广东省新兴县惠能中学二轮复习 文体分类突破(6)课件.ppt

记叙文 记叙文 是以叙述为主要表达方式 以写人物的经历和事物发展变化为主要内容的一种文体 记叙文包括的范围很广 如记人记事 日记 游记 传说 新闻 通讯小说等 都属于记叙文的范畴 记叙文写的是生活中的见闻 因此 时常伴随着作者真实情感的流露 往往在记叙的过程中会夹杂着抒情和议论 一 了解文体特点高考中 记叙文多与中学生熟悉的话题有关 掌握记叙文要抓住以下特点 六个要素就是指我们常常提到的人物 时间 地点 事件 原因 经过等等 即5个w who when where why what 和一个h how 2 常用线索记叙文的线索是贯穿全文 将材料串连起来的一条主线 它把文章的各个部分连结成一个统一 和谐的有机体 常用的线索有人物发展的线索 事件发展的线索 时间线索 地点线索 人物思想感情的变化线索等 把握行文线索可以把握作者的写作思路和通篇的结构 3 记叙顺序记叙文的顺序通常有三种 即顺叙 倒叙和插叙 而以前两种情况居多 4 写作意图就是作者通过讲故事想要揭示的道理 或是证明某一理论 或是阐明某一概念 或同人分享快乐 或是赞美或谴责某种行为 等等 二 掌握阅读技巧1 把握故事整体找出文章六要素 然后按照线索弄清楚事情的来龙去脉 理解文脉进而把握故事的整体 2 注意记叙顺序特别遇上倒叙的文章时 可以先读完通篇之后按照故事本来情节分析理解 3 抓主旨明细节抓住重要细节有助于把握文章主旨和作者意图 更好地解决具体的问题 4 多问为什么读完故事后问故事讲了什么 故事想告诉我们什么 有助于我们深入地挖掘和领会作者的写作意图 onoctober17 1826 carlylemarriedhissecretaryjanewelsh shewasanintelligent attractiveandsomewhattemperamentaldaughterofawell to dodoctor theyhadtheirquarrelsandmisunderstandings butstilllovedeachotherdearly 1 whichofthefollowingstatementistrueaccordingtothepassage a aftermarriage janebecameafull timehousewife b quarrelsandmisunderstandingsdidn tlessenjane sloveforcarlyle c carlylesparedmoretimeforjaneaftershewasill d janegotcancerandsoonwasforcedtostayinbed b quarrelsandmisunderstandingsdidn tlessenjane sloveforcarlyle 2 c词义猜测题 由第二段中的 quarrelsandmisunderstandings 并通过构词法temperamental中包含 temper 可猜出 该词大意为 情绪无常 易喜易怒的 onoctober17 1826 carlylemarriedhissecretaryjanewelsh shewasanintelligent attractiveandsomewhattemperamentaldaughterofawell to dodoctor theyhadtheirquarrelsandmisunderstandings butstilllovedeachotherdearly 2 theunderlinedword temperamental inparagraph1probablymeans bad temperedb easy goingc easilyangryorexcitedd out going 3 c推理判断题 由文章中的 wishingsomuchhehadachancetodoitdifferently 和文中最后一段作者反复重复的 ifihadonlyknown ifihadonlyknown 可知主人公非常悔恨 wishingsomuchhehadachancetodoitdifferently noticingherdiaryonatablebesidethebed hepickeditupandbegantoreadit suddenlyheseemedshocked hiseyeswereredfromweeping hekeptrepeatingoverandoveragain ifihadonlyknown ifihadonlyknown 3 whichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribecarlyle sfeeling disappointedb hopelessc regretfuld desperate c regretful 4 basedonthepassage ifcarlylehadonlyknown heshould nothavequarreledwithjaneb havespentmoretimewithjanec havereadjane sdiaryearlyd nothavemadejanemisunderstandhim althoughcarlylelovedherdearly heseldomfoundtimetostaywithherlong wishingsomuchhehadachancetodoitdifferently 4 b推理判断题 由第三段的 althoughcarlylelovedherdearly heseldomfoundtimetostaywithherlong 和第四段的 wishingsomuchhehadachancetodoitdifferently 可推断出答案为b b havespentmoretimewithjane thomascarlylelivedfrom1795until1881 buthewasahumanandhumansmakemistakes janedied leavingcarlyleindeepsorrow hesattherethinkingabouthowlittletimehehadspentwithherandwishingsomuchhehadachancetodoitdifferently 5 theauthor smainpurposeinwritingthetextisto a introducethomascarlyle afamousessayistandhistorian b showpeoplethefamilylifeofthomascarlyle c remindothersnottomakethesamemistakeascarlyledid d tellthedeeplovebetweencarlyleandjane c remindothersnottomakethesamemistakeascarlyledid 2 aftertheunforgettablyinitialshock herememberedthepromisehehadmadetohisson nomatterwhat i llalwaysbethereforyou andtearsbegantofillhiseyes ashelookedatthepileofruinsthatoncewastheschool itlookedhopeless buthekeptrememberinghiscommitmenttohisson 1 whichofthefollowingisnottrueaccordingtothepassage a over30 000peoplewerekilledintheinitialshock b mostofthebuildingsinamericaweredestroyed c theearthquakeonlylastedforfourminutes d theearthquakeleftthecityinchaos 1 c细节理解题 通过文章第二段可知a b d三个答案是正确的 而c选项表述有误 killingover30 000peopleinlessthanfourminutes 中的四分钟是指 initialshake 是首震 地震还没有结束 因此可知答案为c aftertheunforgettablyinitialshock herememberedthepromisehehadmadetohisson nomatterwhat i llalwaysbethereforyou andtearsbegantofillhiseyes ashelookedatthepileofruinsthatoncewastheschool itlookedhopeless buthekeptrememberinghiscommitmenttohisson 2 theunderlinedword commitment inparagraph2probablymeans a devotionb admissionc promised mission 2 c词义猜测题 由第二段中的 herememberedthepromisehehadmadetohisson 可知答案 c promise courageouslyhewentonalonebecauseheneededtoknowforhimself ismyboyaliveordead hescreamedhisson sname armand heheardback dad it sme dad itoldtheotherkidsnottoworry itoldthemthatifyouwerealive you dsavemeandwhenyousavedme they dbesaved youpromised nomatterwhathappens you llalwaysbethereforme youdidit dad 3 fromthelastparagraphwecaninfer a thefatherfoundhissonaliveinthe38thhour b thesonisbraveandbelievesinhisfather c armandandotherkidswerealltrappedundertheruins d thefatherwentondiggingallbyhimself b thesonisbraveandbelievesinhisfather courageouslyhewentonalonebecauseheneededtoknowforhimself ismyboyaliveordead hescreamedhisson sname armand heheardback dad it sme dad itoldtheotherkidsnottoworry itoldthemthatifyouwerealive you dsavemeandwhenyousavedme they dbesaved youpromised nomatterwhathappens you llalwaysbethereforme youdidit dad 4 what smostlikelytobediscussedintheparagraphthatfollows a appreciationfromtheparentswhosechildrenweresaved b howtosavethekidsundertheruins c thehappyreunionbetweenfatherandson d thegreatlosstheearthquakeresultedinfortheschool b howtosavethekidsundertheruins 5 thepurposeofwritingthetextisto a reportadestructiveearthquakeinamericanhistory b emphasizethegreatlossresultingfromtheearthquake c praiseafatherwhomanagedtosavehissonduringanearthquake d educatepeoplenottogiveupeasilywhenindifficulty 5 c意图理解题 本文为一篇记叙文 通过文中四 五段虽然被多次劝阻停止挖掘但是这位伟大的父亲还是坚持挖掘了38小时 直至找到儿子 因此 作者旨在歌颂这位伟大的父亲 3 mysonjoeywasbornwithclubfeet thedoctorsassuredusthatwithtreatmenthewouldbeabletowalknormally butwouldneverrunverywell thefirstthreeyearsofhislifewerespentinsurgery bythetimehewaseight youwouldn tknowhehadaproblemwhenyousawhimwalk 1 ifonewasbornwithclubfeet he canneverwalknormallylikeothersb couldbegoodatrunningc hastostayinhospitalforlongd hasfeetwhicharebadlyshaped d hasfeetwhicharebadlyshaped thechildreninourneighborhoodranaroundasmostchildrendoduringplay andjoeywouldjoinrightinandrunandplay too wenevertoldhimthatheprobablywouldn tbeabletorunaswellastheotherchildren sohedidn tknow 2 whichofthefollowingstatementsisnottrueaboutjoey a hehasgonethroughmanysurgeries b hecanwalkasnormalpeopleateight c hedarednotrunaroundlikeotherchildren d hetrainedharderinthecross countryteam 2 c细节理解题 通过第二段 joeywouldjoinrightinandrunandplay too 的表述 可知答案 twoweekslater thenamesoftheteamrunnerswereannounced joeywasnumbersixonthelist joeyhadmadetheteam hewasintheseventhgrade theothersixteammemberswerealleighth graders wenevertoldhimheshouldn texpecttomaketheteam wenevertoldhimhecouldn tdoit sohedidn tknow hejustdidit 3 theunderlinedphrase maketheteam probablymeans beamemberoftheteamb beasuccessintheteamc makeupateamd catchupwiththeteam beamemberoftheteam twoweekslater thenamesoftheteamrunnerswereannounced joeywasnumbersixonthelist joeyhadmadetheteam hewasintheseventhgrade theothersixteammemberswerealleighth graders wenevertoldhimheshouldn texpecttomaketheteam wenevertoldhimhecouldn tdoit sohedidn tknow hejustdidit 4 accordingtothepassage joey shard workresultedin a hishavingahighfeverb hiswinningthechancetoscorepointsforschool c hisrunningaswellasotherteammates d makinghisteamwin b hiswinningthechancetoscorepointsforschool 5 whatcanwelearnfromthetext a hardworkandperseverancecanworkwonders b godhelpsthosewhohelpthemselves c parentalloveisdeepasthesea d nopains nogains 5 a主旨大意题 文章中不断贯穿的线索是joey workinghardandneverstop 并且通过最后的结果 joeymadetheteam 可知对于一个有畸形足的孩子 是他的刻苦和毅力创造了奇迹 4 butihaddonethenormal motherly things likemakingsuremydaughtergettoballetandgymlessons iwenttoallofherschoolconcerts parent teacherconferencesandopenhousesalone iraninterferenceduringmyhusband sragewhensomethingwasspilledatthedinnertable tellingher itwillbeokay honey daddy snotreallymadatyou ididallicouldtoprotectherfromhearingtheawfulshoutingandaccusationsafterhereturnedfromanightofdrinking finallyididthebestthingicoulddoformydaughterandmyself iremovedusfromthehomethatwasn treallyahomeatall 1 thefollowingthingsareconsidered motherly thingsexcept a takingchildrengotoballetandgymlessonsb attendingparent teacherconferencesandopenhousesc goingtochildren sschoolconcertsd maintaininganabusivemarriage 1 d推理判断题 通过第二段对 motherlythings 的具体描述 用排除法 可知答案为d butihaddonethenormal motherly things daddy snotreallymadatyou ididallicouldtoprotectherfromhearingtheawfulshoutingandaccusationsafterhereturnedfromanightofdrinking 2 theunderlinedword rage inparagraph2probablymeans a blameb angerc beatingd abuse 2 b词义猜测题 通过第二段 由 rage 而引发的结果就是 awfulshoutingandaccusations 可知 先是 生气 愤怒 然后大声叫嚷和责备 b anger butihaddonethenormal motherly things likemakingsuremydaughtergettoballetandgymlessons iremovedusfromthehomethatwasn treallyahomeatall 3 whichofthefollowingisnottruebasedonthetext a thewriter shusbandgetsangryeasilyafterdrinking b thelittlegirlisquiteafraidofhisfather c thewritertrieshardtoprotectherdaughterfromabuse d thewritermanagedtosurvivehermarriageatlast 3 d细节理解题 由第二段 iremovedusfromthehomethatwasn treallyahomeatall 可知答案为d thatwasthedayireallybecameamom idiscoveredthatbeingamomisn tonlygoingtoballetandgymrecitals andattendingeveryschoolconcertandopenhouse itisn tkeepingaspotlesshouseandpreparingperfectmeals itcertainlyisn tpretendingthingsarenormalwhentheyarenot forme beingamomstartedwhenicouldlaughoverspilledmilk 4 whatcanweinferfromparagraph3 a themotheranddaughterstartedtheirnewlifehappily b thelittlegirliscarelessandnaughty c acalmandquitedinneriswhattheywantedmost d thewriterlaughedoverspilledmilk 4 a推理判断题 由第四段的与过去的家里不同 母女两人可以安静 平和地吃晚餐而不用担心犯错而遭来的谩骂和 theyweretearsofjoyandpeace 可知 答案为a thedayibecameamomwasnotthedaymydaughterwasborn butsevenyearslater thatwasthedayireallybecameamom forme beingamomstartedwhenicouldlaughoverspilledmilk 5 thetextismainlywrittentoexplain theimportantoffamilytochildrenb therealroleofbeingamotherc howgreatthemotherlyloveisd howtogetonwellwithyourchildren b therealroleofbeingamother thementalkedforhoursonend theyspokeoftheirwivesandfamilies theirhomes theirjobs theirinvolvementinthemilitaryservice andeveryafternoonwhenthemaninthebedbythewindowcouldsitup hewouldpassthetimebydescribingtohisroommateallthethingshecouldseeoutsidethewindow 5 1 what stheprobablerelationshipbetweenthetwomen brothersb relativesc fellowsoldiersd strangers 1 c推理判断题 由第二段前二句可知 尤其 theirinvolvementinthemilitaryservice 是关键信息 2 theunderlinedword deceased inparagraph7canbereplacedby a weakb sickc deadd kind 2 c词义猜测题 通过文章描述 whohaddiedpeacefullyinhissleep 与词汇的词形来猜测 可知答案 onemorning thenursearrivedtobringwaterfortheirbathsonlytofindthelifelessbodyofthemanbythewindow whohaddiedpeacefullyinhissleep assoonasitseemedappropriate theothermanaskedifhecouldbemovednexttothewindow thenursewashappytomaketheswitch andaftermakingsurehewascomfortable shelefthimalone slowly painfully heheldhimselfupononeelbowtotakehisfirstlookoutofthewindow themanintheotherbedbegantoliveforthoseperiodswherehisworldwouldbebroadenedandenlivenedbyalltheactivityandcoloroftheworldoutside 3 whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue a thehospitalisnexttoaparkwithalake b thevividdescriptionmadetheothermanfullofhope c thetwopatientsswitchedtheirbedoutofwillingness d thenursehelpedthemansituptolookoutside 3 b细节理解题 通过对文章进行细节的排除 并通过第三段描述 hisworldwouldbebroadenedandenlivenedbyalltheactivityandcoloroftheworldoutside 可知 however itfacedablankwall themanaskedthenursewhatcouldhavecausedhisdeceasedroommatetodescribesuchwonderfulthingsoutsidethiswindow thenurserespondedthatthemanwasblindandcouldnotevenseethewall shesaid perhapshejustwantedtoencourageyou 4 themannexttothewindowcanbedescribedas a dishonestandcunningb talkativeandannoyingc kindandencouragingd generousandinspiring 4 c推理判断题 由文章中的最后一段的理解 虽然逝去的病人是盲人 但却不断地通过描述窗外的景色来鼓舞另外一个病人 可知答案 5 thepurposeofthewritingisto a uncoverthepurposeoftheman stellingwhiteliesb showtheboredomofbeingconfinedtohospitalc praisethekindnessofthenursewhoworkedhardd introducehowtwopatientspasstimeinhospital 5 a主旨大意题 由最后一段中的 themanwasblindandcouldnotevenseethewall 与 perhapshejustwantedtoencourageyou 可知答案 however itfacedablankwall themanaskedthenursewhatcouldhavecausedhisdeceasedroommatetodescribesuchwonderfulthingsoutsidethiswindow thenurserespondedthatthemanwasblindandcouldnotevenseethewall shesaid perhapshejustwantedtoencourageyou 议论文 议论文也就是说理的文章 通常由论点 论据 论证过程和结论组成 一 了解文体特点为了突出写作目的 作者常在文章开头就提出论点 以便读者对作者观点有一个比较清晰的了解 提出论点之后 作者就会提供论据来论证论点是否正确 作者可以用来论证的方法较多 最为常见的方法是正反论证 这样的论证思路清晰 观点明确 说服力强 震憾度高 论证结束之后 作者常就论点是否正确提出明确结论 它体现作者的写作目的和文章的现实意义 总之 议论文一般会按提出问题 分析问题 解决问题的逻辑顺序来安排层次 二 掌握阅读技巧1 分析文章结构 阅读议论文我们要抓住论题 抓住作者提出的观点 给出的例证及最后得出的结论 抓住了论题 抓住了观点 我们就把握了中心 再结合作为论据的诸多事例和理由 以及它们与观点或结论之间的内在联系 我们就能理解文章的结构 议论文通常使用 总 分 总 结构 也有议论文使用 分 总 或 总 分 结构 2 抓每段中心句 阅读议论文的关键是 抓论题 抓观点 而作者提出论题或观点多在文首或文尾 段首或段尾 这些都是阅读的重点部分 它能够帮助我们清晰理解作者的观点 3 议论文常设的考点 主旨大意 mainidea 作者观点 态度 opinion attitude 写作技巧分析 writingtechnique 如写作顺序 运用修辞 推理判断 inference 等 1 whatisthedefinitionof happiness isitmaterialwealthfilledwithfancycars adreamhouseandjewelry ordoeshappinesssimplymeanhavingaroofoveryourhead foodinthefridge havingaswimmingpool adesignerguccibag love money aperfectjob doyourecallatime let ssaywhenyouwereabout5yearsold whatdefinedhappinessbackthen butthen yougotaperfectjob couldyoubehappy 1 theauthorputsforwardalotofquestionsto askreadersforinformationb compareanswersfromreadersc expectpositiveanswersfromreadersd drawreaders attentiontothetopic 1 d写作技巧分析题 作者在第一 二段提出了大量问题 目的是让读者思考幸福的定义 从而引入主题 展开论述 welikehavingandaccumulatingthings weworksowecanpayourrents creditcarddebts schoolloans carpayments thelistgoesonandon andatsomepoint werealizethatapartfromhavingmostofwhatwewant westillaren thappy nowsincewe velearnedtoadapttonewstandardswhichwe vecreatedforourselves wefindthatwehavelesstime lesspatience lesssleep whichleadstomorestressandmoreanxiety therefore don tstupidlymakeaconclusionthathappinessisjustbasedon things sometimes wetradeourlivesfornotonlybasicnecessities butforexcessiveitemsandservicesaswell certainlyyou veheardofindividualstryingto findthemselves orto rediscoverthemselves butthepointhasbeenmissed happinessisalreadythere 2 itcanbeinferredfrompara 3that a accumulatingthingsisnotagoodhabitb pressureandworryshouldberiddedofc peoplehavetoworkhardtopayfordailynecessitiesd somearen tsatisfiedwithwhattheyhavepossessed 2 d推理判断题 根据第三段第4句可得出 我们突然会意识到 尽管拥有了想要的一切 我们仍然不幸福 结合第三段第1句 知道 人们喜欢拥有和积累东西 因此推断人们感到不幸福是因为他们不满足于自己拥有的东西 选项a b在文中没有提及 选项c在第三段第2 3句直接提及 不符合推理判断题的解题要求 disappointmentsandtragediesinlifewillcomeandgo buthappinessneverleavesyou wecanloseourjobs butbegratefulforthosewholoveus wecanloseourhomestonature butbethankfultobealive ifwethinkwearehappy weareindeedhappy happinessismerelyaperceptionofeachindividual 3 individualstryingto rediscoverthemselves failtorealizethat a theyhaven tgotlostinthemateriallifeb eachindividualhasdifferentopinionsonhappinessc therehasexistedsomethingworthmakingthemhappyd it snotnecessaryforthemtobearheavyfinancialburden 3 c细节理解题 在第四段最后一句可以找到答案 该句的意思是 但是他们忽略了一点 幸福从头到尾都在身边 4 a细节理解题 第五段强调的观点是 我们可以失去工作 但会为拥有爱自己的人而感恩不已 我们可以流离失所 但会为活着而心存感激 如果我们认为我们快乐 我们便是快乐的 幸福是个人的一种感知 因此 只要我们想到生活中的积极面 我们就可以感到快乐 因此选a 4 peoplewillfeelhappyif a theythinkofthepositiveaspectsoflifeb theyseekexcessiveitemsandservicesc theyhavenodisappointmentsinlifed theycangetapuppyforchristmasintheirchildhood happinessispartoflove andloveisanocean godiveinandgetsome andthenshareitwitheveryone whichcanbeanendlesssupply butsharinghappinesswithpeoplearounddemandsskilfultechniques 5 theparagraphfollowingthelastwillprobablytalkabout thedefinitionofhappinessb howtosharehappinesswithothersc thewaystorediscoverhappinessd wheretoseekhappinessinourdailylife 5 b结构分析题 根据最后一段的最后一句可得知 接下来将会提及skilfultechniquestosharehappiness 因此选b happinessispartoflove andloveisanocean godiveinandgetsome andthenshareitwitheveryone whichcanbeanendlesssupply butsharinghappinesswithpeoplearounddemandsskilfultechniques greatbooksarepopular theyarenotwrittenbyspecialistsaboutspecialtiesforspecialists whethertheyarephilosophyorscienceorhistoryorpoetry theyarewrittenformen notprofessors toreadatextbookforadvancedstudents youhavetoreadanelementarytextbookfirst butthegreatbookscanbeconsideredelementaryinthesensethattheytreattheelementsofanysubjectmatter inwhichcaseeveryonewholikestoreaditisabletounderstandit 2 1 theunderlinedsentenceinpara3probablymeansthatgreatbooks a shouldbepopularasbestsellersb shouldaimatadvancedstudentsc arenotnecessarilywrittenbyspecialistsd arenotmeantforspecialistsbutcommonpeople 1 d句意理解题 popular在此表示 大众的 划线部分句子表示好书并不是一个专家为另一个专家而写的 暗含的意思是 好书应该是大众都能够读懂的书 而并不是为某些人所独享的 第三段主要阐述这个观点 选项a与第二段不符 选项b与第三段不符 选项c表述不全面 greatbooksarethemostreadable theywillnotletyoudownifyoutrytoreadthemwell theyhavemoreideasperpage theycanbereadatmanydifferentlevelsofunderstanding aswellaswithagreatdiversityofinterpretations thatiswhyyoucanreadagreatbookoverandoveragainandneverexhaustitscontents obviousexamplesaregulliver stravels robinsoncrusoeandtheodyssey childrencanreadthemwithenjoyment butfailtofindthebeautyandsignificancewhichdelightanadultmind 2 whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue a greatbookstrytocontrolhumanthought b keplerneverexpectedhisworktobeaclassic c childrenandadultsappreciategreatbooksdifferently d peoplenowadaysdon thaveenoughtimetoreadgreatbooks 2 c细节理解题 通过第四段第4句和最后一句可推断得出 不同的人对伟大的作品都有不同的见解 选项a d在文中没有提及 选项b与第三段第3句不符 greatbooksarethemostreadable theywillnotletyoudownifyoutrytoreadthemwell theyhavemoreideasperpage theycanbereadatmanydifferentlevelsofunderstanding aswellaswithagreatdiversityofinterpretations thatiswhyyoucanreadagreatbookoverandoveragainandneverexhaustitscontents obviousexamplesaregulliver stravels robinsoncrusoeandtheodyssey childrencanreadthemwithenjoyment butfailtofindthebeautyandsignificancewhichdelightanadultmind 3 greatbookscanbereadagainandagainbecause a theycaterforpeopleofalllevelsb theycaninspiredifferentunderstandingsc ittakestimetoaccumulateultimateaudienced theycontainwhatcannotbefoundinotherbooks 3 b细节理解题 根据第四段第4 5句可得知 在做该类题时 要根据题目关键词 bereadagainandagain 搜索答案所在文段 第四段 选项a c d分别用于论证第三 二 五段的论点 greatbooksarethemostreadable childrencanreadthemwithenjoyment butfailtofindthebeautyandsignificancewhichdelightanadultmind itisalmostunnecessarytoaddthatthe