语法专题.doc

语法专题：时态初中阶段我们一共学八种时态，中考的要求是理解各个时态的概念，掌握他们的构成形式并能够熟练地使用他们。1、一般现在时1)概念：一般现在时可以表示： 表示经常性、习惯性发生的动作。例如：He often goes to work on foot. I usually get up at 6:oo. 表示客观事实和普遍真理。例如：Ice turns water above 0 The earth travels around the sun. 表示现在的状态和外部特征。例如： You look fantastic today. Im busy now. The book is on the desk.常和often, usually, always; sometimes; every day/month/year等连用 2)结构：谓语构成形式：1）am, is, are 2) do/does动词第三人称单数的变化规则：多数在动词后加s： playplays likelikes get-gets 以s，x，sh，ch，o结尾的动词加es： gogoes washwashes watch-watches以辅音字母加y结尾，把y改i再加es ：flyflies study-studies 特殊例子：have-has3)用于特殊句式中在when/while/before/after/until/as soon as等引导的时间状语从句和if/unless引导的条件状语从句中，主句用一般将来时/情态动词+动词原形/祈使句，从句则用一般现在时表示将来的动作。I will give it to him as soon as I see him. He will come if you invite him.If you dont go soon, youll be late.You mustnt eat anything until you see the doctor.You should stay at home if it rains tomorrow.Stay at home until I come to see you. Dont cry when you meet difficulties.Ex. (11广东) -Lets go fishing if it _ this weekend. -But nobody knows if it _. A. is fine; will rain B. will be fine; rains C. will be fine; will rain D. is fine; rains(11北京) I will send you an e-mail as soon as I _ in Canada. A. arrive B. arrived C. am arriving D. will arrive(11甘肃) -Im sorry that John is out. -Please ask him to call me as soon as he _.A. play B. played C. will play D. am playing2、一般过去时态1)概念：表示过去某一时间或某一段时间内发生过的动作或存在的状态。2)构成： was/were did规则动词的过去式的变化规则及读音：一般情况在动词原形后加-edwantanswerwantedanswered以字母e 结尾的动词，只加-dmovediemoveddied以“ 辅音字母+y ”结尾的动词，把y 改为i,再加-edcarrycrycarriedcried以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加-edstopPlanstoppedplanned不规则动词的过去式常用的一般过去时的时间状语：Yesterday, the day before yesterday last year/ month/Monday/ night； just now = a moment agotwo days ago/ 3 years ago/ 5 months ago/ a week agoin 1990/ 2000/ 1988/ 1949 3、一般将来时1）概念：表示在将来某个时间要发生的事或存在的状况。常和表示将来的时间状语连用。如：Tomorrow, next week/Sunday, soon, in 2 hours, in a few days等连用2）构成：1)be doing：主要意义是表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作，常用于位置转移的动词。如：go，come，leave，arrive等，也可用于其他动作动词。 We are having fish for dinner. What are you doing for vacation this summer?We are moving to a different hotel the day after tomorrow.这种用法通常带有表示将来的时间状语，如果不带时间状语，则根据上下文可表示最近即将发生的动作。 A: Where are you going? B: I am going for a walk. Are you coming with me?2)be going to do：主要意义，一是表示“意图”，即打算在最近的将来或将来进行某事。Are you going to post that letter? I am going to book a ticket.另一意义是表示“预见”，即现在已有迹象表明将要发生或即将发生某种情况。 Look at those clouds. Its going to rain. George is putting on weight; he is going to be quite fat.3). will/ shall do：比较常见的表示将来的表达法 You will feel better after taking this medicine.Someone is knocking at the door. I will open the door. 4、过去将来时1）概念：表示过去某个时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状况，即“从过去看将来，常用语_ 中。2)构成：was/were +doing was/were going to would do Nobody knew what _ after a hundred years. (happen) They never knew that the population _ a big problem.(become) We didnt know whether she _ at the meeting. （speak）5、现在进行时1)概念：此时此刻正在发生的动作例：I am reading an English book now. 现阶段正在进行的动作 例：The secretary has left. I m just helping. Computer is becoming more and more important in our life. What lesson are you studying this week？与现在进行时连用的时间状语有：now，these days，at this moment, Look!，Listen! Look！A train is coming. Listen！He is playing the piano. 有些动词现在进行时表示将来，常见有go, come, leave, fly, move, start, arrive等 例：I am coming. He is leaving Wuhan for Beijing. What is Jim doing on vacation?2).构成：be +现在分词动词现在分词的构成一般在动词尾加ing例：play playing以不发音字母e结尾的动词，去e加ing例：make making以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写这一辅音字母，再加ing例：put putting sitsitting runrunning getgetting swim swimming 特殊的有 be being lielying tie tying die dying 6、过去进行时1）概念：表示过去某一时刻或某一阶段正在进行或发生的动作。2）构成：was/were +doing 3）常连接的词：常和一些特定的表示过去的时间状语连用，如：at that moment, at six yesterday; When , this time testerdayThey _ a class this time yesterday. （have）We _ when our teacher came in. (talk)7、现在完成时1) 构成：助动词 have(has)+动词的过去分词构成。2) 概念：（1）表示动作发生在过去某个不确定的时间，但对现在留下了某种影响和结果。常被just、already、yet 等副词修饰。如：Yesterday I finished my homework, thats to say, I have finished my homework now.I have already had lunch. And Ive just had it.（2）表示从过去某一时刻开始, 一直持续到现在的动作或状态。这个动作可能刚停止，可能仍然在进行。常带有for和since等表示一段时间的状语。如：I have lived here since 1990.I havet seen her for four years.3）常连用的一些词（1）.already, just 和yet表示已经、刚刚、还。already 已经 just 刚刚 肯定句 例: I have already found my pen. I have just finished my homeworkyet已经 否定句和疑问句例：I have not finished the work yet. Have you bought a computer yet?（2）ever和never表示曾经或从来没有ever曾经 句中 例：Have you ever seen pandas?never从不 句中 例：I have never been to Beijing.（3）表次数的词。many times, twice, three times 等 I have visited Beijing many times. I have seen him twice.（4）.一些表时间的词：so far=by now, recently, before, in the last/past ten yearsbefore以前 句尾 例：I have never been there before.so far到目前为止 句首 例：So far he has learnt 200 words. recently 近来，最近 例：Recently, I havent seen him. In the last/past . In last 3 months, I have learned to look after myself. They have planted many trees in the last few years.（5）. for+一段时间、since结构 for two monthsfor +一段时间Jim has lived here for 2 months.since last yearsince +过去点时间Lucy has lived in Beijing since 3 years ago.since 3 years agosince 1990since he came heresince +过去时态句子I have known him since he came here.用since和for填空1. He has lived in Nanjing _ the year before last.2. Ive known him _ we were children.3. Our teacher has studied Japanese _ three years.4. She has been away from the city _ about ten years.5. Its about ten years _ she left the city.8、过去完成时1）构成：had+ 过去分词 2）概念：过去某一时刻或某一动作之前就已经发生的动作或存在的状态：即过去的过去 3）常与by+过去时间，before，when引导一般过去时的从句连用 例：When we got to the station, the train had left. By the end of last week, he had learnt 1000 words. Tom had finished his homework before his mother returned.He said he known the truth. 过去某时间开始，一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态.常和由for, since引导的表示时间段的短语或从句连用。 He had studied English in the school for five years before he moved here. I saw Li Ping yesterday. We had not seen each other since I left school.1. We _(reach) t