂位于城东。分数/百分数作主语主语是“分数/百分数of名词”时，要根据of后的名词的数来确定谓语动词的单复数all of the citys hospitals, 75% of its factories and buildings and 90% of its homes were gone.所有的市内医院、75%的工厂和建筑物、90%的家园都消失了。for example, 80% of e-mails on the internet are in english. 比如，因特网上80%的电子邮件用的是英语。about two thirds of the earths surface is covered by the seas which are home to millions of species of plants and animals. 地球表面大约三分之二被海洋覆盖，这里是上百万植物和动物的栖居地。表示时间、距离等复数名词作主语主语是表示时间、距离、重量、金额等复数名词时，谓语动词通常用单数形式ten pounds is enough. 10英镑就够了。a hundred miles is a long distance. 100英里是一段很长的距离。twenty years isnt a long time. 20年的时间不长。today, five years in a job is a long time and some people even change jobs every two years. 如今，从事一份工作5年是很长的一段时间，有些人甚至每两年就换一次工作。“名词and名词”结构作主语并列主语“名词and名词”结构表示同一个人，同一件事或同一种概念时，谓语动词用单数形式bread and milk is healthy food. 面包牛奶是健康食品。fish and chips is popular with children. 炸鱼和土豆片很受孩子喜爱。the poet and writer is coming to our school tomorrow. 那位诗人兼作家明天要来我们学校。all work and no play makes jack a dull boy. 只学习不玩耍，聪明孩子也变傻。my friend and guide, wang ping, was very helpful to me. 我的朋友兼导游王平对我帮助很大。“each / every单数名词and单数名词”等结构作主语当“each / every单数名词and单数名词”或“each / every单数名词andeach / every单数名词”结构作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式in other words, every action and movement in beijing opera is important. 换句话说，京剧中每一个动作和姿势都很重要。 each boy and each girl has a beautiful dream. 每位少男少女都有美好的梦想。注：1）复数形式的专有名词作主语时，通常作为整体看待，谓语动词用单数形式。例如：the united states is a developed country. 美国是个发达国家。2）“a number of复数名词”意为“许多”，作主语时谓语动词用复数；“the number of复数名词”意为“的数目/数量”，作主语时谓语动词用单数。the number of young people with money to spend was on the increase and sport had never been so popular. 有钱消费的年轻人的数量在增加，而体育运动也得到前所未有的普及。a number of students are going abroad for further study. 很多学生打算出国深造。3）疑问代词who, which, what作主语时，谓语动词用单数还是复数要视语境而定。例如：who likes / like playing computer games? 谁喜欢玩电脑游戏？what is / are on the table? 桌子上有什么？which is / are your favourite book / books? 你