连词 right.doc

2010-2011高三英语第一轮复习资料之连词 （编排:黄书琴）连词分为并列连词和从属连词两大类。并列连词是连接主语与主语，谓语与谓语，句子与句子，分词与分词的词，它要求前后两部分有相同的形式和语法作用；而从属连词一般连接主句与从句，从句形式有名词性从句，定语从句和状语从句等。连词考点详解：一、以and为代表的表示意义引申的并列连词1. and 与or引导两个并列的词、词组或句子。I saw two men sitting behind and whispering there. 我看见两个人坐在后面低声耳语。and与or 还可以和祈使句或名词词组连用表示条件。Make up your mind, or youll miss the chance. 下定决心，不然，你就会错失良机。If you make up your mind, youll get the chance. 如果你下定决心，你就会把握住机会。One more effort, and youll succeed. 再努力一点，你就会成功。比较and和or: 并列结构中，or通常用于否定句，and用于肯定句。但有时and 也可用于否定句。请注意其不同点：There is no air or water on the moon. 月球上既没有空气，也没有水。There is no air and no water on the moon. 月球上没有空气，没有水。在否定中并列结构用or 连接，但含有两个否定词的句子实际被看作是肯定结构，因此要用and。即时练习 1: I dont like chicken fish.I dont like chicken, I like fish very much.A. and；and B. and；but C. or；but D. or；and2. both .and 两者都She plays （both） the piano and the guitar. 她既弹钢琴，也弹吉他。3. not only .but （also）, as well as不仅而且。She plays not only the piano, but （also） the guitar. 她不仅弹钢琴，也弹吉他。注意：not only .but also 连接两个分句时，一个分句因有否定词not 而必须倒装。Not only does he like reading stories, but also he can even write some.他不仅喜欢读故事，而且自己也能写一些故事。4. neither .nor 意为“既不也不”,谓语动词采用就近原则，与nor之后的词保持一致。Neither you nor he is to blame. 应受责备的，既不是你，也不是他。 归纳小结：both and, either or, neither nor ；not only but also, as well asboth and“双方都”，连接句子的两个主语时，其后谓语动词通常用使用复数形式。either or与neither nor注意采取“就近原则”。 not only but also, as well as两者强调对象不同，not only but also强调的是but also之后部分，而as well as则强调其前面的部分。not only but also采取“就近原则”，而as well as只是一个插入语，采取“就远原则”。如：Mr.Smith, as well as his wife and children, has come to Nanjing for a visit.not only but also结构中的not only可用于句首，连接两个分句时，第一个从句主谓要倒装。Not only is he clever ,but also he is hard working.二、以or为代表的表示选择的并列连词1. or意思为“否则”。I must work hard, or Ill fail in the exam. 我必须努力学习，否则会通不过考试的。2. either .or 意思为“或者或者”。注意谓语动词的主谓一致上采用就近原则。Either you or I am right. 或者你或者我是正确的。三、以but为代表的表示意义转折的并列连词1. but表示转折，while表示对比。Some people love cats, while others hate them.有些人喜欢猫，但有些人就讨厌猫。即时练习 2: Would you like to come to dinner tonight?Id like to, Im too busy.A. and B. so C. as D. but2. not .but .意思为“不是而是”，后面的用词要遵循一致原则。They were not the bones of an animal, but （the bones） of a human being. 它们不是动物的骨头，而是人类的骨头四、表示缘由的并列连词for,还有so（所以），when（这时）等1. for是并列连词，不能置于含两个并列分句的句子的句首，只能将其放在两个分句中间。即时练习 3: He is absent today, _ he is ill.他今天缺席是因为生病了。A. and B. so C. as D. for2. so为连词, therefore一般为副词。He hurt his leg, so he couldnt play in the game.他伤到腿了，所以没能参加比赛。I think; therefore I exist. 我思，故我在。3. 比较so和 such: such 是形容词，修饰名词或名词词组;so是副词，只能修饰形容词或副词。so 还可以与表示数量的形容词many，few，much， little连用，形成固定搭配。 so+adj. so foolish so+adj.+a（n）+n. so nice a flower so+adj.+n. （pl.） so many/few flowers so many peopleso+adj.+n.（不可数） so much/little money such+a（n）+n. such a fool/such a nice flower such+n.（pl.） such nice flowers / such a lot of people such+n.（不可数） such rapid progress so many 已成为固定搭配，a lot of 虽然相当于 many，但 a lot of 为名词性短语，只能用such修饰。so .that与such .that之间的转换可视为 so与such之间的转换。五、几个常用的从属连词。when、while、as都表示“当时候”，when引导的从句的动作与主句的动词可同时发生，也可先后发生；as、while引导的从句则强调主句和从句的动作同时发生。如：When I go to the station, the train had already left.He sang merrily as he was working.till、until均表示“到时候止”，肯定句中的谓语必须是延续性动作。如：I worked till late at night.若主句谓语是终止性动词，则主句要用否定形式，意为动作“到才”开始发生。如：She didnt get up until her mother came in.注意：till和until通常情况下可以互换，只是在句首时until比till更常用。though、although均引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然”，although较正式，though最常用。如：Thouth (Although)he was tired,he kept on working.注意：though、although引导的从句不能与but、however连用，但可以与yet、still连用。though还可以与别的词结合使用，如even though、as though,而although则不能这样搭配。no sooner than、hardly when、as soon as三者都表示“一就”，“刚刚就”的意思。（A）as soon as 置于主句前后都可以，而且有备各种时态。如：As soon as she gets here Ill tell her about it. Mary left as soon as the finished the work.(B)hardly when、no sooner than不能表示将来的事，其主句的谓语动词一般用过去完成时，从句用过去时。若将hardly或no sooner放在句首，句子要倒装。如：No sooner had he arrived than he went away again.某些表示时间的名词（词组）也可用作从属连词。它们是：the moment, the minute,the instant, the day, the time, the first (second, third ) time, the spring (summer, autumn,winter), every(each, next, any) time(day),by the time,都可引导时间状语从句。如：His mother died the spring he returned.Call me up the minute he arrives.六、连词选择填空题精解1. The changes in the city will cost quite a lot, _they will save us money in the long run. A. or B. since C. for D. but解析：答案为D。本题考查并列连词or、for、but和从属连词的意义和用法。并列连词or通常表示选择关系；for表示因果关系；but表示转折关系；从属连词since表示原因。通过比较前后两个分句意思可知，它们是转折关系。2. Several weeks had gone by I realized the painting was missing.A. as B. before C. since D. when解析：答案为B。本题考查连词的用法。时间had passed(gone)by before sb. + realized表”在不知不觉中过（已过去了）”。3. The girl had hardly rung the bell the door was opened suddenly, and her friend rushed out to greet her. A. before B. until C. as D. sincen 解析：答案为A。本题考查连词的使用。根据 “rung the bell” 和 “the door was opened ”的发生先后，可以得出答案。句子的含义是：女孩还没来得及按门铃，门就突然打开了。她的朋友们一拥而上去欢迎她。即时练习:4: John plays basketball well, his favourite sport is badminton.A.So B.or C.yet D.for5: Peter was so excited he received an invitation from his friend to visit Chongqing. A.where B.that C.why D.when6: He found it increasingly difficult to read, his eyesight was beginning to fail. A.Though B.for C.but D.so7: It is often said that the joy of travelling is in arriving at your destination in the journey itself.A./;but B./;or C.not;or D.not;but8: Stand over there youll be able to see the oil painting better.A.but B.till C.and D.or9: I thought wed be late for the concert, we ended up getting there ahead of time. A.But B.or C.so D.for10: The artist was born poor, poor he remained all his life.(2008重庆)A.and B.or C.but D.so11:In some places women are expected to earn money men work at home and raise their babies.A.but B.while C.because D.though12: I cannot tell whether the book is worth reading, I havent read it myself.A.but B.so C.or D.for13: Between the two generations,it is often not their age, their education that causes misunderstanding. A.Like B.as C.or D.but14: Our holiday cost a lot of money. Did it? Well, that doesnt matter_ you enjoyed yourselves.A as long as B unless C as soon as D though15: Please pronounce the word _ I did.A. by the wayB. the wayC. the momentD. like16: I was about to leave my house _ the phone rang.A. whileB. whenC. asD. after17: I had cut the meat into pieces _ Mother started cooking.A. when B. as soon asC. after D. while18: I really wonder _ he has posted me many packages _ we worked together.A. how；afterB. why；whenC. when；bef oreD. why；since连词即时练习参考答案1. 选C。否定句中表示并列用or; but 表示转折2. 选D。but与前面形成转折，符合句意。而表示并列的and，表示结果的so，表示原因的as都不符合句意。3 选D。并列连词for表示原因4 选C。考查转折连词的用法。句意为:约翰篮球打得很好，但他最喜欢的运动是羽毛球