高考英语专题复习讲练 专题十 并列句和状语从句（1）（艺体生文化课）.doc

专题十 并列句和状语从句【命题趋势探秘】命题规律考查内容并列句状语从句考查热度考查题型语法填空，单项填空，短文改错，书面表达语法填空，单项填空，短文改错，书面表达所占分值36分 36分命题趋势 并列连词和状语从句都是高考的高频考查内容。1.对并列句的考查主要涉及并列连词while,when,for,so,and,but,yet,or的运用，并且会把定语从句、非谓语动词等作为干扰项同时出现；2. 只要是两个并列成分的连接都必须要有连词，比如考查非谓语动词的试题就经常围绕题干有没有并列连词这一关键信息设题。3.对状语从句的考查重点：1)时间、地点、原因、结果、条件、让步状语从句的连词的运用；2)状语从句的时态和省略；3)状语从句与其他句式比如定语从句和强调句的辨析；4)whatever、whoever、wherever等引导词与no matter what/who/where的不同用法。 【高频考点聚焦】 高考试题对并列连词和状语从句的考查主要出现在单项填空和语法填空试题中，完形填空和短文改错试题有时也将相关知识设置为考点；书面表达中适时使用一些状语从句会成为文章的亮点。 考点1常见并列句和并列连词 并列复合句是由两个或两个以上并列而又独立的简单句构成。在并列句中，这些简单句常由并列连接词连在一起。并列连词所连接的简单句被称为分句。常见的并列连词有：1.表递进关系：用来表递进关系的并列连词有：and, not only.but also., neither.nor.，not.but.等。not only did he speak more correctly,but also he spoke more easily.他不仅说得正确而且说得还很轻松。2.表示选择关系：常用的并列连接词有or, either.or., otherwise 等。 dont drive so fast or/otherwise youll have an accident.不要开那么快，否则你会出事的。3.表示转折关系：常用的并列连词有：but, yet, whereas, while等。 jane said she was ill, yet i saw her in the street just now.珍妮说她病了，但刚才我在街上看到了她。4.说明因果关系：常用的并列连词有：so，for。 it must have rained last night for it is wet all over. 昨晚一定下雨了，到处都这么湿。5.when还可用作并列连词，其意义为“那时，这时”，相当于and at thisthat time。常用于：be doing something when. be about togoing to do/on the point of doing something when.had just done something when.we were about to set off when it suddenly began to rain. 我们正打算动身，突然下起了雨。6.while作为并列连词，意为“而，却”，表示对比。he likes pop music, while i am fond of folk music.他喜欢流行音乐，而我喜欢民族音乐。 【基础知识梳理】表示并列或递进关系的并列连词 表示并列或递进关系的连词主要表示“和”，“补充”，“增加”等意思。常见的有and, bothand, neithernor, not onlybut also,和as well as。1.and可连接并列句，或连接句子成分。finally, that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is cleaner than ever.最终，艰苦的工作得到了回报，河水比以往更干净了。(高考例句)i think mrs. stark could be anywhere between 50 and 60 years of age.我想，斯塔克夫人的年龄可能在50到60岁之间。(高考例句)2. bothand表示“和都”，“不但而且”，用来连接并列句子成分，不能连接并列句。 from then on, i grew rapidly both in size and in brainpower. 从那时起，我的个子和脑力都快速发达。(教材例句)3.neithernor表示“既不也不；和都不”：用来连接并列句子成分，不能连接并列句。there was neither wind nor waves, and there seemed to be little life.没有风浪，似乎没有生命存在。(教材例句)4.as well as 连接并列句子成分，该结构作主语时，谓语动词的数与第一个成分保持一致。 he grows flowers as well as vegetables. 他既种菜也种花。(教材例句)5.not onlybut also表示“不仅而且”，also可被省略，可用来连接并列句或并列句子成分。如：some theme parks are not only amusing but also educational.有些主题公园不仅充满娱乐性，而且有教育性。(教材例句)6. on (the)one handon the other hand表示“一方面另一方面”，用来连接并列句子成分，不能连接并列句。如：local chinese food, on the other hand, is full of fresh vegetables and fresh meat and fish.另一方面，当地的中国菜有蔬菜、新鲜肉和鱼。(教材例句)【核心考点讲练】一表示转折关系的并列连词并列连词功能例句连接并列成分连接并列句butwe hadnt had any warm food to eat all day, but we didnt care.我们整天没有吃到热饭菜，但我们不在乎。(教材例句)yetthe tongue is not made of steel, yet it cuts. 舌头不是钢，一动把人伤。(谚语)howeverxhowever, it really doesnt matter to me.可是，这对我很重要。whilexthat region has plenty of natural natural resources while this one has none.那个地区自然资源丰富，而这个地区却一点也没有。(词典例句)whereasxthey want a house, whereas we we would rather live in a flat.他们想买宅院，而我们宁可住单元楼。二表示因果关系的并列连词 表因果关系的并列连词中，for表理由，so表结果。he shook his head, for he thought differently. 他摇了摇头，因为他有不同想法。he told me to do it, so i did it. 他让我这样做，于是我就这样做了。三表选择关系的并列连词并列连词功能例句连接并列成分连接并列句or1.do you want to leave now or would you rather set off later?你想现在动身还是愿意晚点出发？(表选择)(词典例句)2. wear your coat or youll catch cold.穿上外套，否则你会着凉的。(表转折)(词典例句)eitherorxthere is nothing either good or bad, but thinking makes it so. 事情本无好与坏，全在自己怎么想。or elsexyour book must be here, or else youve lost it.你的书应该在这里，要不就是你弄丢了。(词典例句)notbutxthey own not one but three houses.他们不是拥有一幢，而是三幢房子。 (词典例句)otherwisexwe must run, otherwise well be too late. 我们得跑着去, 要不就太晚了(词典例句)【典例1】（2014天津）give me a chance, _ ill give you a wonderful surprise. a. if b. or c. and d. while 解析：句意：给我一个机会，那么我就会给你一个大惊喜。从语境的连贯看，这里用and表示顺接关系，用“祈使句+and+陈述句”结构，因此选c。if引导条件状语从句表示假设，or连接并列句表示转折含义，while引导并列句表示对比。 答案：c【典例2】（2014北京）some animals carry seeds from one place to another, _ plants can spread to new places.a. so b. or c. for d. but 解析：句意：有些动物把种子从一个地方带到了另外一个地方，_植物就可以传播到新地方了。so表示因果关系，意为“因此；于是”；or意为“否则；要不然”；for表示原因，进行补充说明；but意为“但是”，表示转折关系。根据carry seeds与spread to new places可知，两句之间存在因果关系。 答案：a【技巧点拨】 “祈使句+and/or/otherwise+陈述句” 1)祈使句+ and(then, and then)+陈述句(前面的祈使句也可用名词(短语)替代) 在这个句型中，前边祈使句+ and(then，and then)相当于if引导的条件句。 come early, and youll catch the first bus. =if you come early, youll catch the first bus.来早点，你就能赶上第一班汽车。one more word, and ill get angry with you.如果你再说一句话，我就生你的气了。 another week, and the railway station will be completed.再有一周，火车站就完工了。2祈使句+or/or else/otherwise+陈述句 在这个句型中，前边祈使句相当于unless引导的条件句。work hard, otherwise youll fail. = unless you work hard, youll fail.努力干，要不你会失败的。use your head, or else you wont find a way.= unless you use your head, you wont find a way.开动脑筋，否则，你就找不到办法。考点2状语从句【基础知识梳理】状语从句的分类类型功能引导词时间状语从句表示事情所发生的时间1.when当时2.while当时3.as当时4.before在之前5.after在之后6.till/until直到7.since自以来8.whenever 无论何时；每当9.once一旦 10. as soon as 一就11. the moment/minute/second/instant一就12.every/each time每次，每当13.any time不管什么时候14.the first/second,etc time第一/二次等15.(the) last/next time上次/下次16.by the time到的时候17.immediately/ directly/ instantly一就18.hardly/ scarcely/barelywhen/before一就19.no soonerthan一就地点状语从句表示事情所发生的地点或事物所在的地点1.where在的地方2.wherever无论在什么地方3.everywhere到处，处处4. anywhere在任何地方原因状语从句表示主句所发生的原因或理由1.because 因为2.since 既然3. as 由于4.seeing(that) 既然5.now (that)既然6.considering (that)鉴于，既然7.in that因为条件状语从句表示事情所发生的条件1.if如果，假如2.unless除非3.provided/providing (that) 假如，若是4.supposing (that)假定，假设5.in case如果6.assuming that假设7.given that假使8.as/so long as只要9.on condition that条件是目的状语从句表示目的1. so (that)以便2. in order that以便3. in case以防，以免4. for fear (that)以便不，已防5. lest免得，以防 with the purpose that, in the hope that结果状语从句表示已取得的结果so (that)因此so/suchthat如此以至于让步状语从句表示条件(退让一步)1.从属连词：though(虽然), although(虽然)，even if(即使，纵使),even though(即使，纵使),whether(不管，无论)，while(尽管，虽然)，if(哪怕)，as(虽然)，no matter whether (不管，无论)，when(本来可以却)；2.从属连接代词：whatever, no matter what(无论什么); whoever, no matter who(无论谁); whichever, no matter which(无论哪个)3.从属连接副词：however,no matter how(无论如何), whenever, no matter when(无论何时); wherever, no matter where(无论何地)方式状语从句表示方式1.as如同一样2.like如同一样3.(just)asso正如；就像所以4.as if, as though仿佛，好像似的比较状语从句表示比较1. asas和一样2.not as/soas不如3.than4.the+比较级，the+比较级【核心考点讲练】一.时间状语从句1.when,while和as 1)when既可引导一个持续动作，也可引导一个短暂动作，可用于主句和从句动作同时发生或从句动作先于主句动作；当when引导的时间状语从句为系表结构，而且其主语和主句的主语一致，其表语又是一个名词时，就可以用以as引导的省略句来代替when引导的从句。另外，注意下面几个结构：be doing sth when(正在做某事时突然)，have hardly/just/scarcely done sth when(刚一就)，be about to do sth when(正准备突然)。如： nancy enjoyed herself so much when she visited her friends in sydney last year.南希去年去悉尼看望她的朋友时玩的很开心。 2)从属连词while引导的动作必须是持续性的，侧重主句动作和从句动作相对比。如：i want the girls to experience that while they are young.我希望那些女孩们趁着年轻的时候去体验一下那样的生活。 3)从属连词as可表示从句和主句的两个动作交替进行或同时完成，可译为“一边，（一边）”或“随着”。如：as time goes on,its getting warmer and warmer.随着时间的推移，天气变得越来越暖和了。 4)如果主句表示的是短暂动作，而从句用延续性动词的进行时态表示在一段时间内正在进行的动作，此时when，while与as可互换使用。如：when/while/ as i was walking down the street, i came across an old friend of mine. 当我沿大街行走时，碰巧遇到了我的一个老朋友。 2.as soon as，immediately，directly, instantly, the moment/minute/ instant, no sooner.than., hardly/scarcely.when.和once(一就) 这些从属连词引导的从句都表示从句的动作与主句的动作同时发生，表示“一就”。从句中用一般时态代替将来时态。youll feel excited the moment the star steps out of the plane.那个明星走出机舱的那一刻，你就会感到兴奋。 注意：no sooner.than，hardly/scarcely.when这一结构中，no sooner与hardly/scarcely引导的句子谓语动词应用过去完成时，而than与when引导的句子谓语动词应用一般过去时。此外，当把no sooner和hardly/scarcely提到句首时，应用倒装语序。3.till, until和notuntil 1)until或till表示“某动作一直延续到某时间点才停止”，此时主句谓语动词是延续性动词，主、从句都为肯定式。这两个词可以换用，但till不可以置于句首，而until可以。如：if a lot of people say a film is not good, i wont bother to see it, or ill wait until it comes out on dvd.如果很多人说电影不好看，我就不会去看，或者我要等到dvd出来才看。 2)notuntil“某动作直到某时间才开始”，主句谓语动词是非延续性动词，从句为肯定式。如：i wont tell the student the answer to the math problem until he has been working on it for more than an hour.直到这个学生做这道数学题做了一个小时以上的时候，我才会告诉他答案。 im sorry youve been waiting so long, but itll still be some time before brian get back.对不起，让你等了这么长时间，可是布莱恩要过一会才回来。4.before与since 1)before用来表示“还未就；不到就；才；还没来得及”， before从句中谓语不用否定式。before的常见句式： it will be+一段时间+before.多久之后才如：it will be half a year before i come back. 还得呆半年我才能回来。 2)since+状语从句表示“自从有多长时间”，从句谓语一般是非延续性动词，主句的谓语动词是延续性的或者是反复发生过的动作。since从句的时态若是一般过去时，主句中的时态是现在完成时或现在完成进行时。如：i have written home four times since i came here.自从我来到这儿，我给家写了四封信。 在“it is+一段时间+since从句”句型中，时间的计算一律从since从句的动作完成或状态结束时算起。it is three years since i smoked.(=since i stopped smoking).我不吸烟有三年了。it is three years since i began to smoke. 我吸烟有三年了。 5.名词短语every time,each time, any time, (the)last/next time, the moment/second/instant可以用来引导时间状语从句，表示“每次，任何时候，上次/下一次，刚一”等含义。如：you looked tired last time i saw you.我上次见到你的时候，你看起来很疲倦。the last time she saw james, he was working in a small firm.上次她看见james的时候，他正在一家小公司上班。6. while与when都可以表示对比与对照。when表示“本可以却”，而while表示两个实际情况的对比，它引导的从句可以放在主句前面，表示“虽然，尽管”，也可放在主句后面，此时译为“而，可是”。如：i wonder why one man makes an important discovery while another man, also clever, fails. 我不知道为何一个人做出了重大的发现，而另一个人也很聪明，却失败了。why do you come here to ask for a sick leave when you can make a call to the teacher? 你本来可以给老师打电话就够了，为什么却来到这里请病假？二条件状语从句 引导条件状语从句的从属连词有：if，unless(=if.not，除非)，so/as long as(只要)，in case(万一)，on condition that(条件是)，suppose/supposing(假设，如果)，provided that(如果), as long as(只要)等。如：unless youve tried it on, you cant imagine how pleasant the new style dress is.除非你穿上试试，不然你难以想象这件套裙的新式样有多好。suppose/supposing(that)they refuse us,who else can we turn to for help?假如他们拒绝了我们，我们还会求助谁？ he told us that he was very happy where he was.他告诉我，他现在这样就很快乐。wherever there is smoke,there is a fire.无火不生烟。(无风不起浪)lifting off at sunrise, the hot air balloon goes wherever the wind blows.热气球在日出时升腾到空中，随风漂流。三地点、原因状语从句1.引导地点状语从句的从属连词有where，wherever。where theres will theres a way.有志者事竟成。(谚)2.原因状语从句 引导原因状语从句的从属连词有：because，as，since，now that，seeing that，considering that。另外，when还表示原因，即since, considering that 既然；考虑到。并列连词for加分句也可表示原因，for引导的分句对前面的内容补充说明。it was foolish of you to take a taxi when you could easily walk there in five minutes.既然你步行5分钟能到那里，却打车，真够愚蠢的。now (that)/since it is so hot, i guess we cant do anything until after dark.既然天这么热，我想我们只有等天和之后才能做事。 除了状语从句外，一些介词短语同样可以表示原因，这样的短语有：because of，thanks to，due to，owing to等。四目的、结果状语从句1.目的状语从句1.in order that与so that两个连词意为“以便；为了”，引导的状语从句中需用情态动词，in order that比so that正式，引导的状语从句可置于主句之前或之后，而so that引导的从句只能置于主句之后。when he goes out, he often wears sunglasses so that/in order that nobody/no one can recognize him.他出门的时候常戴着墨镜，以便没人能认出他。注：sothat引导结果状语从句，如：so advanced is the camera that it can be adjusted to take pictures in any weather conditions. 这部照相机很高级，因此相机可以调节，以便在任何天气情况下都能拍照。2.for fear that，in casethe boy hid himself behind the tree in case/for fear that his father should see him.那个男孩藏在树后面，以防他父亲看到他。take your raincoat in case/lest it should rain.带上雨衣以防下雨。2.结果状语从句引导目的状语从句的从属连词有：so that，in order that，for fear that，in case，lest等。1.引导结果状语从句的从属连词有：so that,so.that.,such.that.。当so或such置于句首时，主句要用倒装语序。在非正式语体中，由so.that.,such.that.引导的句子中that可以省略，注意其结构形式：so+形容词/副词+that从句so+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数形式+that从句so+many/much/few/little(少)+名词+that从句such+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数形式+that从句such+形容词+可数名词复数形式/不可数名词+that从句such+a lot of/lots of+名词+that从句do as you are told to, or youll be fired.告诉你怎么做就怎么做，否则就解雇你。五让步状语从句引导让步状语从句的连词有：1. althoughthough(尽管，虽然)，even though/even if(即使)although与though两者意思相同，一般可互换，都可以与yet或still连用，但不能和but连用。many of them turned a deaf ear to his advice, even though they knew it to be valuable.他们很多人不听他的意见，尽管他们知道他的意见很有价值。注意：though还可用作副词，意为“可是，然而”，置于句末。如：he said he would come; he didnt, though.他说他会来，可是没有来。2.as或though引导让步状语从句的倒装as或though从句一般放在主句之前，常用倒装语序。从句中的表语、状语或动词原形置于句首。若表语是单数名词，前置时要省略冠词。如：child as he is,he knows a lot.尽管他是孩子，懂得很多。 much as i like it,i wont buy it.虽然我很喜欢，但不会买的。try as she might, sue couldnt get the door open.尽管苏尝试了，但她还是没能打开门。(高考例句)3.whether.or.(不管还是)；疑问词+ever与no matter+疑问词(不管；无论)，如whatever,whoever, whichever, however,whenever, wherever等actually, whoever works hard can be whatever he wants to be, whether it is a pilot, an engineer or a manager.实际上，不管谁，只要努力学习了就能实现自己的愿望，不管是想当飞行员、工程师还是经理。4.when,while还可作从属连词，相当于although。suddenly, she stopped short when she ought to have continued.尽管她应该继续下去，她却突然停住了。六比较、方式状语从句 引导方式状语从句的从属连词有：as，as if，as though等。方式状语从句应放在主句之后。其中as if或as though引导的从句一般用虚拟语气，但如果从句中所陈述的情况很可能实现，也可用陈述语气。 jack wasnt saying anything, but the teacher smiled at him as if he had done something very clever.杰克什么也没有说，但是老师对他微笑了，好像他做了什么非常明智的事情一样。(高考例句) 引导比较状语从句的连词有than; asas; not soas;the+比较级，the+比较级the situation of unemployment has not been so serious as (is) expected.失业的情况不像（人们）想象的那么糟糕。 【典例1】（2014山东）i dont really like the author,_ i have to admit his books are very exciting. a. although b. unless c. until d. once 解析：句意：尽管我不得不承认他的书很令人心动，但我真的不喜欢这位作者。分析题意可知前后两句并没有时间关系或条件关系，而关键词dont really like（并不真喜欢）与very exciting（激动人心的）构成前后逻辑语义上的强烈对比，故用让步状语从句的引导词although符合题意。解答此题的关键是准确理解前后语境，考生会误认为是考查notuntil结构而错选until。 答案：a 【典例2】（2014江苏）lessons can be learned to face the future, _ history cannot be changed.a. though b. as c. since d. unless解析：句意：可以吸取经验教训来面对未来，_历史不能被改变。分析题意可知主从句之间属于让步关系，因此选a表示“虽然，尽管”。可as引导让步状语从句，表“虽然，尽管”时必须倒装，since表示“自从以来；既然”，unless表示“除非”，都不符合句意。 答案：a 【技巧点拨】 状语从句的紧缩现象 为了简洁起见，有的状语从句(如时间状语从句、条件状语从句、方式状语从句等)有时可省略从句的主语和部分谓语(尤其是当从句主语与主句主语一致时)，构成“when/while/if/once/until, etc. +现在分词/过去分词/形容词/名词/介词短语/副词”的结构。如：when dealing with(=when you deal with)an emergency, you should stay calm.在处理紧急状况时，你应该保持冷静。while (i was)in beijing,i paid a visit to the summer palace. 在北京时，我参观了颐和园。some flowers shut up at night as if to sleep.有些花夜间收拢，好像为了睡眠一样。 有些由if构成的省略结构，已属固定短语，如if any, if necessary, if possible, if ever, if so, if not等。 专题热点集训10 并列句和状语从句（45分钟）i. 单项填空1.（2014浙江）cathy had quit her job when her son was born _ she could stay home and raise her family. a.now that b. as if c. only if d. so that 2.（2014湖南）you will never gain success_you are fully devoted to your work.a. when b. because c. after d. unless3.（2014北京）_ the forest park is far away, a lot of tourists visit it every year. a. as b. when c. even though d. in case4.（2014江西）it was the middle of the night _ my father woke me up and told me to watch the football game .a. that b. as c. which d. when5.（2014重庆）half an hour later, lucy still couldnt get a taxi _ the bus had dropped her. a. until b. when c. although d. where6.（2014上海) mother had just said that _ i want to have a better career advancement, i had to find work in the city. 7.（2014课标全国i) but the river wasnt changed in a few days _even a few months. 8.（2014课标全国ii) there were many people waiting at the bus stop, some of them looked very anxious and disappointed.9.（2013课标全国卷)i was glad to meet jenny again, i didnt want to spend all day with her.a. but b. and c. so d. or10.（2013四川)read this story, _ you will realize that not everything can be bought with money.a. or b. and c. but d. soii. 完形填空 （2014四川）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（a， b， c和d）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。my husband, tom, has always been good with animals, but i was still amazed when he befriended a female grouse (松鸡). its 11 for a grouse to have any contact (接触) with people. in fact, theyre hard to spot, 12 they usually fly off when they hear humans approaching.this grouse came into our lives in 13 . tom was working out in the field when he 14 her walking around at the edge of the field. she was 15 unafraid and seemed to be 16 about what he was doing.tom saw the 17 bird several times, and she got more comfortable around him. we quickly grew 18 of the bird and decided to call her mildred.one day, as tom was working, mildred came within a few feet of him to watch. tom 19 he didnt see her and kept working to see what she would do next.apparently, she didnt like to be 20 . shed run up and peck (啄) at toms hands, then 21 off to see what he would do. this went on for about 20 minutes, until mildred became tired of the 22 and left.as spring went and summer came, mildred started to 23 more and more often. 24 mildred felt comfortable enough to jump up on toms leg and stay long enough for me to get a 25 of the two of them together. this friendly grouse soon felt 26 not just with our family, but with anybody who walked or drove by.when hunting season opened, we put a 27 at the end of our driveway asking 28 not to shoot our pet grouse. my father, who lived down the road, 29 warned people not to shoot her. 30 , hunters would stop and take pictures, because they had never seen anything like her.11. a. interesting b. reasonable c. impossible d. unusual12. a. though b. because c. unless d. until13. a. spring b. summer c. autumn d. winter14. a. got b. kept c. noticed d. imagined15. a. naturally b. certainly c. normally d. surprisingly16. a. crazy b. curious c. concerned d. cautious17. a. shy b. awkward c. friendly d. elegant18. a. careful b. ti