高中英语语法复习 第十八讲 代词讲练.doc

十八 代词语法精讲 代词的用法: 1) 人称代词: 表示 我,你,他,我们,你们,他们等 的词叫做人称代词。人称代词有人称,数和格之分。 主格宾格主格宾格第一人称imeweus第二人称youyouyouyou第三人称hehimsheheritittheythemit的主要用法：what is this? it is a harvester (刚提到的事物)who is making the noise? it must be the children (指未明身份的人或物)it is fine. （天气等自然现象） it is 6 oclock （时间，季节）it is about five miles to the summer place. （距离）it will be lovely in the park today. （环境情况等）it is foolish of you to be still worrying about it. (形式主语)he found it difficult to learn english （形式宾语）it s through struggle that we learn this truth （强调句） 2) 物主代词: 表示所有关系的代词叫做物主代词。物主代词可分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词两种。列表如下。形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词单 数复 数单 数复 数第一人称myourmineours第二人称yourouryoursyours第三人称his her itstheirhis hers itstheirs 形容词性物主代词可用作定语,例如: i love my country. 我热爱我的国家。 名词性的物主代词可用作主语,宾语,表语以及与of 连接的定语。 li huas bike is red, and yours is green. 李华的自行车是红色的,而你的是绿色的。 3）反身代词: 表示我自己,你自己,他自己,我们自己,你们自己,他们自己等的词叫做反身代词。反身代词第一, 二人称构成是由形容词性物主代词加 -self (复数加 -selves )构成。 第三人称反身代词是由人称代词宾格形式加 - self (复数加 - selves ) 构成。单数复数第一人称myselfourselves第二人称yourselfyourselves第三人称himself, herself, itselfthemselves反身代词的用法:可用作宾语,表语,以及主语宾语的同位语。 i am teaching myself computer. 我自学计算机。 you should ask the children themselves.你应该问一问孩子们自己。 4）指示代词: 表示this, that, these, those以及such, the same等词叫做指示代词。指示代词在句中作主语, 宾语, 表语, 定语。 指示代词的用法: this 和 these 表示时间上或空间上较近的人或物。that 和those 则表示较远的人或物。 these are cars. 这些是汽车。 i am busy these days. 我这些日子很忙。 that is not a room.那不是一间房间。 those are threes. 那些是树。 that 和those 还可以指前文中的事物, this 和 these 指下文中将要讲到的事物。他们起一种承上或启下的作用。 i got up late, thats why i missed the bus. 我起床迟了,这就是为什么我没赶上车。 5) 不定代词: 没有明确指定代替任何特定名词或形容词的词叫做不定代词,常用的不定代词如下: all,any,another,both,each,every,either,every,few,little,many,much,no,none,neither,one,other, some以及由 some, any, no, every 和 body, one, thing构成的复合词。 不定代词的用法： 代替名词或形容词。在句中可用作主语, 宾语，表语和定语。 everybody should be here in time tomorrow. 明天大家都要按时到。 thats all i know.这就是我知道的。 不定代词的具体用法: any 一些,任何。 any 多用作否定或疑问句中,any 在句中作主语, 宾语, 定语。 any作定语时,它所修饰的名词没有单复数限制。 any 用在肯定句中,表示任何。do you have any books?你有书吗? you can come any time.你什么时候都可以来。 some 一些,某些,某个。 some 多用在肯定句中,表示邀请或者对方可能给予肯定回答的疑问句中等。 there are a lot of flowers in the garden, some are white, which i like very much. i am going to get some ink. 我去弄点墨水。 will you have some coffee, please?喝点咖啡吗？ no 无.在句中作定语.表示否定,语气要比 not any 强. no one 后不接of she knows no english.她根本就不懂英语。 none 无人,无物,无东西.在句中作主语 ,定语,宾语 its none of your business.这不关你的事。 many 许多.句中作主语,宾语,定语. many 代替可数名词。much 代替不可数名词。 many of the students like english very much.许多学生非常喜欢英语。 there is not much ink in the bottle.瓶子里没多少墨水了。 a few几个, a little一点儿, few没几个, little 没多少。它们在句中作主语,宾语,定语,其中 a few 和 few 代替可数名词 , a little 和 little 代替不可数名词，它们表示少量,不多,几个, 只是主观上的一种相对说法，并没有具体的数量标准。 few of the books are cheap now. 现在没几本儿书是便宜的。 a few friends came to see me yesterday. 昨天有几个朋友来看我。 i have a little money to buy the book.我的这点钱能买这本书。 there is little water in the thermos.暖水瓶没多少水了。 either（两者之一）, neither（两者都不）, both（两者全都） if you can sit still, you may sit at _ end of the boat another, other, the other, others单数复数泛指another（另外一个）作定语作主语，宾语other (comrade)others特指the other另外那个the other (comrades)the othersjust think what our country will be like in another ten years. show me another, please four of us are in the workshop. what about the others. other people may not think that way. others may object your idea.one, that , those that, those可以用来代替前面提到的东西(可数名词或者不可数名词)。 the machines are better than those we turned out last year. the oil output in 1968 was much higher than that (the oil output) of 1966. 如果这些名词是单数可数名词， the ones用的时候多一些。 my room was lighter than the ones next door. one有时也可用代词, 代替前面提到的东西来避免重复这个名词（可数名词）。 do you need my pen? no, thanks, i have got one. your question is a difficult one. take down the book for me, the one with a red cover. the large ones are 45 yuan each.语法精练：1. meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment, _ i will always treasure.a. that b. one c. it d. what2. the parkers bought a new house but _ will need a lot of work before they can move in.a. they b. it c. one d. which3. few pleasures can equal _ of a cool drink on a hot day.a. some b. any c. that d. those4. -why dont we take a little break?-didnt we just have _?a. it b. that c. one d. this5. equipped with modern facilities, todays libraries differ greatly from _.a. those of the past b. the past c. which of the past d. these past6. some people would rather ride bikes as bike riding has _ of the trouble of taking buses.a. nothing b. none c. some d. neither7. -he was nearly drowned once.-when was _?-_ was in 1998 when he was in middle school.a. that; it b. this; this c. this; it d. that; this8. -your coffee smells great!-its fro