高三英语高考Multiple choice 解题技巧课件(结构篇）.ppt

高考常见的几种 结构 multiplechoice解题技巧 一 独立主格结构 独立主格结构有一个独立的主格名词或代词 作逻辑主语 加上分词 现在分词或过去分词 形容词 副词 介词短语或不定式等构成 起状语作用 相当一个状语从句 1 theywillgoandvisitthezoo a weatherpermittingb weatherpermittedc weatherbeingpermittedd weatherhavingpermitted shanghai86 a iftheweatherpermits theywillgoandvisitthezoo 2 themeeting over wealllefttheroomanddrovehome shanghai87 a isb tobec beingd wouldbe c afterthemeetingwasover wealllefttheroomanddrovehome 独立主格结构还有以下几种构成方式 4种 1 名词 或主语代词 过去分词herushedintotheroom hisfacecoveredwithsweat 2 名词 或主语代词 形容词theweather being hot weallwentswimming 3 名词 或主语代词 介词短语flagonshoulder thesoldiersrushedtothetopofthebuilding 4 名词 或主语代词 副词theclass being over thestudentshandedintheirpapers practice 1 wedecidedtogoforanouting a weatherpermittingb weatherpermittedc iftheweatherisfined weatherbeingsofine d becausetheweatherwasfine wedecidedtogoforanouting iftheweatherpermits wewilldecidetogoforanouting 2 thereisnoschool a itissundayb itwassundayc itwillbesundayd itbeingsunday d itissunday sothereisnoschool becauseitissunday thereisnoschool 3 theexperiment theyleftthelaboratory a hadbeendoneb wasdonec havingdoned done d aftertheexperimentwasdone hadbeendone theyleftthelaboratory 4 thelastbus wehadtowalkhome a hasgoneb hadgonec goned havinggone d becausethelastbushadgone wehadtowalkhome 5 night westartedonourwayhome a settinginb setinc hadsetind hassetin a whennighthadsetin westartedonourwayhome 6 hewaslyingonthegrass hishands underhishead a crossingb crossedc werecrossingd werecrossed b hewaslyingonthegrassandhishandswerecrossedunderhishead 二 with 复合宾语 结构 这是独立主格的一种变形 也多作状语 表示伴随 状态 原因 条件等 有时还可作定语 形式为 with 名词 或代词 宾语补足语 1 themurdererwasbroughtin withhishands behindhisback a beingtiedb havingtiedc tobetiedd tiedmet91 d 2 formilesaroundmetherewasnothingbutadesert withoutasingleplantortree a insightb onearthc atadistanced inplace shanghai97 a 在该结构中 能作宾补的除以上的过去分词和介词短语外 还有副词 形容词 现在分词等 如 withtheoldmanleading thetwostartedtowardsthemountains thesquarelooksmorebeautifulthaneverwithallthelightson hewentawaywithoutawordmorespoken practice 1 withallthechildren athomeduringtheholidaysshehasagreatdealofworktodo a beingb werec havingbeend was a 2 allhisfriendsandmoneygone hefelttotallyhopeless a forb becauseofc withd butfor c becauseofallhisfriendsandmoneyhavinggone hefelttotallyhopeless 3 theyoungwomangotonthebus a babyinanarmb withababyinherarmsc withherbabyinarmd herbabyinthearm b babyinarm 三 动名词结构 一个动名词短语前可以加上一个物主代词或名词所有格 来表示这个动名词的逻辑上的主语 这种结构称为动名词结构 它通常用作主语 宾语 表语 1 howaboutthetwoofus awalkdownthegarden a totakeb takec takingd tobetaking met93 c 2 icanhardlyimaginepeter acrosstheatlanticoceaninfivedays a sailb tosailc sailingd tohavesailed met91 c 3 hehasalwaysinsistedonhis dr turnerinsteadofmr turner a beencalledb calledc havingcalledd beingcalled d 4 iwouldappreciate backthisafternoon a youtocallb youcallc yourcallingd you recalling nmet92 c 1 这一结构不处于句首 常常用人称代词宾格 或名词普通格 代替物主代词和名词所有格 idon tlikethemsmoking iremembermothertellingusastoryaboutafox 2 如果动名词的逻辑主语是无生命的东西 只用普通格 isthereanyhopeofourteamwinningthegame 3 当动名词有一个以上的逻辑主语 亦只用普通格 hesuggestedhanzandpaulgoingonacamping 1 theoldman s pityonthesnakeledtohisowndeath a takeb takingc beingd have b 2 tominsisted totheparty a onmetocomeb onmycomingc metocomed mecoming b 3 doesn tnecessarilymeanmybeingwrong a youarerightb youbeingrightc yourbeingrightd youtoberight c 4 madethesituationextremelyhardforus a liminghadleftb limingleftc liminghavingleftd liming shavingleft d 5 whatiworriedaboutwas a theynothavingstudiedwellb theyhadn tstudiedwellc theirnothavingstudiedwelld nottheirhavingstudiedwell c 四 疑问句 不定式 结构 疑问句 不定式 结构相当于一个名词 常用在tell advise show findout decide discuss learn forget等动词或介词后作宾语 1 lastsummeritookacourseon a howtomakedressesb howdressesbemadec howtobemadedressedd howdressestobemade met90 a 2 therearesomanykindsoftape recordersonsalethatican tmakeupmymind tobuy a whatb whichc howd where nmet92 b 该结构亦可作主语 且常作单数看待 whenandwheretobuildthenewfactory yet a isnotdecidedb arenotdecidedc hasnotdecidedd havenotdecided a hasnotbeendecided 1 thequestion hasbeenworryinghimrecently a whereistogob wheretogoc wheretogotod wherewashetogo b practice 2 wemustworkoutaplanon withtherubbishassoonaspossible a whattodob whattodealc howdoingd howdealing a 3 ididn tknow himornot a whethertohelpb iftohelpc tohelpd ifthatiwouldhelp a 4 doyouknow therepairs a todob howtodoc tomaked howtomake b 5 thisexperimentisknowntous a whotodob whomtodoc howtodod whattodo c 6 thequestionwas totakethechildrentothetheatreortoleavethemathome a howb howeverc ifd whether d 五 插入语结构 插入语一般仅对一句话作一些附加的解释和说明 而与句子的其他成分之间没有语法上的关系 常见的插入语结构有 ithink ihope i mafraid ibelieve isuppose yousee youknow doyouthink doyouknow 1 whichdoyouthinktastes thechickenorthefish a wellb goodc betterd best met96 c 2 wehaven theardfromjaneforalongtime whatdoyousuppose toher a washappeningb tohappenc hashappenedd havinghappened met91 c 此外一些不定式短语totellyouthetruth 现在分词短语strictlyspeaking judgingfrom by也可用作插入结构 1 fromthisfact hemustbeanhonestman a judgingb judgedc judgesd judge a practice judgingfrom by speakingof talkingof franklyspeaking 2 generallyspeaking the arerespectedbycommonpeople a learningb learnedc learnd beinglearn b learned博学的 3 whatdoyouthinkmademarysoupset hernewbicycle shanghai97 a asshelostb lostc losingd becauseoflosing c losinghernewbicyclemademarysoupset 六 therebe 结构 therebe 名词词组 状语 结构 1 noneedforustodiscusstheproblemagainsinceithasalreadybeensettled a ithasb therehasc itisd thereis shanghai91 d 2 acertaindoubtamongthestudentsastotheneces