高考英语 热点题型和提分秘籍 专题15 完形填空（含解析）.doc

专题15 完形填空【高频考点解读】完形填空题的特点是篇幅小，但起点高，题量大，字数在230300之间。完形填空的选材近年来以第一人称为主的夹叙夹议励志型材料，具有极强的时代意义和真切的现实意义。完形填空考查考生对语法、词汇、习语、句型、搭配等基础知识的综合运用能力和短文的阅读理解能力，灵活运用语言知识的能力并且根据试题内容进行正确的逻辑推理，综合判断和分析概括的能力。【热点题型】题型一 猜测生词扫清阅读障碍water and its importance to human life were the centre of the worlds attention last week.march 22 was world water day and _1_ the theme “water for life”there are more than one billion people in the world who live without _2_ drinking water.the united nations _3_ to cut this number in half by 2015.solving such a big problem seems like _4_ challenge.but everyone，_5_ teenagers，can do something to help.a teenage girl in the us has set an example to _6_ of her age around the world.rene haggerty,13，was awarded the 2004 gloria barron prize for her work of _7_ discarded batteries which pollute water.in 2003，haggerty went on a field trip to the great lakes science centre in ohio.there，she saw an exhibit about how _8_ in old batteries harm the water of lake erie.haggerty learnt that _9_ the batteries was an easy solution.“i think everybody can do it，because everyone _10_ batteries，and it can make a big difference.” with these words，she began to _11_ awareness in her area.she _12_ her county government and school board.she got permission to start a recycling programme in schools _13_ the public library，hospital，and churches.with help from her family，friends and local wastemanagement _14_，she gathered containers，arranged transportation，and made a(n) _15_ video.over the past two years，she collected four tons of batteries and drew the attention of officials，who were in charge of a battery recycling programme but had made _16_ progress.when asked _17_ she feels like a hero haggerty is quite _18_.“not really.well，maybe for the fish i saved！”every year the gloria barron prize _19_ young americans aged 8 to 18 who have shown leadership and courage in _20_ the public and the planet.each year ten winners receive us $2,000 each，to help with their education costs or their public service work.1a.had bgavecwrote ddiscussed答案a2a.enough bsafecmuch dpolluted答案b解析这里是指没有干净的水，所以饮用也就不“安全”。3a.asks borderschopes densures答案c解析这里是说联合国“希望”将这个数字减少一半。4a.a great ba strongcan important dan unreal答案d解析要达到这个目的有极大的困难，好像是一个不真实的挑战。5a.especially bsometimesceven dseldom答案c解析这里是说“甚至”青少年也可以参与到这个活动中，做一些有帮助的事情。6a.boys botherscstudents dgrownups答案b解析泛指与之年龄相仿的其他青少年，并非指其他某类人。7a.collecting bsellingcbuying dusing答案a解析根据后文可知是“收集”废弃电池。8a.things bchemicalscwater dair答案b解析是由于电池里面的“化学物质”对环境造成的污染和危害。9a.making brecyclingcreducing dhandling答案b解析这里只有“回收”电池符合上下文语境和语义。10a.uses bhascthrows dneeds答案a解析人人都能做点事是因为人人都“使用”它。11a.tell bincreasecspread dinform答案b12a.talked to blistened tocheard from dthought about答案a解析于是她就跟她所在县的管理部门和学校董事会“谈”这件事。13a.and bbesides cas well as das good as答案c解析因为后面有and，所以这里只能用as well as。14a.officials bworkerscclerks dexperts答案a解析在wastemanagement部门工作的是政府官员。15a.industrial bagriculturalcscientific deducational答案d解析这里说的是她制作一个用于宣传教育的电视影像。16a.much bnocsome dlittle答案d解析根据这里的but及语境可以判断。17a.if bhowcwhen dwhy答案a解析根据后面的答语not really来判断。18a.proud bgladcmodest dworried答案c解析根据下文的回答可判断。19a.praises bhelpscsupports dhonors答案d20a.benefiting bsavingcserving dfavoring答案c解析见上题解析。【提分秘籍】在完形填空中遇到生词是常见的现象，但这却影响了考生对文章的理解判断，并无形中增加了考生的心理压力，对正常发挥不利。一般说来，完形中的生词不会出现在选项中。对于那些不影响文章理解的生词，我们不必去深究，通过上下文了解其大概意义即可，有时可以忽略；而对于比较重要的和解题有关的生词，要注意构词法、上下句语义、语法逻辑或根据中心思想推敲句子间的逻辑等来把握词义。【举一反三】 i truly feel that my mother led me here，to morzaine，and to my future as a happy wife and businesswoman.when mum _21_ in october 2007，i was a cook.in december that year，while i was working for a wedding，a pearl necklace mum had left me _22_，i was distraught (忧心如焚的)some days later，i was _23_ that a guy who was working with us that day，“could probably have made a fortune _24_ the necklace he found.”_25_，he returned it.hearing how id _26_ mum for six months before her death，he said，“christmas is going to be _27_why not go out to the alps for a couple of weeks？”i came to morzaine，a small，friendly village in the alps and _28_ fell in love with it.what was _29_ to be a stopgap (权宜之计) trip turned into a new life.i kept travelling between london and here and felt _30_ than i had in months.in december 2008，i was _31_ as a hotel manager and moved here full time.a month later，i met paul，who was travelling here.we fell in love.in the beginning，i didnt want to discuss _32_，because the sadness of losing mum _33_ felt great.paul understood that and never _34_ me but，by summer，we got married.a year later，we used his savings，and the money from the sale of mums house，to build our own _35_.we want to give our guests a _36_ feel，so each room is themed (以为主题) around memories from our lives.there are also styles to remind me of muma tiny chair which _37_ be in her bedroom is set in one room.we are having a wonderful life and mum _38_ naturally part of it，_39_ theres no way we would be here if it wasnt for the _40_ she gave me.i know shes here in spirit，keeping an eye on us. 21a.died bcamecreturned dvisited答案a解析句意为：当母亲在2007年10月去世时，我是一个厨师。从第26个空后出现的her death及其作者丢失母亲留给她的项链时心急如焚的感受以及后文的描述可知，当时母亲已去世。die死去；come来到；return返回；visit拜访。由后文可推断a项正确。22a.burned bdisappearedcbroke ddropped答案b解析句意为：那年的12月，当我在为一个婚礼忙碌时，母亲留给我的珍珠项链没了，我忧心如焚。从该空后的i was distraught以及下文对于项链去向的猜测可反推此处指作者的妈妈留给她的项链没了。burn烧伤，燃烧；disappear消失；break打破；drop落下。由句意可知b项正确。23a.shown bcomfortedcpersuaded dtold答案d24a.hiding bstealingcselling dwearing答案c解析句意为：他可能拿着捡到的项链卖钱了。这句话中make a fortune的意思是“挣大钱”。根据逻辑推理，此人应该是将捡到的项链卖掉，以此来换取钱财。hide隐藏；steal偷窃；sell卖；wear穿，戴。通过逻辑推理可知c项正确。25a.luckily bnaturallycsurely dhopefully答案a解析句意为：幸运的是，他把它还回来了。从前文看，作者没想到这个人还能将她的项链还给她。再次获得母亲的遗物，作者应该感到很幸运。luckily幸运地；naturally自然地；surely当然，肯定；hopefully有希望地。26a.nursed bcuredcmissed dguarded答案a解析句意为：在听说了我在母亲去世前6个月是如何照顾她的后根据“for six months before her death”并结合后文他对作者提出的外出放松一下的建议来看，作者应该是照顾了母亲很长时间。nurse照顾，护理；cure治愈；miss想念；错过；guard守卫，保卫。根据前后文可知a项正确。27a.long bhardcmerry dfree答案b解析句意为：圣诞节会过得很艰难结合前文来看，母亲的去世给作者带来了很大的伤痛。按逻辑来推，没有亲人的陪伴，圣诞节会让作者更难过。long漫长的；hard艰难的；merry欢快的；free自由的。28a.suddenly bfinallycnearly dimmediately答案d解析句意为：我来到了morzaine，阿尔卑斯山区的一个很小却友善的村庄，并立刻喜欢上了它。suddenly突然；finally最终；nearly将近，接近；immediately立刻，马上。根据句意可知d项正确。29a.said bprovedcsupposed djudged答案c30a.smarter bhighercfirmer dlighter答案d解析句意为：我不断往返于伦敦和这个地方，我的心情也比数月前轻松多了。由上下文可知，这次旅行医治了作者内心的伤痛，其心情也逐渐轻松起来。smart时髦的，聪明的；high高的；firm坚定的；light轻松的。31a.honoured bhiredcregarded dtrained答案b解析句意为：2008年12月，我被聘为一名旅馆经理，我也完全搬到了这里。honour纪念；hire雇用；regard把看作；train训练。尽管四个选项均可与as搭配构成短语，但结合句意，只有b项正确。32a.travel bbusinesscchildren dmarriage答案d解析句意为：我们相爱了。一开始，我并未想到要谈婚论嫁。travel旅行；business生意；children孩子；marriage婚姻。根据前文we fell in love.及后文作者依然对母亲的去世感到悲伤可推断此处，作者虽然爱保罗，却没想到要与他结婚。根据逻辑推理可知d项正确。33a.recently boncecstill dfirstly答案c解析句意为：因为失去母亲的悲痛仍然感觉很强烈。结合前文作者虽然爱保罗却并未想到要谈婚论嫁可知，失去母亲之痛仍折磨着作者。recently最近；once曾经；still仍旧，依然；firstly首先。根据句意可知c项正确。34a.left bpushedcsurprised dinterrupted答案b解析句意为：保罗理解那种感觉，他从来不催促我，但到夏天的时候，我们结婚了。leave离开；push推；催促；surprise使吃惊；interrupt打断。后文的but表明了前后语意的转折。根据句意及逻辑关系可知b项正确。35a.hotel brestaurantchome dshop答案a解析句意为：一年之后，我们用他的积蓄以及卖掉母亲房子的钱建了属于我们自己的旅馆。根据下段内容和前文作者曾做过旅馆经理的经历可推理得出作者建了自己的旅馆。hotel旅馆；restaurant饭店；home家；shop商店。36a.homely blivelycmotherly dfriendly答案a37a.ought to bused tocmight dcould答案b解析句意为：也有一些房间的风格让我想起了我的母亲其中一个房间里就摆放了母亲卧室里曾摆放过的一把小椅子。ought to应该；used to过去常常；might可能；could可能，能够。根据句意可知b项正确。38a.takes bkeepsclooks dfeels答案d解析句意为：现在我们生活得非常好，母亲很自然地能感受到这些。feel此处与part of搭配，字面意思表示“感受到其中的一部分”。take拿，取；keep保留；look看，均不符合句意。根据语境可知d项正确。39a.unless bwhilecbecause dthough答案c解析句意为：因为如果没有她给我的项链，我们不可能来到这里。unless除非；while当时候；because因为；though虽然。根据前后文逻辑关系及语意可知c项正确。40a.money bchairchouse dnecklace答案d题型二 分析句子结构破解长难句 “just sign here，sir，”the deliveryman said as he handed oscar peyna a package.the package consisted of a long，narrow box_21_wrapped in brown paper._22_the box，oscar saw an umbrella insidea very old one with a beautifully carved wooden handle._23_he had not seen it in more than 20 years，he recognized it_24_.oscar was 16 when he first saw the_25_umbrella.he had gone to a concert with his grandparents.as they were leaving，he noticed an umbrella on an empty seat.impressed by its_26_，oscar felt a strong desire to find its_27_.oscar_28_the manager to look in the record of advance ticket sales.just as he thought，a name matched the seat_29_oscar had found the umbrella.the name was mrs.katie obrien.oscar talked his grandparents into going by mrs.obriens_30_on their way home.he rang the bell，the door opened，and an elderly woman appeared.“may i_31_you？”she asked.“id like to return it if its yours，”oscar said，_32_the umbrella as if presenting a_33_that had long been wished for.“why，yes！its mine，”replied mrs.obrien with a_34_smile and shining eyes.“it was given to me by my father years ago.thank you so much for returning it.may i offer you a reward for your_35_？”“no，maam，”he said，“my grandmother says that a good deed is its own reward.”“well，thats_36_what my father used to say.what is your name，young man？”years later oscar was staring at the finely carved handle of the umbrella as he remembered mrs.obrien.it was in perfect condition，considering how_37_it was.why had it arrived here today?as if_38_，a note fell from the paper.it read：mrs.obrien wanted you to_39_this umbrella as a present for a kind，_40_gesture long ago. (2012浙江)21a.strictly bcarefullycroughly dcasually答案b解析根据下文及最后一段可知，这把漂亮的雨伞作为对作者善良、无私行为的奖励被邮寄给了他，所以包裹应是包得非常仔细。carefully仔细地，符合语境。strictly严格地；roughly粗糙地，粗略地；casually随便地，随意地。22a.opening bseizingcobserving dsearching答案a解析根据下文oscar saw an umbrella inside可反推出oscar已经将盒子打开了。23a.after bwhencsince dalthough答案d解析本句句意为：虽然他有20多年没有见它了，但是他还是立刻认出了它。根据句中的had not seen it in more than 20 years和recognized it可知，前后语意为转折关系。24a.clearly bfullycimmediately dsuddenly答案c解析根据后文内容可知，作者对这把伞的印象非常深刻，所以当他见到这把伞时，立刻就认出它来。clearly清楚地；fully完全地，十分地；immediately立刻，马上；suddenly突然。25a.average bunusualcplain dtypical答案b解析从第二段中“a very old one with a beautifully carved wooden handle”可知，这把伞非同一般。unusual非同寻常的，符合语境。average普通的，一般的，平均的；plain朴素的，简单的；typical典型的，有代表性的。26a.beauty bshapecorigin dhistory答案a解析第二段中的beautifully以及倒数第二段中的finely均表明这把伞非常好看，所以作者被它的美所打动。27a.designer bsellercuser downer答案d解析根据下文可知，作者经过一番努力，找到了伞的主人。第七段中的its mine也提示了这一点。28a.convinced bforcedcencouraged dadvised答案a29a.until bbeforecwhich dwhere答案d解析根据句式结构分析可知，空格后为一个定语从句，其先行词为the seat，关系词在从句中充当地点状语，故选where。30a.family btheaterchouse dneighborhood答案c解析通过对下文的理解可知，作者说服了祖父母到失主家送伞。根据后文的rang the bell，the door opened等字眼可知是到了失主的家里。31a.invite bhelpcbother dknow答案b解析当老妇人看到作者时并不知道作者的来意，所以询问作者她能为他做些什么。may i help you？表示“有需要帮忙的吗？”。32a.putting up bturning outcpicking up dholding out答案d解析通读前文可知，作者要将老人的伞归还回去，自然是要伸出手将伞递给老人。hold out伸出，符合语境。put up举起，张贴；turn out结果是，最终是；pick up捡起，接收，用车接。33a.chance bfactcgift dresult答案c解析本句句意为：奥斯卡说着，伸手将伞递过去，好像是在递交一份期盼已久的礼物。选项中只有c项可与hold out搭配。34a.wide bconfidentcproud dshy答案a解析父亲多年前赠送的礼物现在失而复得，老妇人自然是笑逐颜开。a wide smile为习惯搭配，表示“笑得很开心”。confident自信的，proud自豪的，shy羞涩的，均与语境及常理不符。35a.patience bkindnessccourage ddetermination答案b解析作者将捡到的东西归还失主，自然是好心。老妇人希望能送给作者点儿什么作为对他好心的报答。最后一段中的kind也与该处的kindness相呼应。36a.obviously bnaturallycexactly dprobably答案c解析作者的祖母对他说过的话恰巧老妇人的父亲也跟她说过。exactly恰好，正确地，符合语境。obviously显而易见地；naturally自然地；probably很可能。37a.old brarecprecious dnice答案a解析本句句意为：伞状况完好，鉴于它已经那么旧了。根据文章第二段中a very old one以及more than 20 years可知，这把伞很旧了。尽管这把伞经历了漫长的岁月，但其状况依然良好。38a.in contrast bin returncin exchange din answer答案d39a.possess bacceptccarry dvalue答案b解析由该语境可知，老妇人将这把伞邮寄给作者，希望作者能够将其作为一份礼物收下，以此表达老人对于作者无私帮助的感激。40a.attractive bsignificantcunselfish dsympathetic答案c解析通读前文可知，作者为了找到伞的主人做了很多事情，而且并没有为自己的善举索取什么。他的做法在老妇人看来是善良、无私的。unselfish无私的，符合语境。attractive吸引人的；significant重要的；sympathetic有同情心的。【提分秘籍】 分析长难句可从下面几点入手：1找出谓语动词找到了谓语动词，就说明有句子存在。有时态的动词通常是谓语。然后，顺着谓语动词往前找，如果有引导词存在，说明这个谓语动词所在的句子就是个从句，再根据引导词前的单词判定该从句的类型。如果没有引导词存在，那说明这是主句的谓语动词，那它的前面就是主语，后面就应该是宾语或表语。2寻找并列连词常见的并列连词有and，but，yet，or，so，for，not only.but also.看到这些单词，一般就有并列结构存在，并且很可能存在着省略问题。3寻找引导词找到引导词就找到了从句，再根据引导词前的单词确定其是什么从句。4寻找名词一般的长句子中，名词后只要不是谓语动词，一般都有修饰限定成分，即定语或同位语。也就是说，我们只要能寻找到名词，其后的句子成分就确定是修饰或解释前面的名词的。【举一反三】 one day a few years ago we had an uninvited guesta sparrow._1_ the little bird had flown into our open garage.then i _2_ the bird before i saw it.“whats that？”i asked when i first heard the sound.“its coming from the _3_，” my wife，anita，said.“maybe its one of the little _4_.”i looked into the garage.no children at all.but there was that sound again，coming from right up there.and thats _5_ i saw the sparrow.it was flying _6_ just inches below the ceiling.it was clearly _7_ to get out，but couldnt see the way out was not up，but _8_ and out through the garage door.so the bird continued flapping its wings and bumping its little head _9_ the ceiling.i tried to terrify it out，but only succeeded in driving it into the _10_ open space between the door and the ceiling.then i tried to show the bird how to fly down a few feet _11_ it could get outside，but that only seemed to _12_ it more.“why dont we just leave for a few minutes？” anita _13_.“im sure hell figure it out eventually.”we went back into the house，where we _14_ to hear the ongoing struggle between the sparrow and the ceiling.then suddenly，it was _15_ and our uninvited guest was gone.ive _16_ that little sparrow through the years，and ive decided that birds are not different much from people.we think we were _17_ to fly ever upward，and we dont even consider the _18_ that something good might happen if we just fly down a little bit.once we figure out that we can make _19_ without banging(碰) our heads against ceilings，we can usually save ourselves much _20_.1a.still bsomehowcinstead dperhaps 答案b解析通过文中“we had an uninvited guest”，可知这只鸟是不速之客，不知怎么地，它飞进了车库。此处选择somehow“不知怎么地”。2a.heard bcaughtcsearched dobserved答案a解析通过后面的“before i saw it”，可知此处为：我先听见了声音，后看见了小鸟。此处选择heard“听见”，符合句意。3a.house bbackyardcgarage dbasement答案c解析此处与下一句“i looked into the garage.”相互呼应。我听见了声音，问妻子，妻子说可能是孩子在车库。故选择garage。4a.birds bguestsccats dkids答案d解析此处与后文“no children at all”相呼应。妻子说可能是孩子的声音，我看了后发现没有孩子在车库。故选择kids。5a.when bhowcwhy dwhether答案a解析“thats when i saw the sparrow.”那时我看见了那只麻雀，与前一句“but there was that sound again”前后顺承。6a.quickly banxiouslyccautiously dslowly答案b解析此处通过后文“so the bird continued flapping its wings and bumping its little head _ the ceiling.”可以猜测，此时的小鸟非常焦虑，想快点飞出去。故选择anxiously。quickly 迅速地；cautiously小心谨慎地；slowly慢慢地，均不符合句意。7a.deciding bhesitatingctrying dchoosing答案c解析此处应是小鸟试图出去，但找不到办法。try试图，努力；decide决定；hesitate犹豫不决；choose选择，均不符合题意。8a.up bbackwardcforward ddown答案d9a.against boffcalong dinto答案a解析此处和文章最后一句中“without banging(碰) our heads against ceilings”形成前后呼应。against碰撞，如waves dashing against the shore。off 远离；along沿着；into进入。10a.free bsmallcwide ddark答案b解析通过文中“space between the door and the ceiling”可知此处指的是天花板和门之间的小空隙中，故选择small。free 自由的，有空的；wide宽阔的；dark黑暗的。此处强调我试图把鸟吓出去，却适得其反。11a.in case beven ifcas though dso that答案d解析通过分析句子“then i tried to show the bird how to fly down a few feet _ it could get outside”可知，句中show the bird how to fly down的目的就是让它飞出去，故用so that 引导目的状语从句。in case 以防万一；even if 即使；as thoughas if 好像，都不符合句子的意思。12a.puzzle bconfusecfrighten ddisturb答案c解析通过文中“i tried to terrify it out”和此处“but that only seemed to _ it more”可以猜测，此处应是让它更害怕。frighten使害怕，符合句意。puzzle使困惑，不解；confuse使迷惑，困惑；disturb打扰。13a.suggested bexplainedcinsisted ddemanded答案a解析此处是anita提出建议，故用suggested。14a.attempted bcontinuedcrefused dfailed答案b15a.fierce bemptycsafe dsilent答案d解析通过文中“our uninvited guest was gone”可知，小鸟飞走了后就没有动静了，故选择silent。fierce激烈的；empty空的；safe安全的。16a.looked after bworried aboutcthought about dbrought up答案c解析look after照顾；worry about对担忧；bring up养育。小鸟已经飞走了，谈不上“照顾”、“担忧”、“养育”，故选择“think about(考虑，思索)”。17a.forced bdeterminedcborn durged答案c解析我们一直认为我们生来(born)就该往高处飞。force强迫；determine决定；urge强烈要求。18a.idea bpossibilitycchallenge dproblem答案b解析由语境可知此处选possibility。idea主意；challenge挑战；problem问题。19a.progress bpeacecdecisions defforts答案a解析make progress取得进步，符合句意。make peace讲和；make decision做决定；make efforts作出努力，均不合题意。20a.panic bpressurecloss dtrouble答案d解析save意为“省下”，搭配为save ourselves much trouble“给我们省下不少麻烦”。panic惊慌；pressure压力；loss损失，都不合题意。题型三 日积月累攻克固定搭配 “look，its baldy！”a boy shouted in my direction across the playground.even though i was used to regular insults(侮辱) because of the_11_on my head，it was_12_horrible to hear.i sighed as i headed back to the 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