高考英语单选题陷阱 词性误用型素材.doc

高考单选英语陷阱词性误用型 英语和汉语不仅在遣词造句、句型搭配、习惯用法等方面有很大的差别，就是在词性方面也有很大的差别，并且这种差别有时会使同学们稍不小心就酿成错误。如：1. _ he was in japan, he visited many places.a. during b. since c. while d. in答案是选a吗？during（在期间）是连词吗？它能引导时间状语从句吗？2. i want him to go with us _ he doesnt.a. even b. if c. even if d. if even此题能选a吗？even（即使）是连词吗？它能引导让步状语从句吗？3. _ your students against or for the plan made by the teacher?a. do b. can c. are d. didagainst（反对）是动词吗？它可以用做谓语吗？此题的最佳答案是a吗？4. a _ road goes _ from one place to another.a. straight, straight b. straightly, straightly c. straight, straightly d. straightly, straightstraightly是straight的副词形式吗？换句话说，修饰名词用straight，而修饰动词就用straightly吗？本节搜集了同学们在词性用法上容易出错的一些典型例题，希望对你们的学习有所帮。1. during可用做连词引导从句吗 _ he was in japan, he visited many places.a. during b. since c. while d. in此题容易误选a，将介词during误用做连词。正确答案应为c。不过此题若改为如下形式，则应选介词during：his stay in japan, he visited many places.a. during b. since c. while d. in但是下面一例要填while，而不能填during，因为其后接的已是一个介词短语，所以不宜再用介词during，而用while，可将其视为省略句：_ at school, he wrote his first novel.a. during b. since c. while d. in可视为 while (he was) at school, he wrote his first novel.之省略。5. straightly 是 straight 的副词形式吗a _ road goes _ from one place toanother.a. straight, straight b. straightly, straightly c. straight, straightly d. straightly, straight此题容易误选c，认为第一空是用于road前作定语，故用形容词straight(这是对的)；第二空应填副词straightly，用以修饰动词goes (这就不对了)。在现代英语中，straight既可用做形容词，也可用做副词。straightly这个副词形式在现代英语中已被废弃，许多词典均不再收录此词。所以此题最佳答案应选a。6. close可表示“关着的”吗he fell down to the ground, his mouth _ and eyes _.a. open, close b. opened, closed c. opened, close d. open, closed此题很容易误选a，其实应选d。open和close均可用做动词，前者表示“开”，后者表示“关”，是一对反义词，如：please open your mouth.请张开嘴。please close your mouth.请闭上嘴。但是open和close也可用做形容词，此时前者意为“开着的”，后者意为“接近的”“亲近的”等，并不表示“关着的”，要表示“关着的”，英语用closed，即用做形容词时 ,open与close不是一对反义词，而与closed才是反义词。7. suddenly可用做连词引导从句吗i was about to go out _ the telephone rang.a. when b. suddenly c. as soon as d. directly此题很容易误选b，因为从句意看，填入suddenly后刚好符合“我正要出去，电话铃突然响了”的语境。但从句法来分析，空白处前后各为一个句子，而suddenly是副词，显然不承担起连接两个句子的作用。此题最佳答案选a，when在此用做并列连词，意为“这时（突然）”。又如：we were about to start, when it rained.我们正要开始，就下起雨来了。she was walking down the road when she heard someone shouting for help.她正在路上走着，突然听见有人呼救。8. afraid可用做动词吗dont_; no one will hurt you.a. afraid b. frighten c. fear d. nervous此题应选c，其余三项均容易误选：选a不对，因为afraid是形容词，dont应接动词原形，若填be afraid则也可以；选b不对，因为frighten虽为动词，但它为及物动词，其意不是“害怕”，而是“使(某人)害怕”，选它不仅意思不通，而且语法也不对(因为及物动词后缺宾语)；选d也不对，因为nervous是形容词，不能紧跟在dont之后。9. against是介词还是动词_ your students against or for the plan made by the teacher?a. do b. can c. are d. did此题正确答案是c，但很容易误选a，主要是没有意识到其后的against是介词，而不是动词。注意：有些介词、形容词、副词等，具有动作意味，不要将其误认为是动词。如：如果你不能去，就让他代你去。误：if you cant go, let him instead you.正：if you cant go, let him go instead of you.正：if you cant go, let him go instead.注：instead和instead of均含有“代替”、“取而代之”的意思，在汉语中含有动作意味，但它们却不是动词(instead是副词，instead of是介词)。10. abroad是副词还是名词?now some young people hope to _ for further education.a. go abroad b. go to abroad c. go to the abroad d. go the abroad此题容易误选b或c，将abroad误认为是名词。其实abroad是副词，所以此题正确答案为a。又如：当心，前面有危险。误：look out, there is danger in the ahead.正：look out, there is danger ahead.析：ahead意为“在前面”，它是副词，而不是名词。11.可用friendlily作为friendly的副词形式吗?he treated all the people around him,_he knew or he didnt know,_.a. if, friendly b. whether, friendly c. if, in a friendly way d. whether, in a friendly way此题第一空应填whether，因为它与其后的or构成whether . or .结构，表示“无论还是”，至于第二空，许多同学可能会误选friendly，认为它以ly结尾，应是副词，在此用做状语。而其实在现代英语中friendly只用做形容词，不用做副词。所以此题的最佳答案是d，而不是b。顺便说一句，下面以ly结尾的也是形容词，而不是副词：lonely(孤独的)，costly(高价的，昂贵的)，lively(有生气的，生动的)，lovely(可爱的，美丽的，愉快的)，orderly (整齐的，守规则的)等。he feels lonely among strangers.在陌生人中他感到孤寂。we had a lovely weekend.我们度过了一个愉快的周末。the car is too costly for me to buy.这汽车太贵了，我买不起。he is a lively child and popular with everyone.他是个活泼的孩子，大家都喜他12. lack可用做形容词吗?the boss praised the young man for his hard work, though he _ experience.a. is lack of b. is lacking in c. lacks