高三英语 定语从句复习课件大整理全国通用.ppt

grammar theattributiveclause keywords 定语从句 修饰名词和代词的从句 thisisthebestfilmthatihaveseen 定语从句 thebestfilm 先行词 that 关系词 thisisthebestfilmthatihaveseen 关系词 引导定语从句 代替先行词 在从句中担当一个成分 关系词的作用 1 2 3 beijingisthecitythat whichhasgotthechancetohostthe2008olympicgames beijing thecity getthechancetohostthe2008olympicgames attributiveclause定语从句定语从句 修饰某个名词或代词的从句先行词 被定语从句修饰的词关系代词 thatwhich who whom whose themanwholivesnexttoussellsvegetables themansellsvegetables helivesnexttous 先行词 关系代词 关系代词的作用 连接主句和从句 引导从句 在从句中指代先行词 在从句中充当成分 作主语或宾语 whowhomwhichthat 指人指物从句中充当 主语 宾语 宾语 主语 宾语 主语 宾语 关系代词何时能省略 作宾语时可省略 1 heisateacher ilikeverymuch 2 thosepictures weredrawnbytomarenice whom that who which that whose用法及转换形式 1 whose引导定语从句 其后应紧跟名词 构成名词短语 that sthechildwhosefatherisateacher doyouknowthewomanwhosehusbandisadoctor thisisabookwhosecoverisgreen 2 whose引导定语从句 其先行词不仅可以指人 还可以指物 需要注意的几个问题 a只能用that不能用which who的情况 先行词既有人又有物 istillrememberthepeopleandthethingsthatitalkedaboutwithmyfriend 先行词为不定代词 all few anything something nothing everything youmustdoeverythingthatido 先行词被序数词 adj最高级或theonly theverythelast等所修饰 heistheverypersonthatiamlookingfor 先行词被all little much any no every等修饰 常用that anymanthatwantstosucceedmustworkhard whoistheboy washerejustnow that 主句里已有who which 为避免重复 定语从句用that引导 6 当先行词在定语从句中作表语时 heisnolongertheboy hewas10yearsago that 关系副词引导的定语从句 关系副词在从句中分别表示时间 地点或原因状语 关系副词when在从句中充当时间状语 关系副词where在从句中充当地点状语 关系副词why在从句中充当原因状语 关系副词和先行词的关系 istillrememberthedaywhenicamehere thisisthehousewhereilivedlastyear therearemanyreasonswhypeopleliketraveling ontheday when inthehouse where forthereasons why 关系副词实际上是介词 先行词 1 i llneverforgetthedays weworkedtogether 2 i llneverforgetthedays wespenttogether 3 iwenttotheplaceiworkedtenyearsago 4 iwenttotheplace ivisitedtenyearsago 5 thisisthereason hewaslate 6 thisisthereason hegave when inwhich which where inwhich which why forwhich that which 几种易混的情况 及物动词 及物动词 及物动词 revision1theusageoftherelativepronoun who whom which that whose theusageoftherelativeadverb when where why time place reason adverbial adverbial adverbial iwillneverforgettheday ifirstwenttoschool iwillneverforgettheday wespentinbeijing thehouse wevisitedisbeingrepairednow thehouse luxunoncelivedisbeingrepairednow when which that which that where 2 先行词为all little much everything nothing something anything等不定代词 3 先行词被all little much every no 等修饰时 4 先行词被序数词或最高级修饰先行词前有序数词 thefirst 形容词最高级 thebest thelast thevery theonly等时 5 若主句中有疑问代词who或者which 为了避免重复 关系代词不要再用who which 而用that 只用that的情况 a that与which的区别 1 先行词为人和物的组合 b限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别 1chinaisacountrywhichhasalonghistory 2china whichwasfoundedin1949 isbecomingmoreandmorepowerful 限制性定语从句 1 形式上无逗号 2 意义上是先行词不可缺少的定语 因而不能删除 非限制性定语从句 1 形式上有逗号与主句隔开2 是对先行词的补充说明 删除后意思仍完整 3 关系词不用that且不能省 c介词 关系代词1 由先行词的习惯搭配或根据先行词的需要thespeedatwhichlighttravelsis300 000kmpersecond theroominwhichthereisablackboardistheirclassroom 介词可能是从句谓语的一个部分 或动词所需要的搭配don tbringchildrentoseetheanimalsofwhichtheyareafraid thisisthejobatwhichtheylaughed 3 表示所有关系或整体的一部分 常用ofwhichchinahashundredsofislands thelargestofwhichistaiwan ihavemanyfriends somearebusiness a ofthemb fromwhichc whoofd ofwhom d thisisthepen iwrotetheletter isthatthegirl youlentyourbicycle hereistheaddress youshouldwritethesearethethings ispokejustnow isthatthefish youaskedthewaiter withwhich towhich towhich aboutwhich forwhich d as与which引导的定语从句 两者均可引导非限制性定语从句 有时可以互换 但下列情况多用as 1 当与such或thesame连用时 一般用as e g suchbooksasyoutellmeareinteresting ihavethesameplanasyou 2 as引导的从句可以放在句首 as本身有 正如 正象 之意 与之连用的词有know see expect announce pointout等 e g asweallknow theearthisround 1 theearthisround isknowntoall 2 isknowntoall theearthisround which as as as具有 正如 之意 搭配的动词一般是固定的 如 asyouknow asyousee asweplanned asweexpected 结论 as which均可引导非限制性定语从句 as引导的从句可以放在句首 句中 句末 有 如 正象 之意 与之连用的词有know see expect announce pointout等 常用被动结构如asisannounced 据宣布 asisreported 据报道 asisexpected 正如所期待 料想的那样 不出所料 ashasbeenexplained 正如所解释的那样 关系词 1 关系代词 2 关系副词 1 指人 2 指物 3 指某一情况 that who whom whose that which whose which as 不能放于句首 放于句中或句首 正如 when where why 主语 宾语 状语 1 thisisall iknowaboutthematter a thatb whatc whod whether2 isthereanythingelse yourequire a whichb thatc whod what3 thelastplace wevisitedwasthegreatwall a whichb thatc whered it 考点一 that与which的区别 先行词为all little much everything nothing something anything等不定代词时 关系代词用 that 4 hetalkedhappilyaboutthemenandbooks interestedhimgreatlyintheschool a whichb thatc itd whom5 thereisnodictionary youcanfindeverything a thatb whichc whered inthat 6 isoxygentheonlygas helpsfireburn a thatb c whichd it 7 whichwasthehotel wasrecommendedtoyou a thatb whichc whered it 先行词为人和物的组合 先行词被all little much every no 等修饰时 先行词被序数词或最高级修饰先行词前有序数词 thefirst 形容词最高级 thebest thelast thevery theonly等时 若主句中有疑问代词who或者which 为了避免重复 关系代词不要再用who which 而用that 1 jimpassedthedrivingtest surprisedeverybodyintheoffice a whichbthatcthisd it 只用which的情况 1 逗号后面2 介词后面 2 theday hewasbornwasaug 20 1952 a onwhichbthatcwhichd this 考点二 介词 关系代词 提醒 介词 关系代词引导的定语从句 关键是判断介词的选择 方法一 根据从句中动词与先行词习惯搭配方法二 根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系 注意 关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时 从句常常由 介词 关系代词 引出 此时关系代词只能用which或whom 不可用that或who代替 themanisfrombeijinguniversity italkedabouthimatthemeeting theman who whom that italkedaboutatthemeetingisfrombeijinguniversity jointhemintoonesentence themanaboutitalkedatthemeetingisfrombeijinguniversity 关系代词紧跟在介词后面时 不能用that 也不能省略 常用which或whom 该介词通常可以放在关系代词之前 也可放在从句之尾 whom fillingblanks 1 theman youshookhandsjustnowisourheadmaster 2 theroom myfamilyliveusedtobeagarage withwhom inwhich 考点三whose用法及转换形式 1 whose引导定语从句 其后应紧跟名词 构成名词短语 that sthechildwhosefatherisateacher doyouknowthewomanwhosehusbandisadoctor thisisabookwhosecoverisgreen 2 whose引导定语从句 其先行词不仅可以指人 还可以指物 3 whose的先行词指物时 可用ofwhich代替 但词序不同 即whose 名词 the n ofwhich ofwhich the n helivesintheroomwhosewindowfacessouth helivesintheroom facessouth helivesintheroom facessouth thewindowofwhich ofwhichthewindow 考点四 as与which引导的定语从句 两者均可引导非限制性定语从句 有时可以互换 但下列情况多用as 1 当与such或thesame连用时 一般用as e g suchbooksasyoutellmeareinteresting ihavethesameplanasyou 2 as引导的从句可以放在句首 as本身有 正如 正象 之意 与之连用的词有know see expect announce pointout等 e g asweallknow theearthisround 1 wasnatural hemarriedjenny a whichb thatc thisd as2 suchsigns weuseintheexperiment greekletters a as areb as isc that ared that is 4 hasbeensaidabove grammarisasetofdeadrules a whichb whatc thatd as5 wedothesamework theydo a whichb asc thand like anyone breaksthelawispunished those breakthelawarepunished he breaksthelawispunished 在anyone those he she i they作先行词时 用 who 代替 that 考点五 that与who的区别 who who who 考点六 如何判断用关系副词还是关系代词 选用定语从句的关系词时 需注意两点 1 先行词2 关系词在从句中充当的成分 做主语 宾语 定语用 做状语用 关系代词 关系副词 iwillneverforgettheday ifirstwenttoschool iwillneverforgettheday wespentinbeijing thehouse wevisitedisbeingrepairednow thehouse luxunoncelivedisbeingrepairednow when which that which that where 考点七 定语从句中主谓一致问题定语从句中的动词在人称和数方面应该与它的先行词保持一致 1 iamnotonewho afraidofdifficulty 2 don tchooseme who notfitforthisjob is am 关系词 1 关系代词 2 关系副词 1 指人 2 指物 3 指某一情况 that who whom whose that which whose which as 不能放于句首 放于句中或句首 正如 when where why 主语 宾语 状语 3 thisisoneofthebestbooks a thathaveeverbeenwrittenb thathaseverbeenwrittenc thathaswrittend thathavewritten4 sheistheonlyoneofthegirls wellinclass a whichsingsb whosingc whosingsd whotosing 1 isthisfactory wevisitedlastweek d isthisthefactory wevisitedlastweek a whereb thatc towhichd theone b 解题关键 如果是疑问句式 将其转化为陈述句式 exercises 2 letmethinkofapropersituation thissentencecanbeused a whereb thatc ofwhomd which a 先行词是situation case scene 时 一般用where 最佳选择则是inwhich 3 shewillneverforgettheday shespentinbeijing a whenb whatc whichd why c shewillneverforgettheday shestayedwithhiminbeijing a 5 thecollegewon ttakeanyone eyesightisweak a whob whosec ofwhomd which b 6 those totakepartinthegamewritedownyournames a whob whowantc whowantsd what b 7 idon tlikeenglish iamnotinterested idon tlikeenglish grammarisdifficulttolearn ilikethishouse doorwayisjustenoughtoget ilikethishouse doorwayissmall a inwhichb whichc throughwhosed whose a d c d 8 i yourgoodfriend willtrymybesttohelpyouout a whoisb whatisc whatamd whoam d 9 whichofthetwocows youkeepproducesmoremilk a whichb thatc whatd as b 10 hiswalkingstick hecan twalk waslostyesterday a thatb withwhichc whichd withoutwhich d 13 hemustbefromafrica canbeseenfromhisskin a thatb asc whod what b 14 thisisthesamepen ilostyeste