高考英语 拉分专项训练 专题21 Great scientists素材 新人教版必修5.doc

unit 1 great scientist【重点词汇】1、conclusion 结 论，结束 【原句回放】draw /reach/ make/ come to/ arrive at a conclusion得出结论 i found the conclusion of the tv series was very amazing. 我觉得那个电视剧的结尾很令人惊讶。 no conclusion should be drawn before all the facts are buttoned down. 所有事实弄清楚之前不能得出结论。 ive come to the conclusion that hes not the right person for the job. 我断定他不适合做这项工作。 in conclusion, id like to say ive enjoyed staying here so much. 总之，我想说我在这里过得非常愉快。 2、expose vt. 使暴露，揭露，使面临，使遭受（与介词to连用） she smiled suddenly, exposing a set of amazingly white teeth. 她突然笑了，露出一口洁白的牙齿。 the little girl did not want to expose her fears to anyone. 小女孩不想把恐惧暴露于任何人。 my job as a journalist is to expose the truth. 我作为新闻记者的工作就是揭露事实。 as a journalist in the war, she was exposed to many dangers. 作为战地记者,她置身于多种危险中。 its important to expose students to good art and music. 使学生接触美好的艺术和音乐很重要。【拓展】exposure n.（与to连用）暴露，揭露；曝光，底片张数，曝光时间3、attend vt. 照顾，护理；出席，参加 ive voiced my opinion at every meeting ive attended. 在我参加的每一个会议上我都发表我的观点。 born in india, he attended high school in madras. 他出生在印度，在马德拉斯上了中学。 she is attended by a 24-hour nursing staff. 她24小时被护士照顾。 我们要去看电影，你愿意加入我们吗？4、control vt. & n. 控制 ，统治，克制，管理 【原句回放】he knew that cholera would never be controlled until its cause was found. 他意识到只有找到病因，霍乱才能被控制。 when we took control of t he company, it was losing money. （take control of 掌控） 我们接管公司时，公司是赔本的。 decisions on financial matters are beyond my control. 财政方面问题的决定我无法控制。（beyond/ out of control无法控制） we must do more to control the spread of the virus. 我们必须采取 措施控制病毒的蔓延。 5、cure vt. & n. 治愈，治疗；疗法。 will you be able to cure me of my headache, doctor？医生，你能治好我的头痛吗？ tb is a serious illness, but it can be cured. 结核病是严重的病，但是可以治愈。 is there a certain cure for cancer yet? 迄今为止有没有癌症的治疗方法? 6、absorb vt. 吸收，吸引；使专心 plants can absorb carbon dioxide and release oxygen. 植物可以吸收二氧化碳释放氧气。things in colour can often absorb childrens attention easily. 颜色丰富的东西总能轻易地吸引孩子们的注意力。 the writer was absorbed in his writing that he forgot to flick the ashes from his cigar. 那位作家全神贯注于写作，都忘了弹烟灰了。7.blame vt责怪 n.过失，责备 which driver was to blame for the accident? 哪位司机是事故的肇事者？ you cannot blame anyone for your failure of your marriage. 你婚姻失败不能责备任何人。 many children are afraid of being blamed for making mistakes in speaking english. 许多孩子害怕讲英语时犯错误受责备。 the driver blamed the accident on the cyclist. 司机把车祸归咎于骑脚踏车的人。 the company is ready to bear/take the blame for what has happened. 这家公司愿意为发生的事承担责任。8.link vt. & n. 连接，联系 scientists now link the cancer to the amount of junk food that people consume. 科学家们现在把这种癌症与人们吃的垃圾食物的量联系起来。 researchers have detected a link between smoking and heart disease. 研究者已经发现了吸烟和心脏病之间的联系。9.announce vt. & vi. 宣布，通告，通知。其宾语可以是宣布的事，但不接双宾语。the captain announced that the plane was going to land. 机长宣布飞机要着陆了。the government yesterday announced to the media plans to create a million new jobs. 政府部门昨天向媒体宣布创造一百 万个新的工作机会的计划。【拓展】announcement n. 通知，宣告；通告 announcer 播音员10. contribute vi. & vt 捐献，贡献，捐助，起促进作用。常与介词to连用。 most people contributed some money to/towards the new church.大多数人都为新教堂捐献了一些钱。 a proper amount of exercise contributes to good health. 适度的运动有益健康。11. handle vt. 处理，操纵；n. 柄，把手 she handled a difficult argument skillfully. 她巧妙地应付了一场艰难的辩论。 12.analyse vt. - analysis n. 分析 the coach tried to analyse the cause of our defeat. 教练努力设法分析我们失败的原因。13 .reject vt. 拒绝，不接受，抛弃 he rejected their invitation point-blank. 他直截了当地拒绝了他们的邀请。14. instruct vt. 指导，命令，通知 ive been instructed to wait here until the lecturer arrives. 我接到命令在这里一直等到讲课的人到了。15.positive adj. 积极的，肯定的，确定的-negative 消极的，否定的 i am positive that i gave you his address. 我肯定把他的地址给你了。16. defeat vt. & n. 打败 they were defeated in the football match. 他们在足球赛中输了。【重点短语】1、put forward vt. 提出；推荐，提名；提前、把（表等）往前拨 he rejected all the proposals put forward by the committee.他拒绝了委员会提出的所有提议。 your name was put forward as a possible team leader. 你被提名为队长候选人了。 my watch was slow so i put it forward ten minutes. 我的手表慢了，我往前拨了十分钟。2、apart from 除之外；另外；根据上下文的不同，既可以用作besides，in addition to；也可以用作except或except for。 i hardly know anyone in the village apart from william. (except) 除了威廉外，我几乎不认识村里的任何人。 apart from a few faults，he is a perfect teacher(except for) 除了少许缺点之外，他是个很好的老师。 apart from the injuries to his face and hands, he broke both legs. (besides) 除了脸部和双手受伤外，他两条腿也断了。3、be strict with对。严格要求 the teacher is strict with us in everything. 老师对我们事事严格要求。 the smiths are very strict with their children. 史密斯夫妇对子女很严格。 4、lead to 导致，引起，通向（注意to是介词）。 there is no doubt that stress can lea d to physical illness. 毫无疑问，紧张的压力会导致身体上的疾病。 he led his teacher to a secret cave. 他带着老师来到了这个秘密山洞。 all roads lead to rome. 条条大路通罗马。5、make sense 说得通，有道理，有意义（sense 感觉，感官，make sense 相当于be reasonable，can be understandable） it makes good sense to continue with the reforms. 继续进行改革是非常有道理的。 what you say doesnt make sense. 你说的话没有道理。 make no sense讲不通；无意义 【重点句型】1、every time +从句 every time作连词用，引导时间状语从句，意思是“每次”。类似用法的短语还有each (any, next, the first, the last) time。 every time i meet him, i always think of the things that happened between us. 每次见到他，我总想起我们之间发生的事情。2、suggest + 从句 （1）表明，暗示（2）建议 suggest接宾语从句时，有两种含义： 1）suggest意为“表明，暗示”。此时后接的宾语从句的谓语动词不能用虚拟语气，而要用一般的陈述语气。 the girls pale face suggested that she was seriously ill. 女孩儿苍白的颜色表明她病得很重。 2）suggest意为“建议、提议”。此时后接的宾语从句或主语从句的谓语动词要用虚拟语气，即“should+动词原形”，其中should可以省略。 he suggested that the work (should) be started at once. 他建议马上动工。 it is suggested that he (should) go there at once.据建议，他应该立即去那里。3、so. that和such .that such + adj. +n. (复数/不可数名词) such+ a/an + adj. +n. so +adj./ adv. +that. so + adj. + a/an + n. so + many/ much/ little/ few + n. she was so angry that she burst out crying. 她如此生气，以致大哭起来。 he was such an impatient driver that he went through the red light. 他如此地不耐烦，以致闯了红灯。 there was so much noise outside that we could hardly hear the teacher. 外面噪音很大，以致我们听不到老师的话。 he was so impatient a driver that he went through the red light. 他如此地不耐烦，以致闯了红灯。【重点语法】 过去分词在句中作定语和表语1、 过去分词作定语he face wore a puzzled expression. 他脸上有一种困惑的表情。(1)一般情况下，单个的过去分词作定语，放在被修饰的词之前；过去分词短语作定语放在被修饰的词之后，往往可用定语从句代替。she had a worried look on her face. 她脸上有一种忧虑的表情。i like eating the frozen food. 我喜欢吃冷冻食品。the boy injured (who was injured) in the accident was taken to hospital. 在事故中受伤的男孩被送到医院了。there is a car parked (which is parked) outside the house. 房子外面停着一辆车。(2)个别情况下，也有单个过去分词作后置定语的。如：there was nobody injured. 没有人受伤。weve got a little left.我们只剩一点儿了。do you know the number of books ordered? 你知道订购了多少书吗？(3)作定语用的过去分词表示一个完成的动作，若要表示正在进行的动作，则用现在分词的被动式（being done），若表示将来的动作，则用不定式的被动形式（即to be done）。is this the book written by lu xun? 这是鲁迅写的书吗？what do you think of the