高考英语 拉分专项训练 专题23 Life in the future素材 新人教版必修5.doc

unit 3 life in the future【重点词汇】1.expect 期望the first message is expected to arrive at 7 oclock this evening. 第一信息预计在今晚7点到达。most of the parents expect much of their children. 大多数父母都对自己的子女寄予很大希望。the officer expected his men to do their duty. 军官期望他的部下尽职。2. face vt.面对，面临 n.脸 make a list of the problems human beings are facing today. 列举一下当今人类面临的难题。 the difficulty that faces us is the number of those in need. 我们面临的困难是需要帮助的人数太多。 whenthemissingmoneywasnoticed,hechoseto disappearratherthanfacethe music. 当失窃的钱被发现时，他选择了消失逃避而不是去承担责任。herfacelit up when she saw he was coming.当她看到他走过来的时候，她的脸亮了起来。3. exist vi.存在；生存salt exists mostly in sea water.海水中存在的盐分最多。one cannot exist without air. 人没有空气就不能生存。the old ladyexistsonly on rice coffee and bread.老太太仅靠咖啡面包生活。4. remind vt. 提醒please remind me to leave her this note 请提醒我留给她这张纸条please remind me that i must call her up before nine. 请提醒我九点前给她打个电话。the film reminded him of what he had seen in china. 这部影片使他回想起在中国所看到的一切。5.impression n.印象 the film“ nanjing! nanjing!” made a deep impression on the audience. 南京！南京！这部电影给观众留下了很深的印象。6guide . n.向导；导游；指南；指导者 vt.指导；引导；为 . 领路 vi.作导游 i know the place well, so let me be yourguide.我熟悉那地方，让我当你的向导吧。this book serves as a guide to grammar. 这是一本语法入门书。if i lose my way, youguideme and cheer me on.我迷失方向时,你会引导我,鼓励我。7. lack v .& n. 缺乏；缺少的东西注意：lack作名词时，后常接of。lack作动词时，既可作及物动词，也可以作不及物动词，作不及物动词时，后常接for或in。lack不用于被动语态。he didnt go there because he lacked courage.他没去那里，因为他缺乏勇气。the plant died for lack of water.植物因缺水而死。they lacked for nothing.他们无所需求。she seems to be lacking in common sense.她似乎缺乏常识。 8.optimistic adj 乐观的i hold an optimistic view of events. 我对许多事情都持有乐观的看法. if you change your mind and become optimistic, you can change your life. 如果你改变想法，变得乐观起来，你就可以改变自己的生活。he was optimistic about his future.他对未来充满希望。9. desert adj. 荒凉的，不毛的贫瘠而无人居住的；荒芜的，废弃的; v. 放弃, 遗弃he was caught in a desert island after the aircrash .在这次空难以后，他被困在了一个荒岛上。nowadays, in our society there exists an abnormal phenomenon that some rich husbands often desert their wives. 现如今，在我们的社会中存在一种怪现象一些富有的丈夫常常for 抛弃自己的妻子。10. instant n.瞬间，片刻 adj.立即的；（食品）速溶的，速食的the instant he saw her, he fell in love.他一见她就深深爱上了她。the injured were in an instant need of help.11.greedy adj 贪婪的，贪心的；渴望的greedy for power, the general conceived a plan to overthrow the government.由于对权力的贪婪，这位将军酝酿了一个颠覆政府的计划。marry is greedy to have more knowledge. 玛丽渴望得到更多的知识。【重点短语】1. take up 接受，拿起, 开始从事, 继续, 吸收, 责备, 拘留, 占据, 认购we need to encourage more people to take up the profession.我们需要鼓励更多的人来从事这项职业。sometimes it needs more power to lay down than to take up.有时放得下比拿得起更需要一种力量.work, school, or both take up so much time and energy ,that it seems like theres little left over for fun and relaxation. 工作、学习（或者两者一起）占据了你太多的时间和精力，以至于看上去留给休息和玩乐的所剩无几。ill take up the story where you left off. 我将从你停下的地方把这个故事继续讲下去。2. suffer from 忍受, 遭受the child suffers from measles. 这小孩得了麻疹。3. be similar to 与相似my new dress is similar to the one you have. 我的新衣服和你的那件相似。4. lose sight of 看不到了; 看漏了; 忘了; 忽略了 you stood in the distance, so i lost sight of you. 你站得太远了，我看不见你。 we have lost sight of him since he went abroad.5. be back on ones feet （困境后）恢复；完全复原 he is back on his feet after the operation.6. catch sight of 看见i caught sight of an empty seat at the back of the bus. 我看到公共汽车的后面有一个空座位。7. slide into（快捷而悄声地）移动；溜进exhausted, i slid into bed and fell fast asleep. 实在累坏了，我溜上床很快就睡着了。she slid into a room without anyone noticing.她悄悄溜进房间而不被人发现。8. be under repair 正在修理中，正在修建中the road under repair leads to our university.正在翻修的那条路通往我们的学校。this machine is under repair now.这台机器正在修理中。9. speed up 加速 the internet is widely used, which speeds up the development of english.【重点句型】1.at first my new surroundings were difficult to tolerate.起初，新的环境让我难以忍受。本句是“主语+be+adj+to do”句型，用法是：（1）形容词多为表示主语的性质、特征的词，如easy, difficult, hard, important 等；（2）不定式和句子主语是动宾关系，但用主动表示被动（3）不定式有时会带上自己的逻辑主语（for sb）in many peoples opinion, the company, though relatively small, is pleasant to deal with.在很多人看来，那家公司虽相对较小，但是打起交道来很愉快。2. the air seemed thin, as though its combination of gases had little oxygen left.空气似乎很稀薄，好像混合气体中剩下的氧气很少。分析：as if=as though意为“仿佛，像，似乎”。通常用在be，look，seem，sound，taste，smell及feel等连系动词的后面。如果表示真实情况应该用陈述语气；如果表示非真实情况则应该用虚拟语气, 其谓语动词的虚拟式与wish后面宾语从句中谓语动词的虚拟式相同。引导方式状语从句时也要用虚拟语气。注意：as if (though)后面除了跟句子外，还可以跟名词、动词不定式、形容词(短语)、介词短语和分词。另外，as if (though)还可以表达感叹语气，来对某项建议、假设和推测表示不赞成、惊讶、不满和厌恶等。how wild his white hair looked as if it had been electrified! 他的白发十分凌乱，好像触了电似的。(虚拟语气)she seems as if she is going to cry. 她似乎要哭了。(陈述事实)as if anyone would believe that story！好像有人竟会相信那样的事！he raised his hand as if to take off his hat.他举起他的手，好像要取下帽子。he behaved as if nothing had happened.他表现的好像什么也没发生。 3.but we cant blame the tools for the faults of the user, can we?反意疑问句：也叫附加疑问句，是一种常用的疑问形式，也是高考重点考查的语法项目之一。一般来讲，在反意疑问句中如果前面的陈述部分用肯定形式，反意疑问句部分要用否定形式；若前面部分为否定形式，则后面问句部分要用肯定形式。反意疑问句在高考中主要涉及以下几个考点。（1）陈述句如果是there be . 句型，则反意疑问句部份要用. there形式there was a loud scream from the backstage immediately after the concert ended, wasnt there?(2) 陈述句的主语如果是everyone (everybody), someone(somebody), anyone (anybody), no one, nobody, 则反意疑问句通常使用they。i dont suppose anyone will volunteer, will they?(3)陈述部分以lets开头表示建议或请求，反意疑问句部分用shall we；当陈述部分以let us(me)开头，其含义是allow us / me to do something，即不包括听话人在内，反意疑问句部分用will you。lets go fishing, shall we?(4)反意疑问句通常要重复复合句中的主语，但在主句中如果含有 think, suppose, expect, believe, imagine, fancy等动词，并且后面接宾语从句构成复合句时，其反意疑问句有两种不同的构成方式。当主句的主语为第一人称时，其反意疑问句部分的主语与宾语从句保持一致（这时应特别注意否定转移）。i dont suppose anyone will volunteer, will they?当主句的主语为第二、第三人称时，其后面的反意疑问句则应与主句的主语一致。 mrs. black doesnt believe her son is able to design a digital camera, does she?(5) 陈述部分含有little，few，never，hardly，seldom等否定意义的副词时，反意疑问句用肯定形式。she never tells a lie, does she?(6)祈使句为肯定句时，反意疑问句可使用will you / wont you, can you / cant you；祈使句为否定句时，反意疑问句用will you / can you。dont open the door, will you？ 【重点语法】 过去分词在句中做状语过去分词是非谓语动词的一种形式,表示完成和被动的动作。它在句子中可以充当状语、定语等成分。过去分词与现在分词作状语的区别是，过去分词表完成、被动,与主句主语之间是被动关系;现在分词表进行,主动,与主句主语之间是主动关系。如果一个被动的动作发生在谓语动词之前,则可使用现在分词的完成被动式或过去分词。请参考以下高考例题例1 an important role in a new movie,andy has a chance to become famous. （2011四川）a.offerb.offeringc.offeredd.to offer例2. _ into english, the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order. （2011天津）a. translatingb. translatedc. to translated. having translated例3._ from the top of the tower, the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees .（2010陕西） a. seen b. seeing c. having seen d. to see例4.though_to see us, the professor gave us a warm welcome. （2010全国）a. surprising b. as surprised c. surprised d being surprised 例5. _（油漆成）red, the building stands out among the rest and looks very attractive. （2010湖北）【解析】本题考查分词作方式状语。动词paint与主语the building之间是被动关系，故应填写painted。【用法归纳】从对上述几道高考题的分析来看，过去分词作状语时的用法有：（1）一般在句中作时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式、伴随状语等；（2） 过去分词作状语，其逻辑主语通常要与主句一致；（3） 过去分词充当状语时，其前可加once, though, unless 等连词， 此时相当于一个含有被动语态的状语从句。 注意：过去分词只有一种形式。【解题方法】 遇到这类题，首先要判断备选项中的非谓语动词与主语之间是否是被动关系；再次分析分词的逻辑主语是否与句子的主语一致：最后看将分词或分词短语是否能还原成表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式、伴随状语等从句。主从句句意是否连贯；需要特别提醒地是：如果分词备选项中有having been done 或not having been done等，那一定还要观察分词短语中是否有for five years , already, yet 或者主句中有then 等提示词语，如果有，那就说明这里需用现在分词完成式的被动式，而不是过去分词，因为过去分词只有一种形式。 【解题引路】请看下列各题的解题思路与分析过程：例1._ twice, the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we chained our dog. (09北京) a. being bitten b. bitten c. having bitten d. to be bitten 例2. not to miss the flight at 15:20, the manager set out for the airport in a hurry. (09福建) a. reminding b. reminded c. to remind d. having reminded例3. _ the right kind of training , these teenage soccer players may one day grew the international stars. (09江西) a. giving b. having given c. to give d. given 例4. a small plane crashed into a hillside five miles east of the city, _all four people on board. (09上海) a. killed b. killing c. kills d. to kill 例5._ many times, he finally understood it.