动词的时态和语态.doc

高三英语语法 动词的时态和语态一. 要点归纳1. 动词的时态：1）动词的时态一共有16种，以ask为例，将其各种时态的构成形式列表如下：(注：主要掌握10种基本时态，阴影部分的时态仅作了解)现在时过去时将来时过去将来时一般ask / asksaskedshall / will askshould / would ask进行am / is / are askingwas/were askingshall / will be askingshould / would be asking完成have / has askedhad askedshall / will have askedshould / would have asked完成进行have / has been askinghad been askingshall / will have been askingshould / would have been asking2）现在完成时与一般过去时的区别： 现在完成时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状况，但和现在有联系，强调的是对现在造成的影响或结果，它不能同表示过去的时间状语连用，汉译英时可加“已经”等词。简言之，利用过去，说明现在。如：I have already read the novel written by the world-famous writer. (已经看过，且了解这本书的内容) 一般过去时只表示过去发生的动作或状态，和现在无关，它可和表示过去的时间状语连用，汉译英时可加“过”，“了”等词。简言之，仅谈过去，不关现在。如：I read the novel last month. (只说明上个月看了，不涉及现在是否记住)I lived in Beijing for ten years.（只说明在北京住过十年，与现在无关）3）现在完成时与现在完成进行时的区别：两者都可以表示“从过去开始一直持续到现在”，在含义上如着重表示动作的结果时，多用现在完成时，如着重表示动作一直在进行，即动作的延续性时，则多用现在完成进行时。一般不能用于进行时的动词也不能用于现在完成进行时。如：I have read that book. 我读过那本书了。I have been reading that book all the morning. 我早上一直在读那本书。4) 一般将来时的几种表达方式：将来时用法例句1will/shall+动词原形表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态My sister will be ten next year.2be going to+动词原形含有“打算，计划，即将”做某事，或表示根据现在的迹象对未来进行推断Were going to have a party tonight.Look at the dark clouds. It is going to rain.3be + doing 进行时表示将来go, come, start, move, leave, arrive等词可用进行时表示按计划即将发生的动作He is moving to the south.Are they leaving for Europe? 4be about to + 动词原形表示安排或计划中的马上就要发生的动作，后面一般不跟时间状语I was about to leave when the bell rang.The meeting is about to close.5be to + 动词原形表示按计划进行或征求对方意见Were to meet at the school gate at noon.表示“指令”，相当于should, must, have toThe medicine is to be taken three times a day.表示命中注定要发生的事They were never to meet again.6一般现在时表示将来时刻表上或日程安排上早就定好的事情，可用一般现在时表示将来The meeting starts at five oclock.The plane leaves at ten this evening.5) 过去完成时的几种用法：用 法例句1表示“过去的过去”He said he had learned English for 6 years.2表示从过去某一时间一直延续到过去另一时间，常用的时间状语有：by then, by the end of, by the time, until等Until then he had known nothing about it yet.3在句型“Hardly / Scarcely when”中Hardly had I got home when the telephone rang.4在句型“No sooner than”中No sooner had I started than the car got a flat tire.5It was / had been + 一段时间 + since从句。since从句中的谓语动词用过去完成时。It was five years since I had had such a wonderful time.6It was the first / second /time + that 从句。that从句中的谓语动词用过去完成时。It was the fourth time that you had made the same mistake.7表示愿望、打算一类的词，如hope, expect, mean, intend, want, think, suppose等，其过去完成时表示过去未曾实现的愿望或意图。I had meant to visit you yesterday, but I had an unexpected guest.2. 动词的被动语态：动词的语态一共有16种，以ask为例，将其各种语态的构成形式列表如下：(注：主要掌握8种基本时态，阴影部分的语态仅作了解)现在时过去时将来时过去将来时一般am / is / are askedwas / were askedshall/will be askedshould/would be asked进行am / is / are being askedwas / were being askedshall / will be being askedshould / would be being asked完成have / has been askedhad been askedshall / will have been askedshould / would have been asked完成进行have / has been being askedhad been being askedshall / will have been being askedshould / would have been being asked注意事项被动语态的否定式是在第一个助动词或情态动词后加not，短语动词的被动态不可漏掉其中介副词。固定结构be going to, used to, have to, had better变为被动态时，只需将其后的动词变为被动态。 如：Trees should not be planted in summer. / The boy was made fun of by his classmates.Newspapers used to be sent here by the little girl.汉语有一类句子不出现主语，在英语中一般可用被动结构表示。如：It is believed that It is generally considered that It is said thatIt is well known that It must be pointed out that It is supposed thatIt is reported that It must be admitted that It is hoped that下面主动形式常表示被动意义：如：The watch wants / needs / requires repairing.The magazine is worth reading twice.The door wont shut. / The play wont act.The clothes washes well. / The book sells well.The dish tastes delicious. / Water feels very cold.下面词或短语没有被动态：leave, enter, reach, become, benefit, cost, equal, contain, last, lack, fit, fail, have, appear, happen, occur, belong to, take place, break out, come about, agree with, keep up with, consist of, have on, lose heart等等二. 专项演练1. Why did you leave the water running in the sink? Heavens! I guess I_ to turn it off. A. forgotB. have forgottenC. will forgetD. had forgotten2. I_ the saxophone at regular intervals for many years when I was a child.A. playedB. was playingC. has playedD. has been playing3. Do you really believe him? He is always changing his mind.But this time, it seems that he_ to go.A. will decideB. decidesC. decidedD. has decided4. You really need to go out and get some fresh air and sunshine. You _ overworked during the last two weeks. A. have been B. were C. had been D. would be5. Ann _ here any more. She left last month. A. wont work B. doesnt work C. hasnt workedD. isnt working6. If your order is ready, the T-shirt _ to you as soon as possible. A. has delivered B. is delivered C. will deliver D. will be delivered7. My stomach _ me. I thought it was going away，but now its getting worse and worse. A. was killing B. is killing C. kills D. killed8. I thought I _ my cell phone somewhere. But it is on the back seat of my car.A. had lostB. would loseC. have lostD. lose200905099. Have you got your result of the final?Not yet. I was told that the papers _.A. were still being graded B. were not grading C. have already been gradedD. have not grading10. I_ some photos to be developed. Are they ready yet?Yes. Here you are.A. leftB. will leaveC. have leftD. had left11. At minus 130C, a living cell can_ for a thousand years.A. preserveB. be preservedC. be preservingD. have been preserved2009050612. Let Mr. Stephen in, please? He _ me. Yes, Sir. In the meeting room.A. is expectingB. has expectedC. expectedD. was expecting13. I used to go camping a lot, so it wont be the first time I_ in a tent.A. have slept B. had sleptC. was sleeping D. slept14. With the effects of global warming, trees_ their leaves much later in the year.A. are losing B. have lost C. lost D. were losing15. To her disappointment, what she had devoted herself to _ in nothing but failure.A. resulting B. results C. has resulted D. resulted16.Isnt it amazing that I met Francis at the Christmas party? Really? For how many years _ each other? A. didnt you see B. havent you seen C. hadnt you seen D. dont you see17. Five of the 12 bronze animal heads _ to China, with seven other ones still missing.A. returned B. had returned C. have been returned D. have returned 18. Heres the key to my car.Thanks, but I must know where you _ it.A. will park B. park C. had parked D. parked19. The number of students admitted annually to this school _ from more than 2. 000 in the year 2,000 to some 3,000 last year. A. increases B. has increased C. is increasing D. increased20. They _ of the terrible situation in Thailand, otherwise they wouldnt have gone there for sightseeing.A. wouldnt hear B. didnt hear C. havent heard D. dont hear21. Have you found the problem with the computer ? 一Sorry. It_. A. is checked B. is being checked C. has checked D. was being checked22. By the time you arrive in London，we_ in Europe for two weeks . A. shall stay B. have stayed C. will have stayed D. have been staying23.Around two oclock every night, Sue will start talking in her dream. It somewhat _ us. A. bothersB. had botheredC. would botherD. bothered24. Luckily，the loss_ great；otherwise，our company would have closed down. A. isnt B. hadnt been C. hasnt been D. wasnt25. You_ much more easily in a foreign company，on condition that you have a good spoken command of English. A. will promoteB. promoteC. will get promotedD. are promoted26. Over the past three decades the number of students _ at an annual rate of 3. 9 percent, from 800, 000 in 1975 to 3.5 million in 2008.A. grew B. growsC. have grown D. has grown27. 一If I hadnt been caught in the heavy rain，I could have been back by 7 oclock. 一What a pity! Stella _ here to see you.A. is B. wasC. would beD. has been 28. Years ago we didnt know this, but recent science_ that women who drink more than two cups of coffee are more likely to have heart disease than those who dont.A. showedB. has shownC. will showD. is showing29. 一Why are you so excited，John?Our class got the first prize in the singing contest at last，which we_ forward to. A. have been looking B. had been looking C. looked D. had looked30. The new dictionaries are very useful. They _ well and _ already .A. sell; have been sold out B. sold; had sold out C. sell; sell out D. are sold; have been sold out31. Dont try to call John at 11:30 tomorrow morning because he _ class at that time. A. is going to attend B. will attend C. is to attend D. will be attending32. Unfortunately，when I got to her flat，she _，so we had only time for a few words. A. just left B. had just left C. has just left D. was just leaving33. By the end of last year, another new theme park _ completed in that area. A. was being B. would be C. has been D. had been34. Kate_ on her now novel，which is supposed to come out next month. A. has been working B. had worked C. will be working D. was working35. Profits in his company went up by 25% last year, and _so far this year though the financial situation is bad. A. havent decreased B. didnt decrease C. havent been decreased D. werent decreased36. Mr. White works with an import and export company, but he _for this industrial fair, since he is on leave. A. has worked B. works C. has been working D. is working37. 一How long have you been in this office? 一Just a few minutes. I_ here together with my cousin. A. have walked B. had walked C. have been walking D. walked38. Tom, can you answer my question? Er, Im very sorry, Miss Evens, I _ about something else. A. had thought B. was thinking C. will think D. have thought39. Jeff, you look so excited today. Sure I am, I _ a good job in a big company, you know. A. offered B. will offer C. have been offered D. was offered 40. My daughter _ in a restaurant for the summer, but she doesnt like very much.A. worked B. is working C. was working D. works41. He has been receiving phone calls from journalists since he became famous. They _ to know what will become of his life in the future. A. have wanted B. are wanting C. want D. wanted42. Why not come over at the weekend? The children_ seeing you again. A. enjoyed B. will enjoy C. would enjoy D. have enjoyed43. The Amazon valley is very important to the natural balance of the earth. Forty percent of the worlds oxygen_ there. A. produces B. has produced C. is produced D. has been produced 44. Mr. Green was out of town last week. He _ a medical conference. A. will attend B. had attended C. was attending D. would attend45. If a computer crashes，you will lose the file you_ on if you dont save it early enough. A. are working B. work C. will work D. worked46. It_ hard now，otherwise we could have a barbecue on the beach. A. rainedB. is rainingC. rainsD. would rain47. Stella, you_ things about, Look, what a mess in your room! A. always throw B. have always throw C. are always throwing D. have always been throwing48. 一Ring me at 5 am? Youd better not so early! I _. 一I got it. A. will sleep B. sleep C. am sleeping D. will be sleeping49. Because of the Russian gas limit to Europe, attempts_ to use botanical fuel as a source of power. A. have madeB. having madeC. are being made D. will be making50. Have you finished your essay? Half_ when you come back. A. has been doneB. is done C. be doneD. will have been done三. 高考连接51.【江西卷】26. -Look! Somebody the sofa. -Well, it wasnt me. I didnt do it.A. is cleaningB. was cleaningC. has cleanedD. had cleaned52.【湖南卷】33. - I remember you were a talented pianist at college. Can you play the piano for me? - Sorry, I _ the piano for years. A. dont playB. wasnt playingC. havent playedD. hadnt played53.【湖南卷】27. “The moment _ soon”, he thought to himself, waiting nervously. A. cameB. has comeC. was comingD. is coming54.【湖南卷】25. Close the door of fear behind you, and you _ the door of faith open before you. A. sawB. have seenC. will seeD. are seeing55. 【重庆卷】27. Food supplies in the flood-stricken area _.We must act immediately before theres left.A. have run out B. are running out C. have been run out D. are being run out56.【重庆卷】22.-kevin,you look worried. Anything wrong? -Well, I_ a test and Im waiting for the result. A. will take B. took C. had taken D. take57.【辽宁卷】35. Mum, I was wondering if you could lend me a few dollars until I _ on Friday. A. get paid B. got paid C. have paid D. had been paid58.【辽宁卷】33. Jack is a great talker. Its high time that he something instead of just talking. A. will do B. has done C. do D. did 59.【陕西卷】24.Can I call you back at two oclock this afternoon? Im sorry, but by then I_ to Beijing. How about five?A. fly B. will fly C. will be flying D. am flying 60.【北京卷】22. By the time you have finished this book, your meal _ cold.A. gets B. has got C. will get D. is getting61.【北京卷】29. Have you heard about that fire in the market? Yes, fortunately no one _.A. hurt B. was hurt C. has hurt D. had been hurt62.【北京卷】30. Our friendship _ quickly over the weeks that followed.A. had developed B. was developing C. would develop D. developed63.【全国II】14. -Did you ask Sophia for help?-I _ need to I managed perfectly well on my own. A. wouldnt B. dont C. didnt D. wont64.【天津卷】The three of us _ around Europe for about a month last summer.A. travelled B. have travelledC. had travelledD. travel65.【全国新课程】33. I had been working on math for the whole afternoon and the numbers_ before my eyes.A. swim B. swum C. swam D. had swum66.【全国新课程】23. Life is like walking in the snow, Granny used to say, because every step ” A. has shown B. is showing C. shows D. showed67.【山东卷】34. The manager was concerned to hear that two of his trusted workers _. A. will leaveB. are leaving C. have left D. were leaving 68.【浙江卷】16. Alvin, are you coming with us? Id love to, but something unexpected _. A. has come up B. was coming up C. had come upD. would come up69.【浙江卷】13 Peter had intended to take a job in business, but _that plan after the unpleasant experience in Canada in 2010. A. had abandoned B. abandonedC. abandonD. will abandon70.【江苏卷】34. The president hopes that the people will be better off when he quits than when he_. A. has started B. starts C. started D. will start71.【江苏卷】32. The manager is said to have arrived back from Paris where he_ some European partners.A. would meet B. is meeting C. meets D. had met72.【安徽卷】33. Walmart, which is one of the largest American supermarket chains, _some of its store open 24 hours on Mondays through Saturdays.A. keeps B. keep C. have kept D. had kept73.【北京】23. Shakespeares play Hamlet into at least ten different films over the past years. A. had been madeB. was madeC. has been made D. would be made74.【北京】32. - So what is the procedure?- All the applicants before a final decision is made by the authority. A. interviewB. are interviewingC. are interviewedD. are being interviewed75.【福建】26. The girl has a great interest in sport and _ badminton classes twice a week over the last three years.A. took B. is taking C. takes D. has been taking 76.【湖南】27. Have you heard about the recent election? Sure, it _ the only thing on the news for the last three days. A. would beB. isC. has beenD. will be77.【江苏】21. Generally, students inner motivation with high expectations from others _ essential to their development.A. is B. are C. was D. were78.【江苏】25. Could I use your car tomorrow morning?Sure. I a report at home.A. will be writing B. will have written C. have written D. have been writing79.【江苏】34. What about your self-drive trip yesterday?Tiring! The road is being widened, and we a rough ride.A. had B. have C. wou