高考英语 热点题型和提分秘籍 专题11 状语从句（含解析）.doc

专题11 状语从句【高频考点解读】状语从句有时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、比较和让步状语从句，共9种，是每年必考的语法项目，主要考查连词的判断选用，主句与从句谓语动词的时态运用。其中，以对时间状语从句、条件状语从句、让步状语从句和结果状语从句的考查最为频繁。近几年，重点考查的连词有：when，while，as，before，unless，however等。近三年，高考有考查状语从句、宾语从句、名词性从句交叉运用的题型出现。【热点题型】题型一 地点状语从句例1、if you happen to get lost in the wild，youd better stay _ you are and wait for help. awhy bwhere cwho dwhat 【易错剖析】本题容易误选c或d。把从句分析成了宾语从句，认为从句中缺少表语,所以用what或who，这样的话,句子的意义就讲不通了。 【提分秘籍】 1引导地点状语从句的从属连词where，wherever指具体地点时，从句可用于主句之前或之后；表示抽象条件的含义时，从句须放在主句之前。如： we should go where the party needs us most. 我们应到党最需要我们的地方去。 the little girl who got lost decided to remain where she was and waited for her mother. 那个迷路的小女孩决定待在原地等她母亲。 keep in touch with your family members wherever you are in the world. 不管你在世界上的什么地方，都要跟家人保持联系。 2地点状语从句在句首时常兼有抽象条件意味。 where there is a will，there is a way.有志者，事竟成。 wherever there is smoke，there is a fire. 无火不生烟。(无风不起浪。) 3注意区分where引导的定语从句与状语从句： 你最好在有问题的地方做一下标记。 youd better make a mark where you have any questions.(状语从句) youd better make a mark at the place where you have any questions.(定语从句) 【举一反三】 you should make it a rule to leave things _ you can find them again. awhen bwhere cthen dthere 解析：选b。考查状语从句。状语从句where you can find them again修饰动词短语leave things。句意：把东西放在你能再次找到的地方。故b项正确。 题型二 时间状语从句例2、he smiled politely _ mary apologized for her drunken friends. aas bif cunless dthough 【解析】选a。本题考查状语从句。句意：当玛丽因她醉酒的朋友向他道歉时，他礼貌地微笑着。四个选项均为连词。if“如果”，引导条件状语从句；unless“除非”，引导条件状语从句；though“虽然，尽管”，引导让步状语从句。as可引导时间状语从句，表示主从句动作同时发生或前后紧接着发生，常常译为“(正当)的时候，随着，一边一边”，故只有as符合题意。 【易错剖析】本题容易误选b。把后半句理解成主句的条件状语，忽略了句子的时态是过去时，动作已经发生了。 【提分秘籍】 1when，while和as when引导的从句的谓语动词既可以是延续性动词，也可以是非延续性动词；while引导的从句的谓语动词必须是延续性的，侧重主句动作和从句动作的对比；as引导的从句的谓词动词可以是延续性动词，也可以是非延续性动词，有“随着”之意，多用于主从句动作的同时发生。 when i lived there，i used to go to the seashore on sundays. 我住在那里时，星期天常到海滨去。 please dont talk so loud while others are working. 别人在工作时，请别高声谈话。 he hurried home，looking behind as he went. 他匆匆忙忙回家去，一边走一边回头望。 as time goes on，its getting warmer and warmer. 随着时间的推移，天气变得越来越暖和了。 2as soon as，immediately，directly，the moment，the minute，no sooner.than，hardly/scarcely.when等引导的从句都表示从句的动作一发生，主句的动作随即就发生，常译为”一就”。 the moment i heard the voice，i knew father was coming. 我一听到那个声音，我就知道父亲来了。 no sooner had we arrived at the station than the train left. 我们一到车站，火车就离站了。 the boy burst into tears immediately he saw his mother. 那男孩一见到他妈妈便放声大哭。 3till，until和not(.)until till，until引导时间状语从句时，主句的谓语动词必须是延续性动词，主从句都为肯定式，意为“某动作一直延续到某一时间才停止”。not (.) until引导时间状语从句时，主句的谓语动词必须是非延续性动词，从句为肯定式，意为“直到才”。not(.)until还可以用于强调句和倒装句。 you may stay here until/till the rain stops. 你可以在这里待到雨停。 he wont go to bed till/until she returns. 直到她回来他才睡。 4before和since 若表达“没过就，过了才”之意,须用连词before,句式为“it was/will be时间段before.”；since意为“自从”，句式为“it is/has been时间段since.”。 we had sailed four days and four nights before we saw land. 我们航行了四天四夜才看到陆地。 before i could get in a word，he had measured me. 我还没来得及插话，他就给我量好了尺寸。 it will be half a year before i come back. 还得再过半年我才能回来。 i have written home four times since i came here. 自从我来到这儿，我已经给家里写过四封信了。 it is three years since i smoked a cigar (since i stopped smoking a cigar) 我不吸烟有三年了。 如果译成“我吸烟有三年了”，应为：it is three years since i began to smoke. 5every time，each time，next time，the first time等名词短语引导时间状语从句时，分别表示“每次，下次，第一次”。 every/each time i was in trouble，he would come to help me out. 每当我处于困境的时候，他就会来帮助我。 next time you come，do remember to bring your son here. 下次你来的时候，一定记着把你儿子带到这儿来。 the last time she saw james，he was lying in bed. 上次她看见詹姆斯的时候，他正躺在床上。 【举一反三】 how long is it _you picked up your badminton training? it was not until my finance became better in last december _ i started the training. abefore；when buntil；that cthat；when dsince；that 题型三 让步状语从句和原因状语从句 例3、hot _the night air was, we slept deeply because we were so tired after the long journey. aalthough bas cwhile dhowever 【解析】选b。本题考查as引导的让步状语从句。句意：尽管夜晚空气燥热，我们仍然睡得很沉，因为长途旅行之后我们是那么疲乏。根据句意可知所填词表示“尽管”之意，且引导让步状语从句，由此排除d项；另外，分析句式可以看出，让步状语从句中提前了表语hot，而although，while引导的让步状语从句不倒装，故排除a、c两项；as引导的让步状语从句必须倒装，即将作表语的形容词或名词、修饰动词的副词或情态动词后的动词原形置于句首。 【易错剖析】本题容易误选a或c，没有看清although和while引导让步状语从句时须位 于从句的句首，只有as或though引导让步状语从句才能倒装。 【提分秘籍】.让步状语从句 1连词although/though(尽管，虽然)，while(尽管)，even though/even if(即使)引导让步状语从句。 she is a crazy fan of this singer.even if she listens to his songs hundreds of times，she will never get tired. 她是这位歌星的疯狂粉丝。即使她已经把他的歌听了上百遍，她也从不厌烦。 although the police thought he was the most likely one，since they had no exact proof about it，they could not arrest him.尽管警察认为他是最有可能的一个，由于他们没有确凿的证据，他们就不能拘留他。 while travel can broaden your mind，i dont think its good idea to spend too much time and money on it. 尽管旅游能够增长见识，但是我认为你不应该在这方面花费太多的时间和金钱。 2as引导的让步状语从句多用于书面语，语序要倒装。 difficult as the task was，they managed to finish it in time. 虽然这项任务很难，他们还是设法及时完成了。 much as i like it，i wont buy the expensive car. 尽管我很喜欢这辆车，但我不会买这么贵的车。 3.whether (.or)引导让步状语从句,提供两个或两个以上假设。 whether i go alone or he goes with me,the result will be the same. 我自己走还是他跟我一起走结果都是相同的。 4由whever引导让步状语从句。 whatever happens (may happen)，dont be surprised. no matter what happens (may happen)，dont be surprised.不管发生什么都别吃惊。 .原因状语从句 1引导原因状语从句的从属连词有：because，as，since，now that，seeing that，considering that，每个连词的含义不尽相同。 区别 项目 位置 内涵 语气 能否回答why 能否被强调 because (因为) 主句前或后 直接因果关系 强 能 能 as (由于) 主句前或后 双方都知道的原因 弱 不能 不能 since/now that (既然) 主句前 why are you absent from the meeting? because i am ill. 你为什么开会缺席？ 因为我病了。 as it is raining，we shall not go to the park. 由于在下雨，我们不去公园了。 now that/since everybody is here，lets begin our meeting. 既然大家都在，我们开始开会吧。 2此外，when也可以表示原因，since“既然”；considering that“考虑到”。 it was foolish of you to take a taxi when you could walk there in five minutes. 既然你步行5分钟能到那里，却打的，真够愚蠢的。 【举一反三】 coach，can i continue with the training? sorry，you cant _ you havent recovered from the knee injury. auntil bbefore cas dunless 【易错剖析】审题时粗心大意，很容易误认为是not.until.句型，从而误选成a选项。 题型四 条件状语从句和方式状语从句例4、you can borrow my car _ you promise not to drive too fast. aunless beven if cin case das long as 【解析】选d。考查状语从句。unless除非，如果不。如果用unless，那么句意前后矛盾；even if即使，引导让步状语从句；in case以防，万一，引导目的、条件状语从句；as/so long as只要，引导条件状语从句，符合句意和语境。句意：只要你承诺不开得太快，你就可以借用我的车。 【易错剖析】本题容易误选a。原因是只分析出了这是一个条件状语从句，而没有确切理解句意，从句是个否定句,再用unlessif not，双重否定，就成肯定意义了。 【提分秘籍】 1引导条件状语从句的连词有：if，unless (if.not)(除非)，so (as) long as (只要)，in case (万一)，on condition that (条件是)，supposing (that)(假设)，provided/providing (that)(假如)等。 youll fail the exam unless you study hard (if you dont study hard) 除非你努力学习，否则你考试会不及格的。 as long as you dont lose heart，you will succeed.你只要不灰心，就会成功。 suppose/supposing (that) they refuse us，who else can we turn to for help? 假如他们拒绝了我们，我们还能求助于谁？ in case there is a fire，what will we do first? 万一发生火灾，我们首先做什么？ 2引导方式状语从句的连词有：as，as if，as though等，多放在主句之后。其中as if或as though引导的从句一般用虚拟语气，但如果从句中所陈述的情况很可能实现，也可用陈述语气。 he is unhappy，though/although he has a lot of money. 虽然他很有钱，但他并不幸福。 although/though it was raining hard，yet they went on playing football. 虽然雨下得很大，但他们还是继续踢足球。 even though/if it is raining，well go there.(陈述语气) 即使下雨，我们也要去那里。 even if i were busy，i would go.(虚拟语气) 即使忙，我也得去。 child as/though he is，he knows a lot. 尽管他是孩子，但他懂得很多。 much as/though i like it，i wont buy it，for its too expensive.虽然我很喜欢它，但我不会买，因为它太贵了。 【举一反三】 roger had a gps device fitted in his car _he lost his way in the city. aso that bnow that cin case das if 解析：选c。句意：roger让人在车上安装了gps设备，以防在城市迷路。in case引导条件状语从句，表示“以防，万一”，符合语意。 题型五 目的状语从句和结果状语从句例5、the police officers in our city work hard _ the rest of us can live a safe life. ain case bas if cin order that donly if 【解析】选c。考查连接词组。句意：警察努力工作是为了让我们过上安全的生活。in order that含义为“为了”，引导目的状语从句。 【易错剖析】本题容易误选d。句意正好理解反了，我们过上安全的生活是警察努力工作的目的而非条件。 【提分秘籍】 1引导目的状语从句的连词有：so that，in order that，for fear (that)，in case，lest等。 ill speak slowly so that you can understand me. 我会慢慢说，以便你能懂。 in order that we might see the sunrise，we started for the peak early. 为了能看到日出，我们很早就出发去了山顶。 mary didnt want to get out of bed，for fear that she might wake her baby (up) 玛丽不想起床，担心吵醒她的宝宝。 take your raincoat，in case it rains. 带上雨衣吧，以防下雨。 2引导结果状语从句的从属连词有：so that，so.that.，such.that.在非正式语体中，由so.that.，such.that.引导的句子中that可以省略，注意其结构形式：如： mike is such an honest worker that we all believe him. mike is so honest a worker that we all believe him. 迈克是一个如此诚实的工人，以至于我们都相信他。 it is such fine weather that we all want to go to the park. 天气如此晴朗，以至于我们都想去公园。 he earned so little money that he couldnt support his family. 他挣这么少钱，以至于养不起家。 【举一反三】 my suitcase was damaged on the journey home，_ the lid would not stay closed. aso that bin order that cas though dnow that 解析：选a。句意：我的手提箱在回家的途中损坏了，结果盖子关不上了。so that在该句中表示“因此，所以”，引导结果状语从句，符合语意。in order that “为了”；as though“好像”；now that“既然”。 【高考风向标】 1(2014北京卷)_ the forest park is far away, a lot of tourists visit it every year.【答案】even though【解析】本题考查状语从句的引导词。句意：_森林公园离得很远，每年有很多游客会去游览。even though相当于even if，意为“尽管，虽然”，引导让步状语从句。2(2014北京卷)some animals carry seeds from one place to another, _ plants can spread to new places.【答案】so【解析】本题考查语意逻辑关系。句意：有些动物把种子从一个地方带到另外一个地方，_植物就可以传播到新地方了。根据carry seeds与spread to new places可知，两个分句之间存在因果关系。so表示因果关系，意为“因此，于是”，符合要求。3(2014重庆卷)half an hour later, lucy still couldnt get a taxi _ the bus had dropped her.【答案】where【解析】本题考查状语从句的引导词。句意：半小时后，露西仍然没有从下公交车的地方打到出租车。where在地方，引导地点状语从句。根据the bus had dropped her可知，此处所填词引导地点状语从句，故where正确。4(2014湖南卷)you will never gain success _ you are fully devoted to your work.【答案】unless【解析】考查条件状语从句。句意：除非你完全致力于你的工作，否则你将永远不会获得成功。根据句意可知，完全致力于工作是成功的条件，故用unless。5(2014福建卷)the climate here is quite pleasant, the temperature rarely, _， reaching 30 in summer.【答案】if ever5(2014福建卷)the climate here is quite pleasant, the temperature rarely, _， reaching 30 in summer.【答案】if ever【解析】本题考查省略句。句意：这里的气候宜人，_，在夏季气温极少达到30摄氏度。if ever如果曾经有；如果曾经发生。根据句中的关键词quite pleasant(宜人)，rarely(极少)可知，空格处表达的意思是“如果曾经有(if ever)”。if ever相当于if it (the temperature) ever reached 30 in summer。6(2014四川卷)ill be out for some time. _ anything important happens, call me up immediately.【答案】in case【解析】考查状语从句。句意：我将外出一段时间。如果发生重要的事情，请立刻给我电话。in case“如果，假若的话”，引导条件状语从句相当于if。根据句意可知，空格处用in case引导条件状语从句。7(2014安徽卷)the meaning of the word“nice”changed a few times_it finally came to include the sense “pleasant”【答案】before【解析】考查连词。根据finally可知，came to include the sense“pleasant”后于the meaning of the word “nice” changed a few times发生，因此用before。句意：nice一词的含义变化了数次之后，最后它才包括了pleasant的含义。8(2014陕西卷)the young couple, who returned my lost wallet, left _ i could ask for their names.【答案】before【解析】本题考查语意逻辑关系。句意：那对年轻夫妻归还了我丢了的钱包，我还没来得及问他们的名字他们就走了。根据空后的i could ask for their names可知，我还没问他们的名字他们就走了，所以此空应该填before(在之前，还没来得及就)。9(2014江苏卷)lessons can be learned to face the future, _history cannot be changed.【答案】though【解析】本题考查状语从句的引导词。句意：尽管不能改变历史，但是我们可以吸取教训来面对未来。此处用though引导让步状语从句。10(2014江西卷)it was the middle of the night _ my father woke me up and told me to watch the football game.【答案】when11(2013北京，30)i took my driving license with me on holiday，_i wanted to hire a car.ain case beven ifcever since dif only【答案】a【解析】考查状语从句。句意：假期时我带上我的驾照，以防万一我想租一辆车。故选a。12(2013湖南，23)you must learn to consult your feelings and your reason_you reach any decision.aalthough bbefore cbecause dunless【答案】b【解析】考查状语从句。根据句意：在你做任何决定之前，你得学会顾及到你的感觉和你做此决定的原因，可知答案为b(在之前)。13(2013江苏，28)in the global economy，a new drug for cancer，_it is discovered，will create many economic possibilities around the world.awhatever bwhoever cwherever dwhichever【答案】c【解析】考查状语从句。此处考查ever引导的让步状语从句。通过分析从句，可知句子不缺少主干成分，故排除代词a、b、d三项，故答案选c。14(2013江西，28)she says that shell have to close the shop _ business improves.aif bunless cafter dwhen【答案】b【解析】考查状语从句。根据句意：如果生意没有好转，她就只得关店铺。unlessif.not(如果不)，故答案选b。15(2013辽宁，24)one can always manage to do more things，no matter_full ones schedule is in life.ahow bwhat cwhen dwhere【答案】a【解析】考查状语从句。此处考查no matter.引导的让步状语从句。副词how修饰形容词或副词，横线后为形容词full，故选how。no matter how however(无论如何)。16(2013山东，26)mark needs to learn chinese_his company is opening a branch in beijing.aunless buntil calthough dsince【答案】d【解析】考查状语从句。句意：mark需要学习汉语是因为他的公司要在北京开分公司。连词since表“由于，因为”符合语境。17(2013山东，28)_i have to give a speech，i get extremely nervous before i start.awhatever bwhenever cwhoever dhowever【答案】b18(2013陕西，18)i have heard a lot of good things about you _ i came back from abroad.asince buntil cbefore dwhen【答案】a【解析】考查状语从句。根据句意及主从句时态即可判断为a项，因为since从句用一般过去时，主句用现在完成时。句意：自从我从国外回来，我已经听说了关于你的许多好的事情。19(2013四川，7)he is so busy.he cannot afford enough time with his son_he wants to.aeven if bas if cbecause dbefore【答案】a【解析】考查状语从句。根据句意：他如此繁忙。他不可能抽出足够的时间来陪他的儿子即便是他想那样做。可知答案选a。20(2013重庆，25)_ we have enough evidence，we cant win the case.aonce bas long as cunless dsince【答案】c【解析】考查状语从句。根据句意：除非我们有足够的证据，否则这个案子我们不能取胜，可知选c。【高考押题】 1if we work with a strong will, we can overcome any difficulty, _ great it is.【答案】however【解析】考查让步状语从句。根据空前的内容可知：此处应用however引导让步状语从句，however great it is相当于no matter how great it is。2the new policy allows a couple, to have a second birth _ either is an only child.【答案】if【解析】考查条件状语从句。句意：如果夫妇二人有一人是独生子女的话，新政策允许他们生第二胎。这里用if引导条件状语从句，表示“如果”。3take action today _ you wont miss your windows of opportunity next time.【答案】so that【解析】考查目的状语从句。句意：现在就行动起来，以便下次机遇之窗向你打开时你不会错过。根据句意可知应用so that引导目的状语从句。4you know that some people say more but do less _ others do the opposite.【答案】while【解析】考查并列连词。句意：你知道有些人说的多做的少，而有些人却与此相反。while在此处为并列连词，连接两个句子，表示“而，然而”。5_ scores of times, but he still couldnt understand it.(having explained, having been explained, though it was explained, it was explained)【答案】it was explained【解析】考查句子结构。本句中的but是并列连词，由此可知but前后都应该是完整的句子。6dont use your mobile phone while charging, _ you may be shocked by electricity.【答案】or【解析】考查并列连词。句意：手机充电的时候不要使用它，要不然你可能会触电。此处用or连接两个并列分句，表示“否则，要不然”。7it was a small room, _ it afforded a fine view of the old city.【答案】but【解析】考查并列连词。句意：虽然这个房间小，但是从这里可以看到这座老城的美丽风光。根据题干中的“a small room”和“a fine view”可知，此处表示转折意义，故用but。8the socalled asiapacific century will make no sense _ china develops.【答案】unless【解析】考查条件状语从句。句意：如果没有中国的发展，所谓的“亚太世纪”就没有任何意义。这里用unless表示“除非，如果不”，引导条件状语从句。9the little girl cried for several minutes _ her mother came to comfort her.【答案】before【解析】考查时间状语从句。句意：这个小女孩在她母亲来安慰之前哭了好几分钟。根据句意可知，此处应用before引导时间状语从句。10 _ we have got everything ready, lets begin the debate.【答案】now that【解析】考查原因状语从句。句意：既然我们把一切都准备好了，那就开始辩论吧。now that“既然”，引导原因状语从句；根据句意可知，用now that。11_ everyone should try to look good, it is not healthy for people to be too concerned with their appearance.【答案】while【解析】考查让步状语从句。句意：尽管每个人都应该试图让自己看起来漂亮，但如果人们太在意自己的外表则是不健康的。while“尽管，虽然”。12this new englishenglish dictionary is useful for me. _ much it may cost, ill buy it.【答案】however/no matter how