初中英语语法第3集 名师讲解+中考真题欣赏+配套练习题.doc

初中英语语法第3集 名师讲解+中考真题欣赏+配套练习题初中英语语法english grammar（本集第六至八章，第六章、形容词。第七章、副词，第八章、介词。有详细的基础知识复习与总结基础，适合初中生；有中考真题欣赏，有答案与解析；有配套练习题及答案或者答案解析。）前言 本资料为初中英语语法，为初中英语语法学习者准备，内容具体，简单易懂。是本人这个暑假参考语法书籍进行整编，并于暑期社会实践初中英语家教作为教案材料。现与广大好友分享！目录第一章 构词法（word-formation）第二章 名词（nouns）第三章 冠词（articles）第四章 代词（pronouns）第五章 数词（numerals）第六章 形容词（adjectives）第七章 副词（adverbs）第八章 介词（prepositions）第九章 动词（verbs）第十章 动词的时态（tenses）第十一章 动词的语态（voices）第十二章 限定动词与非限定动词（finite and non-finite verbs）第十三章 简单句（the simple sentences）第十四章 it的用法（the use of “it”）第十五章 并列句（the compound sentences）第十六章 主从复合句（the complex sentences）-宾语从句第十七章 主从复合句（the complex sentences）-状语从句第十八章 主从复合句（the complex sentences）-定语从句*第六章 形容词（adjectives）1 形容词的作用1） 作定语 e.g. english is a useful language.2） 作表语 e.g. the little girl is lovely.【注】 a.大多数形容词即可作定语又可作表语，但有少数形容词只能作表语，不能作定语，如：alive，asleep，alone，awake，afraid，unable等。如只能说living people，不能说alive people b有些形容词只能作定语，不能作表语。如：many，little，wooden，golden等。如：这是个木制的盒子：可以说this is a wooden box. 不能说 this box is wooden.3） 作宾语补足语 e.g. we should keep our working room clean.4） “the+定冠词”结构有些形容词前面加上定冠词the，相当于名词，表示一类人或事物，其谓语动词常用复数，表示抽象概念时，其谓语动词用单数，在句中可作主语、表语或宾语。e.g. the old and the sick like a quiet place.（作主语）the new is not always the best.（作主语、表语）they are going to build a school for the blind, the deaf and the dumb.（作宾语）2 形容词的位置1） 形容词修饰名词作定语时一般放在它所修饰的名词之前 e.g. a beautiful flower2） 与不定代词something，anything，everything，nothing等连用时，须放在这些词的后面 e.g. its nothing serious.3） 与表示度量的词连用，形容词要放在它所修饰词语的后面 e.g. he can swim across a river 200 meters wide.4） 由and或or所连接的两个形容词通常放在被修饰的名词之后，其强调修饰作用e.g. everyone, young or old, has his own strong point and weak point.5） 有两个或两个以上的形容词修饰同一个名词时，形容词排列的一般顺序 音节较短的形容词放在音节较长的形容词前 e.g. a rainy, windy and unpleasant day 与被修饰名词关系较密切的形容词靠近该名词 e.g. a great modern socialist country一个伟大的现代化社会主义国家 当冠词、代词、形容词、名词和分词同时修饰一个名词时，句子中的各种形容词的位置要由它们和被修饰名词的关系密切程度而定。关系最密切的最靠近名词，反而反之。从近到远的顺序依次是：名词或分词，颜色，大小，长短，较重，形状，性质，冠词或代词 e.g. a beautiful new red japanese car3 形容词的比较级和最高级1） 比较等级的构成 规则构成形容词的比较级和最高级的构成有两种形式：词尾加-er，est；在词前加more，most。采用何种形式，要看单词的音节多少和词尾的构成形式，详见下表：构成规则原级比较级最高级单音节词一般加-er和-estsmall，youngsmaller，youngersmallest，youngest以e结尾的只加-r和-stwide，largewider，largerwidest，largest重度闭音节词，如末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加-er和-estfatthinredfatterthinnerredderfattestthinnestreddest一辅音字母加y结尾的，先改y为i，再加-er和-estdrydrierdriest双音节词一辅音字母加y结尾的，同单音节词heavydirtyheavierdirtierheaviestdirtiest以ow，er，le，et结尾的，同单音节词narrowcleversimplequietnarrowercleverersimplerquieternarrowestcleverestsimplestquietest其他的在前面加more和mostcarefulfamousmore carefullymore famousmost carefulmost famous多音节词在前面加more和mostimportantinterestingbeautifulmore importantmore interestingmore beautifulmost importantmost interestingmost beautiful比较等级的不规则构成 原级 比较级 最高级 good, well better best bad, ill worse worst many, much more most old older, elder oldest, eldest little less least far farther, further farthest, furthest【注】 a.少数单音节词，如pleased，glad，tired，fond等，也可以在其前面加more，most构成比较级和最高级 b.less，least也可用来构成比较级和最高级，其意思和more，most相反2） 比较等级的用法原级间比较的句型a.表示比较的双方相等时用asas结构，即：主语+谓语（系动词）+as+形容词原级+as e.g. this jacket is as cheap as that one.这件夹克衫和那一件同样便宜。b.表示比较双方不相等时，用not so(as)as，即：主语+谓语（系动词）+not so(as)+形容词原级+as e.g. it isnt as cold as yesterday.今天没有昨天那么冷。比较级和最高级的用法 两个人或两个事物进行比较时用比较级，其结构是：主语+谓语（系动词）+形容词比较级+than+比较对象 e.g. i have two pencils. the red one is longer than the black one.使用形容词比较级时应注意的问题a.形容词比较级前可加much，even，still，a lot，far，a bit，a little，any之类表示程度的状语 e.g. your english is much better than mine.b.有时形容词比较级后面不用than，所比较的另一方省略 e.g. be more careful next time.c.表示“两者之间较”可用“the+形容词比较级+of the two” e.g. he is the stronger of the two.d.elder与eldest仅表示家庭成员中的年长；older与oldest则表示“旧”，“年老” e.g. my elder sister left for new york last month. mr. li is the oldest comrade in our office.e.比较级+and+比较级，表示“越来越” e.g. the story gets more and more exciting.f.the+比较级+the+比较级，表示“越越” e.g. the more he has, the more he wants.g.三者或三者以上的人或物进行比较时用形容词最高级。形容词最高级前要加定冠词the，后面跟of词组或in词组，说明比较范围。其结构是：主语+谓语（系动词）+the形容词最高级+（名词）+比较范围（of词组或in词组）。 e.g. jim is the tallest of the three.【注】a.形容词最高级可作表语，这时定冠词the可以省略 e.g. i think her plan is best. b.形容词最高级前可以加a或不定冠词来表示“非常” e.g. it is a most useful book.*2012真题欣赏【2012黔西南】13. which city has _population, beijing, guiyang or xingyi?xingyi, of course.a. the largest b. the smallest c. the most d. the least【解析】a. 考查形容词的最高级和对人口的修饰词。修饰人口数量的形容词可以用large或者small，而more或less 常用来修饰water，这是习惯用法。兴义的人口肯定没有北京和贵阳的多，因此选择b。【2012福建福州】36. shu-how lin is now one of_basketball players in the nba.a. popular b. more popular c. the most popular 【答案】c【解析】选c。考查形容词最高级的用法。由句尾“in the nba”可知这里的比较限制了范围，所以考虑用形容词的最高级形式，one of +形容词最高级+名词复数表示“最之一”。句意为“林书豪现在是nba最受欢迎的队员之一”。故选c。【2012贵州贵阳】40. “henry, you _ tell the teacher if you want to go out of the classroom.” “sorry, sir.” a. are supposed to b. are surprised to c. are afraid to【答案】a 考查形容词的用法。supposed意为“假定的;想像上的”be supposed to是固定用法，相当于should, 应该做某事； surprised 意为“惊奇的，惊讶的”；afraid意为“害怕的”。根据句意：亨利，如果你想离开教室，你应该告诉老师。对不起，老师。故选a.【2012.安徽省】32. we lost the match because they had _ players. they had eleven and we had only nine. a. stronger b. younger c. fewer d. more 【答案】c【2012.安徽省】38. -you are relaxing yourself here?-yes. it feels to walk slowly along the river.a. fantasticb. boring c. stranged. terrible【答案】a 【2012北京】28. i work hard this term, but peter works much _.a. hardb. harderc. hardestd. the hardest【答案】b【2012甘肃鸡西市】22. a_girl named dong xinyi looked after her disabled father.a. three-year-oldb. three-years-oldc. three years old【答案】a【2012甘肃鸡西市】23. i have great_ in learning math and i am so worried. a. troubleb. interestc. fun【答案】a【2012甘肃鸡西市】34. _exercise you take, _youll be.a. the fewer, the fatterb. the less, the fatterc. the less, the more fatter【答案】b【2012广东】40. eighteen kids died in the school bus accident in gansu province. its_ one that i have ever heard of.a. a very serious b. a more serious c. the most serious d. the least serious【答案】c【2012广西玉林】33. peter is _ than you, right? yes, but he is _ runner in our class. a. heavier; best b. heavy; the best c. heavier; the best d. heavy; better 【答案】c 【2012贵州安顺】22.his grandparents live _ in a small house, but they dont feel _ alonely; alonebalone; lonelyclonely; lonelydalone; alone【答案】b【2012贵州安顺】25.if there is _ pollution, the air in our city will bedirtier.aless; morebmore; muchcless; lessdmore; more 【答案】b【2012贵州铜仁】34.the weather in guiyang in summer is _than that in tongren. theyre different . a . cool b. much cooler c. hotd. much hotter【答案】b【解析】本题考查形容词比较级别。句中的than可知用比较级。根据常识可知：夏季贵阳比铜仁凉爽。故选b。 【2012黑龙江齐齐哈尔】22. a_girl named dong xinyi looked after her disabled father.a. three-year-oldb. three-years-oldc. three years old【答案】a【2012黑龙江齐齐哈尔】23. i have great_ in learning math and i am so worried. a. troubleb. interestc. fun【答案】a【2012黑龙江齐齐哈尔】34. _exercise you take, _youll be.a. the fewer, the fatterb. the less, the fatterc. the less, the more fatter【答案】b【2011湖北恩施】23. farmers have become _ in our hometown in recent years.a. more and more richb. richer and richerc. more rich and more rich【答案】b【2012 湖北黄石】34.the_you work at your lessons, the_results you will get.a.hard; good b.harder; good c.hard; better d.harder; better【答案】d【2012湖北荆州】27. how will the boss be back? in these days.a. farb. soonc. longd. often【答案】b【2012湖北荆州】30. do you know sound travels very fast? yes. but light travels sound.a. as fast asb. a little faster than c. much faster thand. slower than【答案】c【2012湖北十堰】29. -are you afraid of dogs?-yes. im _ of them. a. surprisedb. terrifiedc. embarrassedd. excited 【答案】b【2012湖北随州】24.the worlds population is growing _, and there is _ land and water for growing rice. a. larger; less b. larger; fewer c.more; less d.more; fewer【答案】a【2012湖北随州】30.its dangerous _ with the wild animal. a. for us to play b. of us playing c. for us playing d. of us to play 【答案】a 【2012湖北武汉】38. the smell of success around her shows that she is a dancing queen on the stage.a. sweet b. tasty c. final d. great 【答案】a【2012湖北咸宁】28.three _ injured students died in a hospital ineast chinas jiangsu province last year. sorry to hear that. but our government _ much about the school bus safety management. ca. serious; did b. bad; did c. seriously; has done d. badly; was done【答案】c 【2012湖北咸宁】34. which of the following underlined parts has different pronunciation? a. great b.feature c. peaceful d. dream【答案】a 【2012湖北孝感】26. lets go shopping at the new mall.why not shop online? its .a. expensive b. more expensive c. less expensive d. the most expensive【答案】c【2012湖北孝感】33. a number of volunteers willing to teach in chinas rural areas. yes, the number is getting .a. is; bigger and bigger b. are; bigger and biggerc. is; more and more d. are more and more【答案】b【2012湖北宜昌】37. why not ask bob to join us in the school trip? i cant tell if hes able to. hes always with his work. a. careful b. familiar c. casual d. busy【答案】d 【2012湖南常德】23. li huas shoes are as _ as zhang huis.a. cheap b. cheaper c. the cheaper【答案】a 【2012江苏淮安】11. mum, my little sister is crying all the time. mary, be ! she feels sick. you should take good care of her. a. patientb. lazyc. polited. fair【答案】a【2012江苏连云港】7. the first huaguoshan international golf open was success that we enjoyed ourselves very much. a. such a great b. a such great c. so a great d. a so great【答案】a【2012江苏连云港】10.why did you vote for maggie? because she is very . she always shares things with others. a. practical b. active c. generous d. energetic【答案】c【2012江苏南京】12.the golden gate bridge is a famous landmark in san francisco, the usa. which of the following words is created in the same way as the word landmark? a. unpleasant b. useless c. summertime d. surprising【答案】c 【2012江苏苏州】11. i had to call a taxi because the box was _ than id expected.a. heavy b. heavier c. the heavier d. the heaviest【答案】b【2012江苏无锡】5. why is the traffic today moving so slowly? we are running late! calm down. lets take route. turn left over there.a. a sameb. the samec. a differentd. the different 【答案】c【2012江苏宿迁】5. mr wu always spends a lot of time explaining things to us. he is so . a. cool b. patient c. selfish d. unfair【答案】b【2012江苏宿迁】11. jack, is there in todays newspaper?no, nothing. a. anything important b. something importantc. important anything d. important something 【答案】a【2012江苏宿迁】17. the meat smells . throw it away. a. well b. good c. badly d. bad 【答案】d【2012江苏徐州】11. why are you so , amy?i thought i lost my purse, but i didnt. i found it in my study!a. angry b. happy c. sad d. nervous【答案】b【2012江苏盐城】7.this schoolbag is not expensive. and the price of it is the of the three.a. lowestb. biggestc. highestd. smallest【答案】a【2012江苏扬州】6.she sang a song i believe i can fly in yangzhou english classics reading contest. i have never heard a voice than that before.a. goodb. wellc. betterd. best 【答案】c【2012江苏镇江】8. the new apples product (产品)”iphone 4s” is _ among the young people.a. meaningful b. traditional c. popular d. special【答案】c【2012江苏镇江】12. he speaks french well, but of course not _ a person born in france a. as clear as b. clearer than c. as clearly as d. the more clearly【答案】c【2012江西】28. my dog is very _. it is safe to touch him if you want to.a. smart b. brave c. happy d. friendly【答案】d【2012江西】33. you should practice more to improve your english, then youll be _ at it. a. good b. better c. best d. the best 【答案】b【2012辽宁大连】12.todayitsnormalformarriedwomentogoouttowork,butitwas_inthepast.a.commonb.morecommonc.lesscommond.themostcommon【答案】c【2012辽宁大连】5.donotusesomuchwater.its_.a.healthyb.usefulc.wastefuld.rude【答案】c【2012 内蒙古包头】26. it is our hope that we can live in a world and say goodbye to wars for ever. a. similar b. peaceful c. familiar d. natural 【答案】b【2012 呼和浩特】5. to live a green life, we should try to save _ energy and produce_ pollution.a. more; less b. less; more c. more; fewer d. most; least【答案】a【2012年福建省福州市】38. mrs brown is nice. every day she tried to cook _for me during my stay in canada. a. something different b. anything different c. nothing different【答案】a【2012年福建省福州市】36. shu-how lin is now one of _basketball players in the nba. a. popular b. more popular c. the most popular【答案】c【2012广东省梅州市】31. is this kind of pet _ a pet dog these days? a. as trendy as b. more trendier than c. much trendy than d .not so trendier as【答案】a【2012广东省梅州市】39. the old town of lijiang is _ with tourists for its beautiful old buildings. a. popular b. famous c. special d. different【答案】a【2012年广东省】40. eighteen kids died in the school bus accident in gansu province. its _ one that i have ever heard of. a. a very serious b. a more serious c. the most serious d. the least serious【答案】c【2012 广西桂林】34.the red pencil is than the green one.【答案】ba. shortb. shorterc. niced. the shortest31. you are doing great! ive never had_ answer before.a. better b. best c. a better d. the best【答案】c33. martha is a_ girl. she always smiles and says hello to others. a. shy b. friendly c. crazy d. healthy 【答案】b【2011河南】( ) 25. yao ming is _chinese basketball player that ever played in nba.a. tall b. taller c. tallest d. the tallest 【答案】d【2012湖北襄阳】27. your room is very dirty. you should keep it _. ok. ill sweep it right away. a. clean b. dry c. quiet d. warm【答案】a【2012湖北襄阳】34. helen, can i wear jeans and a t-shirt to the school talent show? ok, but a dress might be _. a. good b. bad c. better d. worse【答案】c 【2012.山东菏泽】3. a 100yearold man ran a marathon in toronto on sunday. he became the_ person to complete the longdistance running in the world. a. youngest b. best c. biggest d. oldest 【答案】d【2012山东济南】32.what kind of books do you like? i like funny storybooks. theyre very_.a. boring b. lazy c. quiet d. interesting【答案】d*配套练习题及答案练习（一）( ) 1. this box is_ that one.a. heavy than b. so heavy than c. heavier as d. as heavy as ( ) 2. when we speak to people, we should be _.a. as polite as possible b. as polite as possibly c. as politely as possible d. as politely as possibly ( ) 3. this book is_ that one, but_ than that one.a. as difficult as; expensive b. as more difficult as; more expensivec. as difficult as; more expensive d. more difficult as; as expensive ( ) 4. i think the story is not so _ as that one.a. interesting b. interested c. more interesting d. most interesting ( ) 5. his father began to work_ he was seven years old.a. as old as b. as early as c. since d. while( ) 6. i think science is _ than japanese. a. much important b. important c. much more important d. more much important( ) 7. this pencil is_ than that one.a. longest b. long c. longer d. as long ( ) 8. my mother is no _ young.a. shorter b. longer c. little d. few ( ) 9. these children are _ this year than they were last year.a. more tall b. more taller c. very taller d. much taller( ) 10. it was very hot yesterday, but it is_ today.a. even hotter b. more hotter c. much more hot d. much hot ( ) 11. mrs. black has got_ instead of getting any better.a. more bad b. a little worse c. much badly d. a lot of worse( ) 12. when we arrived, we found the meeting room crowded with_ students.a. quite a few b. only a few c. few d. a few quite ( ) 13. the house is _ small for a family of six.a. much too b. too much c. very much d. so ( ) 14. through the window we can