高三英语一轮复习 名词性从句同步导学案.doc

名词性从句一轮复习同步导学案 【学习目标】：掌握名词性从句引导词的用法，并能判断出主语从句这一类型的从句。名词性从句定义：在句子中起_作用的句子叫名词性从句。名词性从句分四类：_ _ _ _【名词性从句的引导词】1.从属连词：that, whether/if, as if/as though, because, 其中that, whether/if, 在从句中不担任成分，只起到引导从句的功能。that 没有实际意义。if (whether), 意思为 “是否”。i dont care about _ you have money or not.the problem is _ tom is able to arrive on time._ the meeting will be held here is not decided yet. it looks _ it is going to rain.the truth is _he didnt come for the concert._ the earth is round is true.易混点whether与if区别二者都可以作“是否”讲，能引导名词性从句，都不能省略。1. ）在及物动词后引导宾语从句时可以互换；注意：在某些动词后（如:discuss）只能接whether，不能跟if。如：we discussed whether we should close the shop.2. ）引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句时都用whether，不用if。如：the question whether he should come himself or send another man hasnt been decided.whether he will win is all the same to me.the question is whether you can go there yourself.如果用形式主语，if和whether都可以it is unknown whetherif she is ill.3. ）如果whether后紧跟or not，不用换做if；若whether与or not分开使用，则可以换作if。如：i wonder whether or not he has arrived at the destination.i dont know whetherif i can come or not.4.）若宾语从句为否定结构，则多用if，而不用whether。如：i dont care if he doesnt show up.（在乎，炫耀）5.）在介词后引导宾语从句或与带to的动词不定式结合而构成不定式的复合结构时，只能用whether，而不用if。如：i havent settled the question of whether i will go back home.she doesnt know whether to get married now or wait.2、连接代词：连接代词指既具有代词的特点，同时又能够引导从句的词。主要有what, whatever, who, whoever, whose, whom, whomever, which, whichever。有词义，在从句中担任成分，如主语、表语、宾语、或定语等,不能省略。i dont believe _ he has achieved so far._ breaks the law should be punished._ he said encouraged me greatly. what worried us most is_ let out the secret. 3、连接副词：连接副词指既具有副词的特点，同时又能够引导从句的词。主要有when, where, why, how, whenever, wherever有词义，在从句中担任成分，作状语。_ we will hand in the project will be discussed later.parents are thought to understand _ important education is to their childrens future.the reason _ he was absent was that he was ill.this is_ the accident happened.【判断】下列各句哪句含有名词性从句，并指出是什么从句：1. china is no longer what it used to be.2. the truth that the earth turn around the sun is known to all.3. it was snowing when he arrived at the station.4. how he persuaded the manager to change the plan is interesting to us all.5. the news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.6. the news that you told me yesterday was really disappointing.7. that is where lu xun used to live.8. he spoke as if he understood what he was talking about.9. do you remember the teacher who taught us english at middle school?10. i wonder why she refused my invitation.主语从句1、主语从句在复合句作主语。引导主语从句的引导词如下：who，that，which，what，when，where，how，whether，why，whoever，whichever，whatever等。e.g. who will go is not important. when they will come hasnt been made public.他们来的时间没有公布。2、用it作形式主语，主语从句放在句末。e.g. it doesnt matter so much whether you will come or not. it worried her a bit that her hair was turning gray.她的头发正在变白，这使她很不安。 it is a pity that you missed such a good chance.3、that引导主语从句时，不能省略。e.g. that he suddenly fell ill last week made us surprised.4. whoever，whatever，whichever引导的主语从句(1)whoever相当于anyone who，表明泛指关系，表示 “任何的人都，凡是的人都”。 whoever comes will be welcome.谁来都是受欢迎的。(2)whatever相当于anything that，表示“无论什么”。 whatever was said here must be kept secret. 在这里所说的一切都要保密。(3)whichever意为“无论哪个，无论哪些”。既可指人，也 可指物；既可单独使用，也可修饰名词，也可以跟of短语连用。 whichever of us fulfils his task first will lend a hand to others. 无论我们中哪一个先完成了任务都将帮助其他人。 whichever book you choose doesnt matter to me. 你选哪本书不关我的事。5. what与that引导主语从句的区别 what引导主语从句时，表示“所的(东西)”，并且在从句中充当句子成分；而that作为从属连词，引导主语从句时，其本身没有实际意义，不充当句子成分，不可省略。what she was afraid of was their taking her daughter abroad. 她害怕的是他们带她女儿出国。 that he will refuse the offer is unlikely. 他不可能拒绝这个报价。 it is reported that three people were killed in the accident. 据报道，三个人在这次事故中死亡。例题： some people regard as a drawback is seen as a plus by many others.a. whether b. what c. that d. how例题： it is by no means clear the president can do to end the strike.a. how b. which c. that d. what任务：找出10个主语从句的例子。英语语法专题-名词性从句 同步导学案 (2) 学习目标：第二部分学案主要解决表语从句，宾语从句，同位语从句的判断。表语从句1.可接表语从句的连系动词可接表语从句的连系动词有be, look, seem, sound, appear等。 china is no longer what she used to be. 今日的中国不再是过去的中国了。 the question remains whether they will be able to help us. 问题还是他们能否帮我们。 it appears that he has a taste for music.看来他对音乐有一定的鉴赏力.at that time, it seemed as if i couldnt think of the right word anyhow. 当时，我似乎怎么也想不出一个恰当的字眼来。the question was who could go there.my idea is that we can get more comrades to help in the work.2.从引导词角度学习表语从句 that 引导的表语从句the fact is that we should depend on ourselves.事实是我们必须依靠自己。 如果主语是 suggestion, advice, order, command 这类建议，要求，命令的名词，表语从句的的谓语动词用“should+动词原形”，should 可以省略。my advice is that you (should)think it over before you make a decision. 我的建议就是你做出决定之前仔细考虑一下。whether 引导的表语从句the point is that whether we should lend him the money.翻译_wh-类连接词引导的表语从句自己总结连接代词what, whatever, who, whoever, whose, whom, whomever, which, whichever。连接副词when, where, why, how, whenever, wherever相关句子。例如：the question is however we can do the work better.问题是我们究竟如何才能够把这项工作做得更好。as as if/as though 引导的表语从句此类表语从句连系动词有be, look, seem, sound, appear。he looked just as he had looked ten years before.他看起来还与十年前一样。it sounds as if someone is knocking at the door.听上去好像有人在敲门。because 引导的表语从句that is because he didnt understand me. 那时因为他不理解我。宾语从句.宾语从句：在复合句中作主句的宾语。 引导词有连词that , whether, if; who, whom, whose, what ,which; when ,where, how, why 等。在谓语动词、介词、动词不定式、分词、动名词之后都可以带有宾语从句。某些形容词如sure, happy, glad, certain, pleased 等之后也可以带有宾语从句。如:(1) v + 宾语从句，即“动宾”：we believe that he is honest. i asked if they had a cheap suit. can you tell me which dictionary is hers? i really dont know what he is doing. 例1- dont you believe me? - _, i will believe _ you say.a. no; whatever b. yes; no matter what c. no; no matter what d. yes; whatever例2“what did your parents think about your decision?” “they always let me do _ i think i should.” a. when b. that c. how d. what(2) prep + 宾语从句，即“介宾”：hes pleased with what we did yesterday. pay attention to what the teacher said.例3 i wish to have a friend with _ shares my hobbies and interests.a. whomever b. no matter who c. whoever d. anyone例4 mary wrote an article on _ the team had failed to win the game. a. why b. what c. who d. that (3) adj + 宾语从句，即“形宾”： that 引导的名词性从句还可以用在一些形容词后面。这种句型一般都用人作主语，所用的形容词都是表示思想状况或感情色彩的形容词，如certain, sure, positive, afraid, convinced, anxious, disappointed, worried, glad, happy, sorry, amazed, surprised, aware, doubtful, confident等等。i am sure/certain that hes at home now.我肯定他现在在家。he remains confident that he will win. 他仍然自信他会赢。she is aware that i cant help her. 她知道我帮不了她的忙。i am glad that youve come. 你来了我很高兴。im sure that my brother will love the jacket. / i am glad that you can come and help me.不能误将”it + be + adj + that” 的主语从句当成宾语从句.如：it is necessary that we should learn english well.例4 exercises:i asked her _ she had a bike._ we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather.were worried about _ he is safe.i dont know _ he is well or not.i dont know _ or not he is well.the question is _ he should do it.the doctor can hardly answer the question _ the old man will recover soon.（1）如果宾语从句是由that 引导，and或but连接的两个或两个以上的并列的宾语从句, 那么只有第一个that可以省略，第二个或第二个以后的that不能省略.he said ( that ) the text was very difficult and that we had to work hard at it.my desk mate told me (that ) he watched a football match last night, but that it was very discouraging.如果宾语从句后还有宾语补足语，就用it作形式宾语，将宾语从句后置，并且that不可以省略.he has made it clear that he will win the game.i find it necessary that we should learn english well.we find it necessary that we practice spoken english every day.(2) 表示“建议，命令，要求”的宾语从句，如advise, suggest, order, request, require, demand 等，从句用虚拟语气，即should+动词原形,should可省略。(3) 在“主语+ believe/think/suppose/know/expect”的结构中，其否定形式要用否定转移，即主句否定，从句肯定。i dont think he will come.i dont think ill trouble you again.i dont expect that they will get married soon.(4) 宾语从句的时态呼应：a. 如果主句时态是一般现在时或将来时,从句谓语可根据句意需要而选用任一种时态.他相信他的梦想总有一天会实现的. he believes _ .b .请告诉我你昨天这个时候在干什么. please tell me _.c. 如果主句谓语是一般过去时,从句谓语动词一般用过去的某种时态,但如果从句表达的是客观事实、真理、自然规律等时，从句谓语通常用一般现在时。他告诉我他正在为考试做准备. he told me _.他说他已离开家乡十年了。 he told me _.老师告诉我们光是沿直线运行的. the teacher told us _.例5exercises:（1）do you see _ i mean?a. that b./ c. how d. what（2）tell me_ is on your mind.a. that b. what c. which d. why（3）we must stick to _ we have agreed on.a. what b. that c. / d. how（4）let me see _.a. that can i repair the radio b. whether i can repair the radioc. i can repair the radio d. whether can i repair the radio(5)keep in mind _.a. that the teacher said b. what did the teacher sayc. that did the teacher say d. what the teacher said同位语从句同位语从句在句中作某一名词的同位语，一般位于该名词（如：news, fact, idea, suggestion, promise等）之后，说明该名词的具体内容。e.g. i have no idea when he will be back.the fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody.同位语从句中that引导词与定语从句中 that区别the father made a promise that he will buy his son a new car.同位语从句the father broke his promise (that) he made last week. 定语从句跟同位语从句的名词(只是作为辅助方法判断同位语从句，不是主要依据。)advice belief, doubt, explanation, fact, fear, feeling, hope,idea, news, opinion, order, possibility, promise, problem, probabilityquestion, reply, report, suggestion, thought, truth, wish, warning判断同位语从句的主要依据：（假设法）假设that 引导的为定语从句，看that 在从句中是否担当成份，如：he father broke his promise (that) he made last week. 定语从句 that 担当了made的宾语，即made his promise,所以本句为定语从句，否则如the father made a promise that he will buy his son a new car.同位语从句，that不担当从句的成份，所以不是定语从句，为同位语从句。the father made a promise that he will buy his son a new car.同位语从句the father broke his promise (that) he made last week. 定语从句本节任务：宾语从句，表语从句和同位语从句各找出5个例子。自主学习 完成下列题目15. the film brought the hours back to me _ i was taken good care of in that far-away village. a. until b. that c. when d. where16. news came from the school office _ wang lin had been admitted to beijing university. a. which b. what c. that d. where17. is there any possibility _ you could pick me up at the airport? no problem. 19. one reason for her preference for city life is _ she can have easy access to places like shops and restaurants. a. that b. how c. what d. why20. the news _（房价将要下跌）has caused many people to sell their houses at lower prices. (fall) 高三英语语法专题-名词性从句 同步导学案 (3) 学习目标：第三部分学案主要解决名词性从句的疑难点。热点一语序与时态：想一想：名词性从句中的语序要注意什么问题？1. no one can be sure _in a million years. a. what man will look like b. what will man look like c. man will look like what d. what look will man like 2. someone is ringing the doorbell. go and see _. a .who he is b who he is c who is it d who it is 小结1：不管主句是肯定句、否定句还是疑问句,名词性从句总是使用_.疑点：mum is coming .what present do you expect _for your birthday?a. that she has got b. that has she got c. she has got d. has she got 思考：句中出现插入语时，语序该怎么办？疑点观察、总结与拓展：4. what do you think we should do to solve the problem of air pollution in cities?5. where do you suppose he can be?小结2：以上句子体现了何种句式结构？_小试牛刀：6. rose looks worried. what do you think _(她该怎么办)? exception :7he went up to see _ with her. a what was the matter b what is the matter c what the matter was d what the matter is 思考：1. 语序？ 2时态？能力激活2：想一想： 宾语从句中的时态应如何与主句时态保持相应的一致？1.the police found that the house _ and a lot ofthings _ ahas broken into; has been stolen bhad broken into; had been stolenchas been broken into; stolen dhad been broken into; stolen 2.we were all surprised when he made it clear that he _ office soon a. leaves b. would leave c left d had left 小结1: 主句是过去时态时，宾语从句用_. 但如果表达真理性的，则用现在时。3. i dont know when_, but if he _, ill let you know. a. he comes , will come b he will come , will come c he will come, comes d he comes, comes 观察与比较：im not sure if he will come ,but if he comes ,ill let you know .小结2：主句是现在时态，宾语从句用_.感悟疑点 :he has come, but i didnt know that he _ until yesterday. a is coming b will come c was coming d wasnt coming热点二连接词的选择能力激活3观察与思考：that与what 的用法有什么不同？1.what you need is more practice .2.that he needed a lot of money made us surprised.3.energy is what makes things work.4.china is no longer what it used to be .5.what impressed me most was that he was always patient with children.6. he told me (that ) she was ill and that her mother wouldnt let her go.7. word came that our team won the game .归纳：1that和what都可以引导名词性从句。2what是连接代词，引导名词性从句，在从句中有_，必须担任_,不能_.3that是连接词，本身无_，仅起_作用，不在从句中担任_；引导宾语从句时可以省略，但引导多个宾语从句时，只有第 _个that 可以省略。在引导主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句时that一般_。感悟疑点：1. after yang liwei succeeded in circling the earth, _ our astronauts desire to do is walking in space. a where b what c that d how 2. they lost their way in the forest, and _ made matters worse was that night began to fall. a. that b it c what d which 3. _ no one likes his ideas is not strange at all. a. what b how c when d that4. _ made the school proud was _ more than 90% of the students had been admitted to key university. a. what; because b what; that c that; what d that; because 5. word has came _some american guests will come for a visit. a. what b. that c. whether d. when 6. he told us _ his father had died and _ he had to live alone. a that, / b /, that c what,/ d / , what test : 1. he often thinks of _ he can do for his country. 2. he often thinks of _ he can do more for his country. a. what b how c that d which 3.one of the men held the view _ the book said was right. a that b what that c that what d whether 4.(?) im not sure that when he will be back.能力激活4观察与思考：在名词性从句中whever与 wh-有什么异同？1.whoever breaks the law should be published .2.whatever was said here must be kept secret .3.ill give you whatever you want .4.ill give you what you want .小结1: wh-ever 与wh- 引导的名词性从句在语法结构上_,在意义上_，有“_”的意思。 体会例题1. it is a rule in his family that_ comes home earlier should cook the dinner for the family.a. anybody b. who c. who that d. whoever 2. i think the doctor is able to care for_ is the matter with your son. a. all b. what c. whatever d. anything 3. the wild flowers are so special i would do _ i can to save them. a. whatever b. that c. which d. whichever观察、体会与思考：以下从句都是什么从句1.whoever breaks the law should be punished .2.whoever breaks the law , he should be punished .3._ breaks the law , he should be punished .4.(?)who breaks the law should be punished .5.(?)anyone breaks the law should be punished .小结2 ：whever既可以引导_从句，又可以引导_从句引导名词性从句时相当于名词定语从句；引导让步状语从句时相当于_.能力激活5观察、体会与总结：1. whether well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. 2. her ability has never been in doubt - the question is whether he is prepared to work hard.3.it depends on whether we will have enough money.5 .it doesnt t matter whether he s come back or not.？小结：名词性从句只用 whether的几种情况：1.主语从句置于_.2.引导_从句时，不用 if.3.做_的宾语从句时 4.与_和_连用时.热点三：几点特殊用法能力激活6思考: 想一想it在名词性从句中起到什么作用？1. _ is reported that he will return to his hometown soon. a what b it c as d that 2. i made _ clear that i was determined to carry out the plan. a this b that c them d it小结1:.在名词性从句中，当主语从句置后时，要使用_.2.在如果宾语从句后边还有宾语补足语，则用it作_而将宾语从句放于句末.3. i hate_ when people talk with their mouths full. (nmet 98 )a it b that c these d them 4.