高中英语 介词的用法表格版素材.doc

介词的用法表示时间的介词in指在较长的一段时间内，后接大于一天的时间单位名词。eg: in august/ in 2015/ in winter/ in the 21st century/ in his life后接时间段，如果用于将来时，译为“之后”。如果用于一般过去时，译为“在之内”。eg:i will be back in 3 hours. 他3小时以后回来。 he came back in 3 hours. 他在3小时以内就回来了。 泛指在上午，下午或晚上。eg: she seldom reads in the evening. i usually go to the market to buy vegetables in the morning.at后接时间点，即在点钟，时刻eg: at six oclock/ at noon/ at that time/ at the beginning ofon表示在具体的某一天。eg: on my birthday/ on the following day/ on that day表示在具体某一天的上下午或晚上。eg: on sunday morning/ on the night of august 10/ on a sunny afternoonduring表示在某段时间内，某一动作自始至终地进行。eg: during the meal we talked about the tv play. the shop was closed during the whole three months.for后接时间段，表示动作持续的时间。表示延续到现在已经多长时间。eg: they have lived in china for two years.表示过去的某个动作持续过多久。eg: they lived in china for two years.表示某一动作将要持续多久。eg: they will stay in china for two years.since译为自从，后接过去的时间点，表示某一动作自过去某时延续至今，做现在完成时的时间状语。eg: i havent written home since christmas.afterafter后接时间段，用于过去时。 eg: they got married after a year.after后接时间点，用于将来时。eg:he will arrive after 3 oclock.by“不迟于某时”，包括某时在内。eg: i will finish the work by friday. (包括星期五)before“在某时之前”，不包括某时在内。eg:i will finish the work before friday. (不包括星期五)表示地点的介词on指在某物的表面上，与物体表面接触，反义词为beneath。eg: a lovely cat is lying on the table. the ground beneath their feet is soft.in在之上，暗示占去了某物的一部分。eg: there is a hole in the wall. he is lying in bed. there is a bird in the tree.above指在物体的斜上方，反义词为below.eg: the plane flew above the clouds. the moon sank below the hills.over指在物体的垂直正上方，也有覆盖，越过之意。反义词为under.eg: i saw a stone bridge over the river. the thief climbed over the wall and ran away. he is hiding under the bed.方位介词between表示在两者之间。eg: lets start out between 7 a.m. and 8 a.m. the little girl was sitting between her parents.among表示在三者或更多者之间。eg: he was happy to be among the friends again. there was a village among the hills.through表示从内部穿过，即空间穿过。eg: we walked through the forest.across表示从表面上通过，即平面穿过。eg: he swam through the river.past表示从旁边经过。eg: they drove past a big supermarket.over表示从上方跨过。eg: the plane flew over the great wall.表示“除了外”except表示“除之外（其他的都）”，其后的宾语是被排除在外的。eg: all the students took part in the sports meeting except tom.besides表示“除之外（其他的也）”，其后的宾语是被包括在内的。eg:we need three more chairs besides these two.but指“除了之外，什么也没有”，but 后的词是仅有或存在的内容，通常与nothing, nobody, no等否词连用。eg: there is nothing but a desk in the room.except for指除去整体中不好的部分。eg: all the buildings are excellent except for their location.表示工具，手段，材料with多指使用具体的工具或是身体部位。eg: i cut the cake with a knife. we see with our eyes.in使用某种语言，或使用某种墨水。eg: can you sing it in japanese? dont write these numbers in pencil. write them in black ink.表示“