第三部分 专题一 第一讲 名词和介词 专题训练.doc

第三部分 专题一 第一讲 名词和介词1.(2010天津高考)My father warned me _ going to the West Coast because it was crowded with tourists.Aby BonCfor Dagainst解析：本题考查介词辨析。句意：爸爸警告我不要去西海岸，因为那里挤满了游客。warn sb.against doing sth. warn sb.not to do sth.警告某人不做某事，故选D。答案：D2(2010上海高考)Sean has formed the habit of jogging _ the treelined avenue for two hours every day.Abetween BalongCbelow Dwith解析：考查介词辨析。句意：Sean已经养成了每天沿着林荫大道慢跑两个小时的习惯。between 在两者之间；along 沿着；below 在下方；with 与一起，用，随着。根据语境，选B。答案：B3(2010北京高考)Would you mind not picking the flowers in the garden？They are _ everyones enjoyment.Ain BatCfor Dto解析：本题考查介词的用法。句意：你可以不摘花园里的花吗？他们是供人欣赏的。in 在里面；at 在上；for 对，供，给；to 朝，对着。根据句意可判断C项正确。答案：C4(2010江西高考)Last year the number of students who graduated with a driving licence reached 200,000，a(n) _ of 40,000 per year.Aaverage BnumberCamount Dquantity解析：本题考查名词辨析。句意：去年毕业时就有驾照的学生数量已达到20万，平均每年4万。average平均，平均数；a number of许多，大量，修饰可数名词；an amount of许多，大量，与不可数名词连用；a quantity of许多，大量的，修饰可数和不可数名词。根据句意，选A。答案：A5(2010辽宁高考)I agree to his suggestion _ the condition that he drops all charges.Aby BinCon Dto解析：本题考查介词搭配。句意：我同意了他的建议，条件是他撤销所有的指控。on the condition that为固定搭配，意思是“条件是”。答案：C6(2010湖北高考)This restaurant has become popular for its wide _ of foods that suit all tastes and pockets.Adivision BareaCrange Dcircle解析：本题考查名词辨析。句意：这家餐馆很受欢迎，因为它提供各种食物，能满足各种口味和各种消费层次。division 区分，分开，除法，部门；area 区域，面积，范围；range一系列，(变动或浮动的)范围，界限；circle圆周，循环，社交圈。语境说能满足各种口味和消费层次，由此判断选C。答案：C7(2010湖北高考)After the earthquake，the first thing the local government did was to provide _for the homeless families.Aaccommodation BoccupationCequipment Dfurniture解析：本题考查名词辨析。句意：地震发生之后，当地政府所做的第一件事就是为无家可归的家庭提供住宿。accommodation住处，停留处，膳宿；occupation职业，占有期间，占有；equipment 设备，器材，装备，配备；furniture 家具。从语境的“地震之后”“失去家园的家庭”判断，本题选A表示提供“住宿”。答案：A8(2010湖北高考)It is illegal for a public official to ask people for gifts or money _ favors to them.Ain preference to Bin place ofCin agreement with Din exchange for解析：本题考查介词短语辨析。句意：作为政府官员，因为给人民做了好事就向他们索要礼物或者金钱，这是非法的。语境提到“给他们做好事”和“索取钱财礼物”，这二者之间的关系用in exchange for来描述，表示“交换”。in preference to 偏好，偏爱，更喜欢；in place of代替(某人/某事物)；in agreement with 协调，相合，一致。答案：D9(2011东北三校第一次联考) My father didnt have to say anything.I knew he was upset from his _.Alook BsightCappearance Dsign解析：考查名词辨析。句意：我父亲无须说什么，我从他的表情就知道他很难过。此处的look表示“表情”。后三项分别表示“视力，景象”“外貌”“标志，迹象”，都不符合题意。答案：A10(2011黑龙江检测)If youre looking for a _，you can make it when it is on sale.Aprice BbargainCcost Dbill解析：考查名词词义辨析。on sale表示“廉价出售”，因此应用bargain(特价商品)与之呼应。句意：如果你在寻找特价商品，减价出售时你就可以买到。答案：B11(2011福建龙岩检测)The door and the windows were all closed and there was no _ of forced entry.Ascene BsignalCsign Dsight解析：考查名词辨析。语意表示“门窗都关闭着，没有强力侵入的迹象”。这里sign表示“迹象”；scene表示“场景，景色”；signal表示“信号”；sight则表示“视野”。根据句意，选C项。答案：C12(2011南通一模)People in Los Angels have no idea of distance on the map，so they measure distance _ time not miles.Aby way of Bby means ofCfor lack of Don account of解析：本题考查短语。by way of经由，当作；by means of依靠，通过；for lack of因缺乏；因缺少；on account of由于；因为。根据句意：是通过时间而不是里数计算距离，故选B。答案：B13(2010南通二模)To keep safe _ an earthquake，you should remain at a spot in your room where nothing may fall on you.Ain search of Bin advance ofCin terms of Din case of解析：考查介词短语辨析。in search of寻找；in advance of在前面，超过；in terms of就而言；in case of万一，以防。句意：万一地震，为了保证你的安全，你最好待在一个不会有东西掉下来的地方。故选D。答案：D14(2010长沙二模)Being exposed for a long time _ strong sunlight might seriously damage your skin.Ain BunderCto Dover解析：考查介词的固定搭配。be exposed to sth.为固定搭配，意思是“暴露于，遭受”。去掉干扰成分for a long time即可迅速找出答案。答案：C15(2010黑龙江检测)Ballet is not popular _ our city because most people think it is too expensive to take the classes.Ain BwithCamong Don解析：考查介词。语意表示“芭蕾在我们市不太流行”，in 表示“在地方”。此题考生会误选B和C项，be popular with/among sb.表示“受欢迎”，介词后面接人。答案：A.单项填空1(20113月济南模拟)Many people in Haiti died from the earthquake because they didnt have _ to immediate rescue.Aaccess BadmissionCapproach Dattention解析：考查名词辨析。句意：海地有许多人死于地震，因为他们没有得到及时的援救。have access to可以获得或使用(机会、权利等)。答案：A2(2011潍坊教学质量抽样监测)I am really a bit worried because I have no idea what my parents _ will be to my poor examination result.Aexpression BreactionCappearance Dexpectation解析：考查名词辨析。句意：我真的有点担心，因为我不知道我父母对我不好的考试结果会是什么反应。expression表情；reaction反应；appearance外表；expectation期望。答案：B3(2011烟台四校联考)We didnt have enough money to pay our bus fare，and in _ we had to walk.Aconsequence BadditionCgeneral Dpurpose解析：考查固定搭配。句意：我们没有足够的钱付车费，因此我们只能步行了。in consequence 结果，因此，符合题意；in addition(besides)另外；in general 通常，大体上，一般而言；on purpose 故意地。答案：A4(2010济宁市第二次联考) The _ to the environment has helped many animals to escape from their enemies and fit in with the surroundings.Aadaptation BadoptionCrecreation Dfoundation解析：考查名词辨析。句意：适应环境的能力使很多动物能逃脱其敌人，并且适应周围的环境。根据句意判断选A，表示“适应，适应性”。B项“收养，采用，推选”；C项“娱乐，消遣”；D项“建立，基础”。答案：A5(2010苏锡常镇四市教学调查)If you live near the lake，_are that you will hear birds singing to welcome the new day.Afacts BchancesCsituations Dpossibilities解析：考查名词的习惯用法。Chances are that.是固定句式，意思是“可能会”。其他几个词不符合搭配习惯。答案：B6(2010陕西教学质量检测)There is no _ in going to school for the students merely to learn some facts.Adoubt BmindCpoint Dwonder解析：考查名词辨析。固定句式There is no point in doing sth.表示“做是没有必要的”，其他搭配不正确，所以这里选C项。答案：C7(2011浙江金华十校3月联考)The conference has been held to discuss the _ of global warming on peoples lives all over the world.Aimportance BeffectsCprotection Dattitudes解析：考查名词辨析。effect 意思是“影响”，即讨论全球气候变暖对人们生活的影响。其他选项不合题意。importance 意思是“重要性”；protection意思是“保护”；attitude意思是“态度”。答案：B8(2010福建毕业班检查)Any help from you will be greatly appreciated.Please give me a reply at your earliest _.Ainterruption BinstructionCconsideration Dconvenience解析：考查名词辨析。这里表示“请在你方便的时候尽早给我回复”，at your earliest convenience 是固定表达，表示“在你方便的时候请尽早”，符合语意。interruption“打断”；instruction“指导，指示”；consideration“考虑”。答案：D9(20113月济南模拟)Going to work today，Brenda?No.Its my day _ today.Aout BinCaway Doff解析：考查介词辨析。语意：今天我休息。Its ones day off.是固定用法。答案：D10(2011潍坊质量监测)Mr.Clark working in our company is from the United States. But he is a Canadian _.Aby origin Bby natureCby source Dby history解析：考查介词短语。句意：在我们公司工作的克拉克先生是从美国来的。但论出身，他是加拿大人。by origin论出身，就来源而言；by nature就本质而言，天生地。答案：A11(2010青岛市联合模拟)We should talk about the things _ the childrens understanding in a simple way.Aover BbeyondCabove Dunder解析：考查介词辨析。句意：我们应当用一种简单的方式谈论超出儿童理解能力的事物。D项不符合句意；above和over一般描述位置；beyond“超过，非所能及”，符合句意。答案：B12(2010南京第三次模拟)The company has changed some of its working practices _ complaints and criticism from the customers.Ain respect to Bin return forCin exchange for Din response to解析：本题考查固定短语。从句意可知公司作出的调整是对顾客的投诉和批评的回应，in response to 对作出回应，符合句意。答案：D13(2010南京第二次模拟)After running for a mile yesterday，I was almost _，not feeling bad，though.Aout of shape Bout of breathCout of control Dout of order解析：考查介词词组辨析。语意表示“昨天跑了一英里后，我上气不接下气”，out of breath“上气不接下气”，符合语意。out of shape表示“走样的，身体不佳”；out of control表示“失控”；out of order 表示“发生故障”。答案：B14(2010杭州市第二次教学质量检测)After the quarrel，I tried all my best to remove the misunderstanding between us，but all my efforts seemed _.Ain vain Bin caseCin time Din trouble解析：考查固定短语辨析。句意：争吵过后，我尽力去消除我们之间的误会，但是我的努力看起来都白费了。in vain“白费地，徒劳无益地”；in case“免得，以防”；in time 及时；in trouble处于困境。故选A。答案：A15(2010浙江金华十校3月联考)Many of the scientists and engineers are judged _ how great their achievements are.A.in spite of Bin charge ofCin favor of Din terms of解析：考查介词短语。in spite of意思是“不顾”；in charge of意思是“负责，管理”；in favor of意思是“支持，赞同”；in terms of意思是“根据，就而言”。根据题干内容可知，D项符合语境。即依据他们所取得的成就来评定。答案：D16(2011海南五校联考)Mr.Li has some trouble sleeping，so drinking a glass of milk before going to bed every night is his common _.Apractice BknowledgeCexperience Dduty解析：考查名词辨析。因此每晚睡前喝一杯牛奶是他通常的做法。common practice“通常的做法”，符合题意。答案：A17(2010浙江金华十校3月联考)If you ask why I plan to study in the United States，the only answer is that it is a(n) _ for me.Apuzzle BadvantageCchallenge Daverage解析：考查名词辨析。challenge意思是“挑战”，即选择在美国学习的理由是因为这样做具有挑战性。其他选项不合语境。puzzle 意思是“困惑”；advantage 意思是“优点，优势”；average意思是“平均数”。答案：C18(2010南京第三次模拟)Most pop music is influenced，_ a greater or less degree，by the blues.Ato BonCfor Dwithin解析：本题考查介词。degree通常与to搭配，to a degree达到某种程度。句意：大部分流行音乐都或多或少地受到布鲁斯音乐的影响。答案：A19(2010苏锡常镇四市教学调查)I can tell you nothing else about the new film _ what youve already known.Arather than Bas well asCin spite of Dapart from解析：考查短语辨析。apart from意思是“除了”。关于那部新电影，除了你已经知道的情况外，我没有什么可以告诉你的了。rather than意思是“而不是”；as well as意思是“和一样，也”；in spite of意思是“不顾，不管”。答案：D20(2010东北三省四市联考)Putting the worries out of her mind，Mary turned her efforts _ the evening meal.Ato BbeyondCoff Dinside解析：考查介词。turn to是固定搭配，表示“(把注意力等)转向”。答案：A.完形填空(2011合肥第二次教学检测)Kindness is the golden chain by which society is bound together.However，I was not thinking about the golden chain when I had to help people who _1_ their way and parked in front of my house.I was growing tired of helping so many people.Almost every _2_ I was awaken during a sound nights sleep and had to _3_ someone out.Many times I was _4_ by some penniless motorists who did not even thank me for the help that they received and some even complained that I could have done _5_ .One day，a young man with a weekold beard climbed out of a _6_ automobile.He had no money and no food.He asked if I could give him some _7_ ，offer him gasoline and a meal.I told him that if he wanted to work for me，he could cut the grass，but _8_ the work wasnt necessary.Though sweaty and hungry，he worked hard.After working all day，he sat _9_ to cool himself.I thanked him for his work and gave him the money he _10_ .I then offered him some _11_ money for the task particularly well done, but he shook his head，_12_ .I never saw him again.He probably thought I helped him out that day，but that is not the _13_ it was.I didnt help him，whereas he helped me to _14_ people again to repay their trust in me.He helped me to once again want to do something for those who are _15_ .I wish I could thank him for _16_ some of my belief in the basic _17_ of others and for giving me back a little of the _18_ I had lost.Because of him，I once again felt myself part of a golden chain of kindness that _19_ us to others.I may have fed his body that day，but he fed my _20_ .1A.fought BfoundCmade Dlost解析：根据第二段可知，经常有一些迷路的人向作者问路。因此选D。答案：D2A.morning BafternoonCnight Devening解析：根据空处后面的内容可知，几乎每天晚上都要被人吵醒。答案：C3A.bring BhelpCcarry Ddrive解析：help sb.out意思是“帮助某人摆脱(困境)”。答案：B4A.taken for granted Bput up withCturned down Dtaken up with解析：take.for granted意思是“认为理所当然”。一些身无分文的汽车司机认为我理所当然应该帮助他们。put up with“容忍，忍受”；turn down“拒绝，关小”；take up with“和交往”。答案：A5A.less BmoreCworse Denough解析：有些人甚至抱怨我本应该为他们提供更多的帮助。答案：B6A.fashionable BfamousCflashy Dshabby解析：fashionable “流行的”；famous“著名的”；flashy“浮华的”；shabby意思是“破旧的”。根据后面一句话可知，这个人比较穷，因此D项正确，即他开的车很破。答案：D7A.money BfoodChelp Dwork解析：后面一句话中if he wanted to work for me是答案提示。他让我给他安排一些工作，给他提供汽油和一顿饭。答案：D8A.actually BspeciallyCparticularly Dgenerally解析：根据语境可知，事实上(actually)修剪草坪的工作不必要做。specially“专门地”；particularly“特别，尤其”；generally“普遍地，一般地”。答案：A9A.in the sun Bin the shadeCin the field Din the car解析：根据前面的sweaty可知，此处表示工作一天后，他坐在阴凉处(in the shade)乘凉。答案：B10A.asked BbeggedCneeded Dcharged解析：联系上文He had no money可知，此处表示我感谢他为我所做的工作并给了他需要的钱。答案：C11A.old BextraCsmall Dgood解析：因为他工作干得特别好，我给他一些额外的(extra)钱。答案：B12A.accepted BreceivedCrefused Ddenied解析：由前面的he shook his head可知，他拒绝接受我多给他的钱。答案：C13A.situation BthingCissue Dway解析：way表示方式。他可能认为我那天帮助了他，但其实事情不是那样(the way)的。situation“情况，局面”；thing “东西，事件”；issue“(特别重要或大众关注的)议题，问题”。答案：D14A.believe in Bwatch overClook after Dcare about解析：他帮助我重新信任他人，以回报他们对我的信任。believe in“信赖，信任”；watch over“照管，监视”；look after“照顾，照料”；care about“关心”。答案：A15A.in trouble Bin danger Cin tears Din fear解析：根据上文可知，他帮助我让我重新想为那些遇到麻烦的人做些事情。in trouble“处于困境中，有麻烦”符合语境。in danger“在危险中”；in tears “流着泪”；in fear“害怕地”。答案：A16A.forgetting BlosingCrestoring Dfinding解析：restore意思是“恢复，修复”。根据上下文，尤其是本句后面的giving me back可知，他帮我恢复了一些信念：相信别人的善意。其他选项不符合语境。答案：C17A.goodness BhappinessCpleasure Dnature解析：goodness与本文首句的Kindness相照应，即人们的善意。答案：A18A.weakness BstrengthCoptimism Dpessimism解析：optimism意思是“乐观”，帮助我恢复了一点自己所遗失的乐观。答案：C19A.adapts BadjustsCdevotes Dconnects解析：因为他，我再一次感到自己是善意黄金链的一部分，善意将人们联系(connects)在一起。这里与文章的第一句话相照应。答案：D20A.heart BsoulChead Dmouth解析：soul意思是“心灵，内心”，与前半句的body形成对比。我可能让他填饱了肚子，但他让我的心灵充实。答案：B.阅读理解(2011福州质量检测)Today most Chinese teenagers are happy to be favored by two parents and four grandparents in their families.But have you ever thought about how to take care of four to twelve old people when you grow up and get married？This could be a problem for most Chinese youths as China is entering a new stage of an aging society.An aging society refers to one where 10 percent or more of its population is over 60.By the end of 2007，Chinese over 60 years old have made up 11.7 percent of the nations total population.“China is getting old before becoming rich，”said Cai Chuang，a professor at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences.The population increase that has powered Chinese growth for three decades will give way over the next ten years to a rapid aging of the society.This will lead to weaker economic growth，because of a lack of labor resources.As a result of the family planning policy，it is expected that the countrys total working population will decrease after 2015.China is not the only country getting old.More than 60 countries have become aging societies and one in three people in the European Union is a senior citizen.However，experts said that China doesnt have a highly developed social security network to support the old.Social security is an insurance program protecting those in need，including the old，the disabled and others.1An aging society is a society that _.Aless than 10% of its population is over 60B10% or more of its pop