高考英语语法填空和阅读理解精品练习（3） (2).doc

2016高考英语语法填空和阅读理解精品练习（3）阅读理解。a recent study of ancient and modern elephants has come up with the unexpected conclusion that the african elephant is divided into two distinct(不同的) species.the discovery was made by researchers at york and harvard universities when they were examining the genetic relationship between the ancient woolly mammoth and mastodon to modern elephantsthe asian elephant, african forest elephant, and african savanna elephant.once they obtained dna sequences (序列)from two fossils (化石), mammoths and mastodons, the team compared them with dna from modern elephants. they found to their amazement that modern forest and savanna elephants are as distinct from each other as asian elephants and mammoths.the scientists used detailed genetic analysis to prove that the african savanna elephant and the african forest elephant have been distinct species for several million years. the divergence of the two species took place around the time of the divergence of asian elephants and woolly mammoths. this result amazed all the scientists. there has long been debate in the scientific community that the two might be separate species, but this is the most convincing scientific evidence so far that they are indeed different species.previously, many naturalists believed that african savanna elephants and african forest elephants were two populations of the same species, despite the elephants significant size differences. the savanna elephant has an average shoulder height of 3.5 metres while the forest elephant has an average shoulder height of 2.5 metres. the savanna elephant weighs between six and seven tons, roughly double the weight of the forest elephant. but the fact that they look so different does not necessarily mean they are different species. however the proof lay in the analysis of the dna.alfred roca, assistant professor in the department of animal sciences at the university of illinois, said, “we now have to treat the forest and savanna elephants as two different units for conservation purposes. since 1950, all african elephants have been conserved as one species. now that we know the forest and savanna elephants are two very distinctive animals, the forest elephant should become a bigger priority (优先) for conservation purposes.”本文讲述了一项新的科学发现：通过对非洲森林大象和非洲草原大象dna的鉴定，科学家们得出结论：它们是两种不同的物种。我们要保护这些珍稀动物。1one of the fossils studied by the researchers is that of _athe asian elephant bthe forest elephant cthe savanna elephant dthe mastodon elephant 答案：d。细节理解题。由第3段第一句话“.two fossils，mammoths and mastodons.”可知d项正确。2the underlined word “divergence”in paragraph 4 means “_ ”aevolution bexhibition cseparation dexamination 答案：c。词义猜测题。科学家门一直在证明非洲森林大象和非洲草原大象是两种不同的物种，他们之间的分歧使科学家们大为惊讶。3the researchers conclusion was based on a study of the african elephants _.adna bheight cweight dpopulation答案：a。细节理解题。由倒数第二段最后一句话“however the proof lay in the analysis of the dna”可知。4what are alfred rocas words mainly about?athe conservation of african elephants.bthe purpose of studying african elephants.cthe way to divide african elephants into two units.dthe reason for the distinction of african elephants.答案：a。推理判断题。由文章最后一段“.for conservation purposes”可知a项正确。5which of the following can be the best title for the passage?anaturalists beliefs about elephantsbamazing experiments about elephantscan unexpected finding about elephantsda long scientific debate about elephants答案：c。主旨大意题。全文讲述了关于非洲大象的一项意外的发现。【2015高考复习】阅读理解 as china becomes increasingly urbanized (城市化的)，it has to find space for its urban and rural citizens as both groups become increasingly integrated. experts suggest a possible model way may be reinventing a “garden city”chinas megacities are bursting at the borders and the country is now undergoing the quickest and biggest urbanization in the history of mankind. it is estimated that by 2025, china will have 400 million more people living in its cities, raising its urban population to 900 million. besides, new satellite towns are mushrooming on the urban fringes while city ring roads are rippling outwards into the countryside at amazing speed. satellite maps collected by professor joshua bolchover at the university of hong kong bring the problem sharply into focus. they track the changing ruralurban framework in the past 30 years, and suggest that cities are cruelly destroying surrounding rural land and rapidly reducing the amount of arable(可耕种的)land, which gives way to new residential blocks, new industrial zones, new financial centers and the other inevitable signs and signatures of economic growth.this, however, is not sustainable growth pattern, especially when china has the worlds largest population to feed. so concerned urban planners are starting to note the social and physical effects of diaspora(大移居)when replaced rural communities are forced into the cities.on the other hand, a trend of thought is gradually taking shape and this is the concept of the “garden city”， a combination of country and city that is being proposed by architects and city planners. hua li, from tao architects, is among the many professionals with such a voice. his argument is supported by a longterm study on this subject. as hua says, the answer is to preserve patches of productive farmland within urban boundaries. less transportation means we have fresh agricultural products at lower costs and less carbon emission in the city. and urban farmland can also be showcased for agricultural tourism and education.the concept is already practiced at grass roots level.agriculture has gone into the air, up to roof and balcony in some communities in the cities. its common to see organic “hanging garden” on the roof of some traditional courtyard home. according to some people, the rooftop project translates into practical benefits, such as safe, nutritious vegetables and a cooler home in summer. some say thanks to the tomatoes they plant that are natural insect killers, therere fewer mosquitoes. apart from these, it also contributes to better bonding with neighbors. zhang, a doctor in beijing, began creating his hanging garden five years ago. since his garden became home to 30 kinds of vegetables and fruitall enough to feed his family, neighbors have enjoyed dropping by for a relaxing chat or just to see how well the lovely vegetables and fruit are growing.although people like zhang are still rare and the greening of roof space with vegetables and fruit takes skill and energy，with more positive media exposure and advanced technology there is the prospect that garden city will become common practice in the near future. by then, cities will no longer look so gray when seen from the satellites.【语篇解读】 中国的城市化进程不断加快，这是一个我们不得不面对的现实。如果不能较好地应对，这对我们来说将是个灾难。城市和农村将如何融合共生？1some experts suggest reinventing a “garden city” because_.ait is the only model way to save the citiesbit helps stop destroying the rural areascincreasing urbanization takes place in chinadchina has the largest population to feed解析细节理解题。根据第一段第一句的内容可知，专家提议重建花园城市是因为中国的城市化进程在不断加快。答案c2what is the purpose of paragraph 2?ato show the experts concern about the increase of population.bto persuade people into supporting economic growth in cities.cto explain the reasons for the change of ruralurban framework.dto inform the readers of the consequences of quick urbanization.解析推理判断题。根据第二段的描述可知，中国城市化进程不断加快，由此导致可耕地的大面积减少。故第二段的目的在于告知读者城市化进程所带来的后果。答案d3in hua lis opinion, a combination of country and city will_.abenefit the environment and lower living costsbbecome a project that needs a longterm studyclead to more rural communities being replaceddattract more farmers to take tours in cities解析细节理解题。根据第四段倒数第二句“less transportation means we have fresh agricultural products at lower costs and less carbon emission in the city.”可知，城乡结合既保护了环境又降低了生活成本。答案a4as for the concept of the“garden city”，the writer feels_.adesperate bhopefulcdisappointed dconcerned解析态度意图题。根据最后一段中的“there is the prospect that garden city will become common practice in the near future”可知，作者认为花园城市的构想是可行的，在不久的将来会成为现实，故作者对此充满希望。答案b语法填空。阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当内容(不多于3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。【全国新课标卷题型】many people think teachers give pupils too_1_homework. they say that it is _2_(necessary) for children to work at home in their free time._3_， they argue that most teachers do not properly plan the homework tasks they give to pupils. the results are_4_pupils have to repeat tasks which they have already done at school.recently in greece many parents complained about the difficult homework_5_(give) to their children. the parents said that most of the homework was useless, and they wanted to stop it. spain and turkey are two countries which_6_(stop) homework recently. in denmark, germany and several other countries in europe, teachers cannot set homework at weekends. in holland, teachers allow pupils to stay at school to do their homework. the children are free to help one_7_. similar arrangement also exists in some british schools. most people agree that homework is not fair. a pupil who can do his homework in a quiet and comfortable room is in a much_8_(good) position than a pupil who does his homework in a small, noisy room with the television_9_. some parents are ready to help their children with their homework. but other parents even take_10_interest at all in their childrens homework.1_ 2._ 3._ 4._ 5._6_ 7._ 8._ 9._ 10._答案：1much这里是太多的家庭作业，homework是不可数名词。2unnecessary他们认为老师留的作业太多了，所以他们认为这是没有必要的。3moreover此处表示他们还认为老师们没有好好地计划作业。4thatthat引导表语从句。5given此处是given过去分词做后置定语。6stopped此处是过去时态。7anotherone another互相。8better前面有much，修饰形容词比较级。9on指电视机开着用on。10no根据意义是“不感兴趣”。语法填空。阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当内容(不多于3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。【辽宁卷题型】mike：so how is_1_in the apartment? is the bedroom air conditioner working well?helen: wel