大学英语语法subjunctivemood虚拟语气讲解课件

AboutMood Mood asagrammaticalcategory isafiniteverbformthatindicateswhetheranutteranceexpressesafact indicativemood acommandorrequest imperativemood oranon factandhypothesis subjunctivemood mood Indicativemood Imperativemood Subjunctivemood Welcome SubjunctiveMood Therearetwoformsofthesubjunctive be subjunctiveandwere subjunctive Thebe subjunctivetakesthebaseformandthewere subjunctivehasonlythewereform BothareremnantsofOldEnglish subjunctivemood be subjunctive were subjunctive Part1 be subjunctivemood Thebe subjunctive liketheimperative isrealizedbythebaseformoftheverb Whateverthepersonofthesubject thepredicatorinvarablytakesthebaseform Consequently wheretheclausehasapluralsubject thereisnormallynodistinctionbetweenindicativeandsubjunctiveforms exceptfortheverbbe Thesubjunctiveformofbeisbeforallpersons Thebe subjunctiveisusedasfollow 1 Incertainthat clauses aftersuchverbsasdecide decree demand insist move order prefer propose recommend request suggest vote ect eg Theteacherorderedthatallthebooksbeputwheretheywere HeinsistedthatTombepunishedbecauseofthemistake aftersuchadjectivesasadvisable appropriate desirable essential fitting important impossible necessary obligatory proper ect eg Itisessentialthatallnewwordsbelookedupinthedictionary aftersuchnounsasdecision decree demand instruction order requirement resolution ect eg TheboardhasgiveninstructionsthattheagentflytoBoston ThefinaldecisionwasthatNickbefiredduetohisdishonesty IncertainadverbialclausesThebe subjunctiveisalsousedinadverbialclausesintroducedbyif though whatever solongas whether lest e g IfIwereyou Iwouldnotbelievedhim Whateverbehisdefense wecannottoleratethisdisloyalty Exercise Ifit be necessary Iwillstayhere be Thisuseofthebe subjunctiveislimitedtoformalstyle whileininformalstyletheindicativemoodor should may infinitive areusedinstead e g Ifthenewsistrue everythingispossible Hehidhimselfinthebushlestheshouldbeseen Incertainformulaicexpressions Thebe subjunctiveisalsousedinsomeformulaicexpressionstoexpressawish prayer curse Theformulaicuseofthebe subjunctivetendstobeformalandold fashionedinstyleeg Godblessyou Sobeit Exercise Mayourgreatmotherland live long live Part2 Were subjunctive Thewere subjunctivehasonlyoneformwere whichappliestosubjectsofallpersons butwhichformallycontrastswiththeindicativeformwasonlywhenitisusedwithfirstandthirdpersonsingularsubjects Thewere subjunctiveishypotheticalorunrealinmeaningandisused Incertainadverbialclauses Thewere subjunctiveiscommonlyusedinadverbialclausesintroducedbyif ifonly asif asthough though etctodenoteanunrealconditionorconcession eg IfIwereyou Iwouldtrymybestinthefootballmatch IfonlyIpassedthefinalexam Thoughthewholeworldwereagainstme IwoulddowhatIconsiderasright Incertainnominalclauses Thewere subjunctiveisalsousedinnominalclausesafterverbslikewish wouldrather suppose imagine etctodenoteahypotheticalsituation eg Iwishitwerespringalltheyearround I dratherIwerenotatthesiteoftheaccident Itmustbenotedthatinpresent dayEnglish thewere subjunctivewithfirstandthirdpersonsubjectsisoftenreplacedbytheindicativewasinlessformalstyle Compare Iwishitwasspringalltheyearround I dratherIwasn tatthesiteoftheaccident Thewere subjunctiveisobligatory however inthesetexpressions asitwere sotospeak and ifIwereyou aswellasinnon introducedconditionalclauseswithinvertedwordorder eg WereItodoit Ishouldrelyonyou Heismybestfriend mysecondself asitwere UseofpasttenseformsofverbThepasttenseformsofverbsareusuallyusedtoexpresshypothesisthefollowingcontexts a Itistime that Itistimethatwelefthome Itishightimethatyoumakeyourdecision Itistimeyouwenttobed b Iwouldrather that you he I dratherhetoldmethetruth I dratheryouhadofferedmesomejuice c Ifonly IfonlyIknewhertelephonenumber Ifonlyshehadfollowedmyadvice Ifonlyhehadgonebycar Exercise it shightimehe go tobed It shightimehe leave thisplace Ifonlywe own ahouse Therentistooexpensive Ifonlyhe know Amy saddresses Hewon tgetlost Hewenttothepartybybus butIwouldratherhe go bycar Heattendedthewedding Iwouldratherhe come present went left owned knew hadgone hadcame d asif asthough Hebehavesasifheknewhimwell Theyarestaringatmeasif thoughIwas wereastranger Hetalkedasifitreallyhappened Inthestructureofasif asthough theformofverbisusuallydecidedbythecontextofthespeaker Eg IfeelasifIwas weregoingtofaint IfeelasifIamgoingtofaint That stosay incertaincontexts ifitdoesn tmeanassumption theverbformisnotusedpasttenseform Eg Thedishtastesasifitisbad Itseemsasifwewillhavetostayhereforonenight e Iwish that Iwish that Icouldstayathome IwishIhadbroughtanumbrellawithme IwishandIhopebothmean 希望 But Ihopethat doesn tmeanassumption sotheverbseldomusespasttenseform Eg Ihopewecangonow Ihopetomorrowwillbeasunnyday Ihopeshewillgothroughit Useofpasttensemodals Thepasttensemodalsarecommonlyusedtoexpresshypothesisinthefollowingcontexts a Inconditionals IfIwereyouIwouldnotgiveupthischanceIfshehadbeeninvited shewouldhaveattendedtheparty Ifyoushouldchangeyourmind doletmeknow b Inimpliedconditionals Butforteachershelp Icouldn tpasstheexamAnyonewhoshouldgotherewouldregretIndifferentcircumstances Imighthaveagreed c Inothercontexts TothinkthathewouldnotpasstheexamWhowouldhavethoughtthatthegirlshouldgetmarriedThatIshouldseeacollegestudentarrestedforstealing conclusion Thesubjunc