高考英语 热点题型和提分秘籍 专题09 虚拟语气与情态动词（含解析）.doc

专题09 虚拟语气与情态动词【高频考点解读】情态动词是各地高考试题中的必考项目，每年高考单项填空必有一道考查情态动词的项目。考点依次是：推测(可能性)请求/允许必要性特殊用法。试题的立意不偏不怪，但有效信息越来越隐蔽，语境越来越真实，考查角度越来越细致，这些因素在很大程度上增加了试题的难度。而虚拟语气的试题偏少，有些省份已将虚拟语气列为不考的项目。【热点题型】题型一 情态动词的基本用法 例1、one of our rules is that every student _ wear school uniform while at school. amightbcould cshall dwill 【易错剖析】本题考生容易误选d。考生误把此处当成了将来时，shall只用于第一人称，所以选will，而忘记了shall作情态动词时的用法。 【提分秘籍】 1can和could的用法 (1)表示“能力”。 no one can be compared with yao ming in playing basketball. oh，you are really his big fan. 在打篮球方面，无人能与姚明相媲美。 你真是姚明的铁杆粉丝。 (2)表示惊讶，常用在否定句和疑问句中。 how could you do such a silly thing? 你怎么能做那样的蠢事呢？2may和might的用法 (1)may和might表示“许可”,“可能性”,“祝愿”等意义。 may i take this book out? im afraid not. 我能将书带出吗？ 恐怕不行。 (2)“may as well动词原形”意为“最好,满可以,倒不如”。 we may as well stay where we are. 我们留在现在的地方倒也不错。 3must的用法 (1)must表“必须”，其否定形式mustnt表示“禁止”。 you mustnt park here！its an emergency exit.你不可以在这儿停车！这是紧急情况出口处。 (2)表示“偏执”，“固执”。 dont interrupt me，john.must you force me to tell you the truth at the moment? 约翰，你别打断我说话。你非得逼我这时告诉你真相吗？ 4shall的用法 (1)用于第一、第三人称疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见和向对方请示。 what time shall i pick you up at your house tomorrow，sir? i havent decided on the time.but i will call you. 先生，我明天什么时候到你家接你呢？ 我还没有决定时间，但是我会给你打电话的。 (2)用于第二、第三人称陈述句中,表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。 no driving electric motor bikes in some areas is a rule that you shall obey in fuzhou. 在一些地区不许骑电动车是你在福州必须遵守的一个规定。 5should和ought to的用法 (1)should表示“应该”、“竟然”、“万一”。 you should take advantage of this opportunity. 你应该好好利用这个机会。 it seems unfair that this should happen to me. 真不公平，这件事竟然发生在我身上。 if it should rain tomorrow，dont expect me. 万一明天下雨，就不要等我了。 (2)ought to表示“应该” you ought to diet and take more exercise. 你应该节食并多做运动。 6will和would的用法 (1)表示意志、意愿和决心等。would用于过去的情况。 john promised his doctor he would not smoke，and he has never smoked ever since.约翰答应他的医生不再吸烟了，自从那时起他就再也不吸烟了。 i have told him again and again to stop smoking，but he will not listen. 我已再三告诉他戒烟，但是他就是不听。 (2)will可以表示一种习惯性的动作，有“总是”或“总要”之意。would可以表示过去的习惯性动作，比used to正式，但没有“现已无此习惯”的含义。 every morning he will have a walk along this river. 每天早晨，他总是沿着小河散步。 when we worked in the same firm several years ago，we would often go to the cinema together. 几年前我们在同一家公司工作时,我们常常一起去电影院。 【举一反三】 i_ use a clock to wake me up because at six oclock each morning the train comes by my house. acouldnt bmustnt cshouldnt dneednt 【解析】选d。本题考查情态动词。根据后面的because引导的原因状语从句的内容可知选d，即“因为每天早晨六点钟那列火车都经过我家，所以没有必要用闹钟来叫醒我”。couldnt不能;mustnt禁止；shouldnt不应该；neednt不必，不需要。 【易错剖析】本题考生误选b的多。记混了mustnt的含义, mustnt没有“不必”的含义,它的意义是“禁止，不许”。 题型二 情态动词表“推测”例2、jack，take more clothes when going camping.it _ be very cold in the mountains. thank you，mum.i will. acan bshould cshall dmust 【提分秘籍】 1“must动词原形”用于肯定句中，表示肯定推测或判断，有“一定”之意。 its the office! so you must know eating is not allowed here. oh，sorry. 这是办公室！所以你一定知道这里不许吃东西。 噢，对不起。 2can用于肯定句中有时可以用来表示推测，意为“有时会”；用于疑问句中可以表示推测，意为“可能”，有时表示一种惊讶的语气;用于否定句中也可以表示推测;cant意为“不可能”,语气很强烈。 it is usually warm in my hometown in march，but it can be rather cold sometimes. 我的家乡在三月份通常很暖和，但有时候也会相当冷。 dont play with the dog，jack，for it can be dangerous at times. 杰克，不要逗狗玩，因为狗有时可能很危险。 there is no light in the room.she cant be at home now. 房间里没有灯光。她现在不可能在家里。 3may，might用于肯定句中可以用来表示推测，意为“可能”，用于否定句中也可以表示推测；may not意为“可能不”，表示一种不太确定的语气。 is there an express to beijing tonight? there might be，but youd better call the booking office to make sure. 今晚有去北京的快车吗？ 可能有，不过你最好给订票处打电话确认一下。 4should用来表示推测时意为“应该”，即含有“按道理来说应当如此”的意思。 the public transport in beijing is very convenient，so there shouldnt be any difficulty in traveling around the city. 现在北京的公共交通非常便利，所以在市区观光不应该有什么困难。 【举一反三】 where is mr.jack? he _ have gone farhis mobile phone is still on the desk. ashouldnt bmust ccouldnt dmight 解析：选c。考查情态动词。答句句意：他不可能走远他的手机还在桌子上。couldnt have done sth.意为“不可能做过某事”，表示对过去的否定推测。 题型三 情态动词have done 例3、we _ the difficulty together, but why didnt you tell me? ashould face bmight face ccould have faced dmust have faced 【易错剖析】本题考生容易误选a。原因是没有注意体会后面的but why didnt you tell me?意思是没有能共同面对困难。 【提分秘籍】 1can/could have done表示“本来可以做，而实际上未做”或者“过去可能”，疑问或否定形式表示对过去发生的行为表示怀疑或不肯定，其中cant have done多用于语气强烈的否定，意为“不可能做过”。 she cant have left school，for her bike is still here. 因为她的自行车仍然在这儿，她不可能离开学校了。 2neednt have done表示本来不必做某事而实际上却做了。 i actually neednt have bought so much wineonly three people came. 其实我本没必要买这么多酒，只来了三个人。 3must have done表示对过去行为的推测，意为“一定，想必”，语气十分肯定。 it must have been tom that parked the car here，as he is the only one with a car. 一定是汤姆把车停在这里的，因为只有他有车。 4should/ought to have done用于肯定句时，表示本该做某事，而实际上未做；用于否定句时，则表示不该做的事反而做了。 im not feeling well in the stomach.i shouldnt have eaten so much fried chicken just now. 我现在觉得肚子疼，我刚才不应该吃那么多的炸鸡的。 5may/might have done表示对过去行为的推测，意为“可能做过”。 might所表示的可能性比较弱，语气较委婉。此外might have done可表示“本可能做而实际上未做”。 why didnt alex attend the party yesterday evening? he might not have wanted to see me. 为什么alex昨晚没参加晚会？ 他有可能不想见到我。 【举一反三】 sorry，cathy，i didnt know that you were badly short of money then.but you _me for help. amust have asked bcould have asked cwould have asked dmay have asked 解析：选b。考查情态动词。说话人为自己不知道cathy当时急需用钱而感到抱歉，认为cathy当时本来可以向自己求助。could have done表示过去本来可以做某事，可实际上并没有做。 题型四 条件句中的虚拟语气 例4、sorry，i am too busy now.if i _ time，i would certainly go for an outing with you. ahave had bhad had chave dhad 【易错剖析】本题考生易误选c。原因是没有体会出这是虚拟语气，只考虑到了这是条件状语从句。 【提分秘籍】情况 从句的动词 主句的动词 例句 与现在事实相反 动词的过去式(be动词一律用were) would/could/ should/might动词原形 if i had time，i would attend your party. 如果我有时间，我就去参加你的宴会了。 与过去事实相反 had过去分词 would/could/ should/mighthave过去分词 if he had followed my advice，he wouldnt have lost his job. 如果他(当时)接受我的建议，就不会丢掉他的工作了。 与将来事实相反 动词的过去式；should动词原形;were to动词原形 would/could/ might/should动词原形 if it snowed/were to snow/should snow tomorrow, we would take photos.如果明天下雪,我们就照相。 【温馨提示】 1混合虚拟语气 有时主句和虚拟条件从句的动作发生的时间不一致，此时,主句和从句的谓语动词要根据各自所指的不同时间选择适当的动词形式。 if he hadnt hurt his legs in the last training，he would join in the coming world cup，which he has been longing to compete in. 要是在上次训练中他的腿没受伤的话，他会参加他渴望已久的世界杯。 2含蓄虚拟语气 有时为了表达的需要,假设的情况并不以if条件句表示出来，而是通过but for，without，otherwise，or等介词、副词暗含在上下文中。 i was caught in a traffic jam for over an hour，otherwise i would not have kept you waiting for such a long time. 交通堵塞了一个多小时，否则我不会让你等这么长时间的。 but for your help，it would have caused a serious loss. 要不是你的帮助，那将会导致巨大的损失。 3若条件句中有were，had，should，可把if省略，而把were，had，should放在主语前，形成倒装结构，这种结构主要用于书面语中。 had you taken my advice，you wouldnt have failed in the examination. 如果你听了我的建议，你就不会考试不及格了。 【举一反三】 if it were not for the fact that you _ill，i would ask you to do this now. awere bhad been care dshould be 解析：选a。根据句意“要不是你生病了，我现在就让你做这件事了”可知“你生病”是过去的事实，所以用一般过去时。 题型五 从句中的虚拟语气例5、jack is a great talker.its high time that he _ something instead of just talking. awill do bhas done cdo ddid 【解析】选d。考查特殊句型下的虚拟语气。本题的关键点是its high time that，我们知道，后面的句子要用一般过去时。句意：jack是一个很喜欢说大话的人。到了他做点事情，而不是只讲大话的时候了。 【易错剖析】本题容易误选a，因为这句话按动作发生的时间分析应该用一般将来时，但这是一个固定句型，谓语动词只能用did或should do。 【提分秘籍】1if only引导的感叹句中，要用虚拟语气，表示愿望。 look at the trouble were in.if only we had taken our teachers advice！看看我们现在所处的困境，要是我们接受老师的建议就好了。 2it is (high/about) time (that).句型中的虚拟语气。 tom，its high time you took the medicine. thank you for reminding me，i almost forgot it. tom，该是你服药的时间了。 感谢你提醒我，我几乎都忘了。 3.would rather句型中的虚拟语气表示愿望,意为“宁愿,但愿”. do you mind if we set out earlier tomorrow morning? well，id rather you didnt. 我们明天早晨早出发你介意吗？ 我宁愿你不早出发。 4wish后面所跟宾语从句中的虚拟语气。 表示对现在情况的虚拟：wish主语动词过去式或were 表示对过去情况的虚拟：wish主语had过去分词 表示对将来情况的虚拟：wish主语would动词原形 do you know his address? no，i also wish i knew where he lives. 你知道他的地址吗？ 不，我也希望我知道他住在哪。 5在名词性从句中，用来表示命令、建议、要求、愿望等的词后宾语从句和同位语从句中常用虚拟语气，形式为：(should)动词原形。常这样用的动词有：advise劝告，demand要求，desire渴望，command命令，insist坚持，prefer宁愿，urge主张，order命令，recommend推荐，request要求，require要求，suggest建议，以及这些词的名词形式。 the doctor recommended that he (should) give up smoking for the benefit of his health. 为了身体健康医生建议他戒烟。 【举一反三】 jack is a great talker.its high time that he _ something instead of just talking. awill do bhas done cdo ddid 【易错剖析】本题容易误选a，因为这句话按动作发生的时间分析应该用一般将来时，但这是一个固定句型，谓语动词只能用did或should do。 【高考风向标】【2015北京】29cant you stay a little longer?its getting late. i really _go now, my daughter is home alone.a .may b .can c . must d .dare 【答案】c【解析】句意：你不能再多待会儿吗?很晚了，我必须得走了。我女儿一个人在家。a. may可能，可以，也许；b. can能，会；c. must必须，必然要，必定会；d. dare敢，胆敢。结合句意，故选c。【2015北京】34. if i _it with my own eyes ,i wouldnt have believed it.a . didnt see b. werent seeing c. wouldnt see d. hadnt seen【答案】d【解析】句意：如果不是我亲眼看到，我不会相信。根据后半句wouldnt have believed可以判断是对过去的虚拟。所以从句是if+主语+ had+done的形式。故选d。【2015重庆】7. without his wartime experiences, hemingway_ his famous novel a farewell to arms.a. didnt write b. hadnt written c. wouldnt write d. wouldnt have written【答案】d 【解析】句意：没有他战时的经验，海明威就不可能写出著名的小说永别了武器。根据without his wartime experience没有战时的经历，可知表示对于过去的否定猜测，故主句用would have done，因此选d项。 【2015重庆】12. you _ be carol. you havent changed a bit after all these years.a. must b. can c. will d. shall【答案】a 【解析】句意：你肯定是卡罗，这些年你一点也没有变化。 must表示对现在的肯定推测。 故选a。 【2015天津】7. i _ have worried before i came to the new school, for my classmates here are very friendly to me.a. mightntb. mustntc. needntd. couldn t【答案】c【2015天津】13. i wish i _ at my sisters wedding last tuesday, but i was on a business trip in new york then.a. will be b. would be c. have been d. had been 【答案】d【解析】句意：上个周二我本希望参加我姐姐的婚礼，但那时我在纽约出差。本题考查wish引导的宾语从句，表示与过去事实相反的愿望，从句用had + 过去分词。根据句意可知选d。【2015四川】2.you _be careful with the camera. it costs!a .must b. may c. can d. will【答案】a【解析】考查情态动词。根据下文的it costs可知，照相机很昂贵，故选择a，意为：你一定要非常小心对待照相机，它很昂贵。【2015陕西】21. you feel all the training a waste of time, but im a hundred percent sure later youll be grateful you did it.a. should b. need c. shall d. may【答案】d【解析】句意：你可能觉得所有的训练都是浪费时间，但是我有100%的把握你以后会感激它的。should应该；need需要；shall将会；may（不确定）可能。所以选d。【2015陕西】23. ellen is a fantastic dancer. i wish i as well as her.a. dance b. will dance c. had danced d. danced【答案】c【解析】句意：ellen是一个很棒的舞蹈演员。但愿我能和她跳得一样好。i wish“但愿”后面接宾语从句用虚拟语气，和现在相反用一般过去时，所以选c。【2015江苏】28. it might have saved me some trouble _ the schedule.a. did i know b. have i known c. do i know d. had i known【答案】d【2015安徽】32.it is lucky we booked a room, or we _nowhere to stay now.a. hadb. had hadc. would haved. would have had【答案】c【解析】句意：我们很幸运地订到了房间，否则的话，我们现在就会无处可去了。or引导含蓄虚拟条件句，or后面是主句，相当于if we hadnt booked a room, we would have nowhere to stay now.，根据“now”可知，是对现在进行虚拟，因此用would+动词原形，故选c。1(2014大纲全国卷)although you_find bargains in london, its not generally a cheap place to shop. 【答案】can【解析】考查情态动词。句意：虽然你能在伦敦买到便宜货，但是一般来说那不是一个买便宜东西的地方。情态动词can表示理论上的可能性。2(2014重庆卷)i spent two weeks in london last summer.then you must have visited the british museum during your stay, _ you?【答案】didnt【解析】本题考查反意疑问句。句意：“去年夏天，我在伦敦度过了两个星期。”“那么，在此期间你肯定参观了英国博物馆，是不是？”must have done结构在句中表示对过去事情的推测，当句末有反意疑问的语气时，可分为两种情况：(1)句中没有明确的过去时间状语时，反意疑问句结构为“havent/hasnt.”；(2)句中有明确的过去时间状语时，反意疑问句结构为“didnt.？”。根据题干中的过去时间状语last summer以及during your stay可知，反意疑问句的结构应用第二种情况。3(2014湖南卷)if mr. dewey _(be) present, he would have offered any possible assistance to the people there.【答案】had been【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果dewey先生在场的话，他就会为那里的人提供任何可能的帮助。从主句中的“would have offered”可以看出，从句表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，故应用过去完成时。4(2014福建卷)_(there be) no modern telecommunications, we would have to wait for weeks to get news from around the world.【答案】were there5(2014四川卷)i still remember my happy childhood when my mother _take me to disneyland at weekends.【答案】would【解析】考查情态动词。句意：我仍然记得我的快乐的童年，那时母亲常会在周末带我去迪斯尼乐园。would可表示习惯性动作，译为“常会，总是”。6(2014安徽卷)people are recycling many things which they_(throw) away in the past.【答案】would have thrown【解析】考查情态动词have done。句意：现在人们回收利用很多他们过去会扔掉的东西。根据in the past可知，说的是过去的情况，对过去的情况的推测，应使用“情态动词完成式”。7(2014陕西卷)my book, the house of hades, is missing. who _ have taken it?【答案】could【解析】本题考查“情态动词have done”的用法。句意：我的书哈迪斯之屋不见了。会是谁把它拿走了呢？根据句意可知，这是对过去情况的推测，而且该句是疑问句，所以用could。8(2014天津卷)_(catch) the morning train, he would not have been late for the meeting.【答案】had he caught【解析】考查虚拟语气和倒装。句意：要是他赶上了上午的火车，他就不会开会迟到了。这是一个省略if的虚拟语气条件句，将句子还原后为if he had caught the morning train。主句中的would not have been late则暗示这里是对过去情况的假设，虚拟条件句中，如含有were，had，should，could等，且省略if时，常用倒装。9(2014浙江卷)they were abroad during the months when we were carrying out the investigation, or they_(come) to our help.【答案】would have come10(2014江苏卷)it was sad to me that they, so poor themselves, _bring me food.【答案】should【解析】本题考查情态动词的基本用法。句意：他们自己那么穷，_给我带来了食物，这让我(感动得)心里不好受。should可以用在that引导的从句中，跟在某些形容词或动词之后，表示“竟然，居然”，带有惊讶的语气。11(2013北京，35)you neednt take an umbrella.it isnt going to rain.well, i dont know.it_do.amight bneed cwould dshould【答案】a【解析】考查情态动词。第一个人说不会下雨，第二个人回答i dont know，因此可知，到底下不下雨是不能肯定的事情，故使用might表推测“有可能”。12(2013辽宁，31)harry is feeling uncomfortable.he_too much at the party last night.acould drink bshould drinkcwould have drunk dmust have drunk【答案】d【解析】考查情态动词。此处考查情态动词对过去发生事情的推测。句意：harry感觉不舒服。昨晚的聚会上他肯定喝得不少。对过去发生事情的肯定推测，用must have done，故选d。13(2013四川，5)why are your eyes so red？you_have slept well last night.yeah，i stayed up late writing a report.acant bmustnt cneednt dwont【答案】a14(2013天津，9)no one_ be more generous；he has a heart of gold.acould bmust cdare dneed【答案】a【解析】考查情态动词。句意：不可能有人比他更慷慨；他有一颗善良的心。cant/ couldnt表不可能，故答案选a。15(2013新课标，29)the door_open，no matter how hard she pushed.ashouldnt bcouldnt cwouldnt dmightnt【答案】c【解析】考查情态动词。此处描述主语the door的特点“老是打不开”，其固有的特性，用情态动词would(will)描述，故选c。16(2013北京，34)if we_a table earlier, we couldnt be standing here in a queue.ahave booked bbookedcbook dhad booked【答案】d【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果我们早点订桌的话，我们就不可能在这里站着排队了。可知if从句是对过去的虚拟，用过去完成时态。17(2013福建，30)do you think george has passed the driving test?no.if so，he _ his car to our college yesterday.awould drive bdrovecwould have driven dhad driven【答案】c【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意，如果这样的话(乔治已经通过驾照考试)，他昨天就驾车来我们大学了，可知是对过去的虚拟。if soif he had passed the driving test，主句使用情态动词 have done。故答案选c。18(2013陕西，12)my mom suggests that we _ eat out for a change this weekend.ashould bmight ccould dwould【答案】a19(2013浙江，8)eye doctors recommend that a childs first eye exam _ at the age of six months old.awas bbe cwere dis【答案】b【解析】考查虚拟语气。题干关键词为recommend，表示“推荐，建议”，后接宾语从句时应用(should)动词原形的虚拟语气，此处省去了should，故答案为b。20(2013安徽，28)i_to my cousins birthday party last night, but i was not available.awent bhad gonecwould go dwould have gone【答案】d【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：昨晚我本想要去参加我表亲的生日聚会，但我没空。选项中能表示对过去虚拟的只有d【答案】用情态动词过去式后加have done表示。【高考押题】 1. if you _ smoke, please go outside.acan bshouldcmust dmay答案：c。句意：如果你一定要吸烟，请到外面去。if you must do sth.“如果你一定要做某事”(表示虽不赞同，但允许)，为习惯用语。2why didnt you come to simons party last night?i wanted to, but my mom simply _ not let me out so late at night.acould bmightcwould dshould答案：c。本题考查情态动词。句意：昨天晚上你为什么没有参加西蒙的聚会？我想去，只是我妈妈不愿意让我晚上那么晚出去。would此处表示意愿，符合题意。could“可能”；might“可能，可以”；should“应当”。3 the police still havent found the lost child，but theyre doing all they _.acan bmaycmust dshould答案：a。本题考查情态动词。句意：警察还是没有找到那个走失的孩子，但是他们在尽最大努力。can表示能力，意为：能够。all they can同 all that they can do。4they _ have arrived at lunchtime but their flight was delayed.awill bcancmust dshould5i left my handbag on the train, but luckily someone gave it to a railway official.how unbelievable to get it back! i mean, someone_it.a. will have stolen b. might have stolenc. should have stolen d. must have stolen答案：b。本题考查情态动词have done。句意：我把手提包落火车上了，幸运的是，有人把它交给了列车人员。能拿回包来真是不可思议。我的意思是说，有人可能会把它偷走。will have done 为将来完成时，might have done有两层含义，一表示“过去可能干过”，二表示“过去本可能干而事实上没干”；should have done本应该干某事而事实上没干，must have done过去肯定干过。由语境可知b项正确，此处为might have done的第二层含义。6hows your new babysitter?we _ ask for a better one. all our kids love her so much.ashould bmightcmustnt dcouldnt答案：d。考查情态动词。句意：你家新来照看孩子的人怎么样？我们找了一个再好不过的了。我家孩子都很喜欢她。should “应该”；might “或许”；mustnt “不可以，表示禁止”；couldnt“不可能”。“couldnt/cant比较级”表示最高级意思，意为“再不过了”。7if you_go, at least wait until the storm is over.acanbmaycmustdwill答案：c。本题考查情态动词。句意：如果你一定要走，至少要等到暴风雨结束。can“可能”；may“可以”；must“必须”；will“将要”。根据句意，c项正确。8shall i inform him of the change of the schedule right now?i am afraid you_，in case he comes la