高考英语 语篇“语法填空”的解题策略与强化训练.doc

语篇“语法填空”的解题策略与强化训练语法填空是从语法角度对短文进行适当的分散挖空，考查方式分为提示词填空和不提示词填空。其目的是考查学生理解语篇的能力、分析句子结构的能力及熟练运用语法的能力。在对题目进行作答之前，要先对题干进行详细阅读，检查题目中是否有提示词语存在，而后判断出所填词语在句子中所充当的句子成分，最后根据其所充当的句子成分，加之其所处句子的时态和语态等，选择词语的正确形式。例如，动词的现在分词或者过去分词，或者形容词的比较或者最高级的使用等。 在句子中没有提示词或者标志词存在时，则要根据句子中所填词语的位置，判断所填词语的词性，例如，连接词、定冠词或者不定冠词、代词或者介词等。定冠词以及不定冠词的位置通常在名词之前，起到对名词进行限制的作用。而代词分成形容词性以及名词性代词、指示或者不定代词等。在运用介词的时候，往往考查固定搭配，其中包括动词、形容词等与介词的搭配。一、语法填空题的解题步骤 语法填空题的解题步骤可分为三步走：1、浏览全文，把握语篇。至于具体空格上填写什么词，只有在了解全文大意后，从语篇着手，并联系上下文，可根据自己掌握的语法知识、词汇知识、生活常识、固定词组及配和句型搭配等基础知识。2、边读边填，先易后难。语法填空在设题方面分为提示词填空和不提示词填空，也称自由填空类和提示性填空类：自由填空类其考查的语言项目主要有：行文逻辑、连词、介词、关系代词等。在平时训练及复习这些语法要点的时候，考生可采取自由填空的练习方式进行训练；提示性填空类其考查的语言项目主要有：动词时态和语态、非谓语动词、形容词、副词、名词、冠词等。3、验证复查，修改答案。根据语篇进行填空后，必须逐一进行复核检查，修改答案，消除隐患，排除疑点，直到自己满意为止。 语法填空的题目虽然难度相对较大，考查范围相对较广，考生失分现象较为严重，但是只要考生能够清楚地了解这类题目语法的命题特点和命题规律，掌握答题的技巧，在备考的过程中有针对性地多加练习，熟练语法的运用，及时对经验进行总结，加强在语篇情境下应用能力，在考试中就能提高对语法填空的的准确率，取得较好的成绩。二、语法填空强化训练passage 1jack: hi, jenny. is it true youre moving to london?jenny: yes, it is.jack: what made you _1_（decide） to do that?jenny: work, mainly. im sure ill be able to find a good job there.jack: youre probably right. but where are you going to live?jenny: i hope ill find a flat to share _2_ somebodythat way it will be _3_(cheap).jack: yes, thats a good idea. are you taking your dog with you?jenny: no, i dont think so. my parents_4_( offer)to take care of him, and i dont think hed be happy in the city.jack: youre probably right. but arent you afraid of moving to such a big place, _5_ after living in a small village?jenny: not really. i think ill enjoy _6_myself. theres so much to do there. i expect i wont miss _7_ countryside much and i _8_ always come back and visit.jack: well, i just hope you_9_(invite) me to stay _10_ you get settled!jenny: of course i will.【语篇导读】 这是一篇关于詹妮要去伦敦的一段对话。她在伦敦能找到一份更好的工作，打算和别人分享一套住房。不带他的狗去，因为他父母要照顾她的狗。他离开农村到大城市生活会很开心，不会十分想念乡下，可以常回那里看看。【答案与解析】【答案】decide【命题立意】考查非谓语动词。【解题思路】根据使役动词make 后面接不带to的动词不定式。 【答案】with【命题立意】考查介词。【解题思路】根据语境和句意 share sth with sb. 为固定搭配。【答案】cheaper【命题立意】考查形容词。【解题思路】根据句意和语境“和别人分享一套房”会更便宜。【答案】have offered【命题立意】考查时态。【解题思路】根据上下文，父母已经主动要照顾她的狗。【答案】especially 【命题立意】考查副词。【解题思路】根据上下文，尤其是离开小村庄以后合乎情理。【答案】myself【命题立意】考查代词。【解题思路】enjoy oneself （= have a good time）是固定搭配。【答案】the【命题立意】考查冠词。【解题思路】countryside前面用定冠词。【答案】can 【命题立意】考查情态动词。【解题思路】根据上下文何句意，我想我不会很想念那乡下的，我能常回去看看。【答案】will invite【命题立意】考查时态。【解题思路】根据前面的i hope（我希望），宾语从句应用一般将来时态。【答案】when【命题立意】考查连词【解题思路】根据上下文可知“我希望当你安顿好的时候邀请我”。passage 2 alice: mr. black, this is alice speaking. im calling to ask you 1 i can take the afternoon off today.black: well, of course. 2 can you tell me what the problem is, alice？alice: ok, mr. black. my son is going to take part in a singing 3 (compete) to be held in washington tomorrow. hes got so many things to take that he cant go there 4 .black: so you want to take 5 there in your minibus？alice: yes. and as soon as i put him up in the hotel, i 6 (drive) back.black: well, that would be 7 too tiring journey. its nearly 300 kilometers away and it will take you at least six hours 8 (travel) to and from washington. why dont you stay there until you have seen your son perform？alice: but i have two 9 tomorrow morning.black: dont worry. ill tell mary to take your classes 10 . shes always willing to help.alice: thatll be nice. thank you and give my thanks to mary.black: youre welcome.【语篇导读】这是一篇有关老师请假的对话。因为儿子要去华盛顿参加歌唱比赛，老师爱丽丝不得已而向布莱克先生请假，没想到，布莱克非常通情达理，不仅准假，而且要她送儿子去后多陪陪儿子，看看儿子的表演。【答案与解析】1. 【答案】 if/whether考查连词。根据布莱克先生的回答语well, of course.分析，爱丽丝是打电话询问布莱克先生是否能准她一下午的假。故填入if引导的宾语从句，表示“是否”，也可用whether。2. 【答案】but【命题立意】考查并列连词。【解题思路】布莱克先生同意了爱丽丝的请假，但接下来又问can you tell me what the problem is, alice？显然，前后存在转折关系，故用表示转折关系的并列连词but，且单词的首字母必须大写。3. 【答案】competition【命题立意】考查名词。【解题思路】根据前面的限定词singing和后面的限制性动词不定式分析，此空该用名词形式，故填入动词compete的名词形式competition，意为“比赛”，符合语境。4. 【答案】alone【命题立意】考查副词。【解题思路】根据下文爱丽丝肯定的回答布莱克先生的问话so you want to take there in your minibus？即可分析，爱丽丝的儿子不能独自带这么多东西去华盛顿参加比赛，故填入作状语的副词alone。5. 【答案】him【命题立意】考查人称代词。【解题思路】根据上文的关键信息词hes got so many thingshe cant go和下文的肯定回答yes即可分析，此处该填入指代爱丽丝儿子的人称代词he。6. 【答案】will drive【命题立意】考查时态。【解题思路】由上文as soon as i put him up in the hotel即可分析，该句是as soon as引导的时间状语从句，从句一般现在时表示将来，而主句则用将来时态。故填入will drive。7. 【答案】a【命题立意】考查不定冠词。【解题思路】根据下文的中心名词journey即可分析，此句表示：那会是一次太枯燥乏味的旅行啊。故用不定冠词a。8. 【答案】to travel【命题立意】考查动词不定式。【解题思路】由前面的it will take you at least six hours即可分析，此处使用的是it takes sb. some time to do sth句式结构，句中的it是形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式短语。故填入所给词的动词不定式to travel。9. 【答案】classes【命题立意】考查名词复数。【解题思路】根据语境和上文的限定词two即可分析，此处该用class的复数形式classes。10. 【答案】instead【命题立意】考查副词。【解题思路】根据语境分析，此句句意：我会请玛丽为你代课的。故用副词instead，意为“取代；代替”。passage 3hotel clerk: hi, can i help you?man: yes, id like a room 1 the night, please. the sign outside says you have vacancies(空房). hotel clerk: yes, 2 only a couple. i guess nobody wants to drive in such 3 (storm) weather.man: i surely dont. how much are the rooms?hotel clerk: they are $50 a 4 .man: thats fine. hotel clerk: i can give you room 14. it is right beside the coffee shop. i just need 5 to sign the register.man: there you go. i am 6 (awful) hungry. is the coffee shop still open?hotel clerk: yes, it is 7 until nine oclock. if you want anything after that, there are a couple of machines 8 (sell) soft drinks, chocolate barsthings like that.man: thank you. by the way, is there a television in the 9 ?hotel clerk: yes, weve got cable(光缆)tv. man: oh, thats great.hotel clerk: well, here is your key. 10 you need anything else, more towels or anything, please call me, for the office is open until midnight. man: ok. thanks again. 【语篇导读】这是一篇有关宾馆住宿的对话。因为暴雨，男士需要留宿有空房的宾馆，但宾馆服务人员说，只有双人间，还可以提供餐食等服务。【答案与解析】1. 【答案】for【命题立意】考查介词。【解题思路】for与上下文构成a room for the night搭配，介词for即含有“为（提供）准备”之意，符合语境。2. 【答案】 but【命题立意】考查并列连词。【解题思路】根据yes的回答语，即“有空房”，结合only a couple.分析，此处表示转折关系，故填入but。3. 【答案】stormy【命题立意】考查形容词。【解题思路】根据下文的名词weather即可分析，此空该是形容词，故填入名词storm的形容词stormy。4. 【答案】night【命题立意】考查名词。【解题思路】根据上文的a room for the night即可分析，此处询问的是“每晚”多少钱。故用night。5. 【答案】you【命题立意】考查代词。【解题思路】根据语篇和上文的i can give you room 14即可分析，此处该须 you来签名登记。6. 【答案】awfully【命题立意】考查副词。【解题思路】根据上下文i amhungry即可分析，此空该填入相应的副词awfully来修饰形容词hungry。7. 【答案】open【命题立意】考查形容词。【解题思路】根据上文的is the coffee shop still open?即可分析，此处该填入形容词open。8. 【答案】 selling/that(which) sell【命题立意】考查现在分词或定语从句。【解题思路】根据there are a couple of machines即可分析，该句谓语动词已存在，缺少的即为非谓语动词或相关部分，machines与所给的动词sell之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，故填入现在分词selling，相当于that或which引导的定语从句，则该动词sell在定语从句中用其原形与先行词machines保持一致。9. 【答案】room【命题立意】考查名词。【解题思路】根据上文语境分析，既然宾馆服务员给了房间钥匙，则房客会问“房间”有没有电视，故该表示为is there a television in the room?10. 【答案】if【命题立意】考查连词。【解题思路】根据句中表述的you need anything else, more towels or anything以及please call me等关键信息分析，此句含有条件意味。故用if引导，但该单词的首字母必须大写。 passage 4officer: now could you tell me your 1 , please?jenny: yes, officer, its jenny. officer: and could i have your address too, please?jenny: yes, 2 . its fourth avenue. officer: so, could you tell me 3 (exact) what you saw about the incident?jenny: yes, well, i was just coming out of the supermarket exit, when all of a sudden i heard this cry, and when i turned around to see 4 it was, i saw this man sort of tugging(拽拉) at this womans handbag, and she 5 (hit) him with her free hand. then he pushed her and 6 fell to the ground. he then ran off down the street and round the comer. officer: i see. and could you describe the man for me?jenny: well, let me see. he was medium height, about thirty. it all happened so quickly 7 its hard to remember. officer: do please try, it could be very important in 8 (help) us to catch him. jenny: oh yes. i do remember something else. he was wearing a yellow jacket, you know, and jeans, blue jeans. officer: 9 you notice the color of his hair by any chance?jenny: oh, dark hair, i should say. yes, dark brown. and thats 10 i can remember, im afraid, and it was very wavy. officer: thank you very much, jenny. youve been very helpful. 【语篇导读】这是一篇有关警察询问目击证人的对话。警察在询问一起抢劫案的目击证人：珍妮看见一名男士拖拽一位妇女的提包，女士拼命护包抓打嫌疑犯，但该嫌疑犯推到女士，使其摔倒，然后沿街道消失在拐角处。【答案与解析】1. 【答案】name【命题立意】考查名词。【解题思路】根据下文的回答officer