09高三英语作文训练之四：作文常用句型.ppt

书面表达常用句型 书面表达常用句型一 系表结构七 感叹句结构二 主谓结构八 疑问句结构三 主谓宾结构九 否定式结构四 双宾语结构十 并列句结构五 复合宾语结构十一 复合句结构六 祈使句结构十二 强调句结构 一 系表结构主语 系动词 表语notes1 常用的系动词有 1 静态 表性质 特征 状态 beseemremainappear2 动态 表变化 becomegoturngetgrow3 感官 表示感觉 looksoundtastefeelsmell 2 可以用做表语的有 1 名词2 名词性物主代词3 不定代词4 人称代词5 形容词6 数词7 副词8 动词不定式 短语 9 动名词 短语 10 现在分词 短语 11 过去分词 短语 12 介词短语13 从句 e g 1 smithwasthebossofagarage 2 isthispenyours 3 thisissomethingyoushouldalwayskeepinmind 4 itisshewhoissingingnextdoor 5 allthewallsarewhite6 mysonwillbefourteennextyear 7 classisover 8 hiswishistobecomeascientist 9 herfavoritesportinsummerisswimming 10 thenewswasexciting 11 theywerenotdiscouraged 12 weareallagainsttheproposal 13 heisnolongerwhatheusedtobe 3 常用句型 1 it be n todo2 it be adj todo3 it be n for ofsb todo4 it be n doing5 it be adj doing6 it be n clause7 it be adj clause8 there be s e g 1 itisapitytohearthat 2 itisnoteasytomasteraforeignlanguage 3 itisabigmistakeforhertohaveboughttheclothes 4 itwashardforhimtosupportsuchabigfamily 5 itisnousegoingtheretoday 6 it suselesskeepingbookswithoutreadingthem 7 it sapitythatsheisout 8 itistruethathehaspassedtheexamination 9 shelookshappytoday 10 thelittlegirlfeltshy 11 it sgettingdark 12 therewillbeanewplayatthetheatretomorrow 二 主谓结构主语 不及物动词 谓语 状语 notes 1 谓语动词之后有时可以不带任何成分 2 状语可以是名词 副词 介词短语 不定式短语 分词短语 从句等 3 常见句型 1 s vi 2 s vi n 3 s vi adv 4 s vi prep ph 5 s vi todo 6 s vi doing7 s vi forsb sth todosth 8 it seem appear adj n todohappen9 it seem clauseappear10 there vi s e g thesunhasrisen theyworkeddayandnight theyallwentout shecameintothelibrary hegotupearlytocatchthefirstbus shestoodsmilingatme itseemedimpossibletosolvetheproblem 8 shewaitedforherhusbandtocomeback 9 ithappenedthattheywereoutwhenwecalledonthemthatevening 10 itseemsthattheboyhasrealizedtheimportanceoflearningaforeignlanguage 11 long longagotherelivedaking 三 主谓宾结构主语 及物动词 谓语 宾语notes 1 vi prep vt 2 可以做宾语的有 名词 代词 数词 动词不定式 动名词 从句等 常见句型 1 s vt n 2 s vt pron 3 s vt num 4 s vt adv n pron 5 s vt todo6 s vt whether wh todo 三 主谓宾结构 7 s vt doing8 s vt objectclause9 s vt object prep ph 10 s vt it prep ph thatclause11 s vt object todo12 it vt object todo13 s vt it adj n forsb todo e g 1 sheiswateringtheflowers 2 helovesherverymuch 3 whoareyougoingtotakethesethree 4 shecouldn tkeepbackhertears shecouldn tkeephertearsback 5 shedecidedtogiveitup 6 hetriedtodoagooddeedeachday 7 shehardlyknowshowtowriteacomposition 8 iwonderedwhethertostayortoleave 9 irememberseeinghersomewherebefore 10 ihear that shehascomeback 11 iagreetowhathehassaid 12 hedidn tknowwhosesideheshouldtake 13 wespendalotofmoneyonbooks 14 heexplainedittohisstudentsthathewasillthatday 15 heenteredtheroomtolookforhispencil box 16 ittookmorethantenyearstobuildthehouses 17 ithinkitnecessary forhim tolearnaforeignlanguage 四 双宾语结构主语 及物动词 谓语 间接宾语 直接宾语 notes 1 不是所有的及物动词之后都可由双宾语 可用于此句型的动词有以下三类 1 givetellteachwritebringlendhandshowsendofferpaypassallow2 buydogetfetchsavemakesingchoose3 askanswer 2 1 vt d o to i o 2 vt d o for i o 3 vt d o 1 d o 23 常用句型 1 s vt d o i o 2 s vt d o to for i o 3 s vt i o clause4 ittake o n pron n pron todo5 sth cost sb n e g 1 hegavemesomebeautifulpictures 2 hehandedthepursetotheteacher 3 wouldyoufetchsomewaterforthechildren 4 shetoldthestudents that theoldmanwasherfather 5 we llshowyouwhoseorderitis 6 ittookhimquitesometimetofindtheelephantatall 7 thenewbikecosthim300yuan 五 复合宾语结构主语 及物动词 谓语 复合宾语 notes 1 复合宾语是指 宾语 宾语补足语 宾语和其补足语之间存在着逻辑上的主谓关系 2 可作宾语补足语的有 名词 形容词 副词 介词短语 动词不定时 现在分词 过去分词 3 常见句型 1 s vt n pron n paingetbeatfind2 s vt drive n pron adj wishproveleavemake feelhearlistentomakelet7 s vt see object dolookatwatchnoticeobserve8 s vt object doing feelfind3 s vt make it n adj for ofsb todo doingthinkconsider4 s vt adj n thatclausen 5 s vt pron tobe adj n clause6 s vt object todo 9 s vt object done10 s vt object w todo11 s vt object adv 12 s vt sb one s doing13 s vt object prep ph e g 1 weelectedhimmonitorofourclass 2 theboykickedthedooropen 3 ithinkitfoolishofhimtobelieveher 4 wethoughtitbetterforyoutotakethemedicineintime 5 hehadmadeitarulenevertocasthisnetmorethanthreetimesaday 6 iconsideritapitythathehasgivenupstudyingenglish 7 wefoundhertobemad 8 hewantedhertobeadancer 9 hebelieveswhatshesaidtobetrue 10 thedoctoradvisedhimtohaveanoperation 11 thebossmadetheworkersworklonghours 12 wefoundtheboycryinginthestreet 13 haveyoueverheardthissongsunginenglish 14 thefarmersshowedushowtocutwheat 15 didyoufindthemin 16 doyoumindme myclosingthewindow 17 theyforcedherintotheroom 六 祈使句结构 1 do 2 be predictive 3 don t do 4 don t be predictive5 let object do e g 1 comein please 2 passherapieceofpaper 3 beagoodboy 4 becarefulnottotouchit 5 don treadinamovingbus 6 don tbesosilly 7 let shavearest 8 lettheboyin please 七 感叹句结构 1 what adj n s v 2 how adj adv s v 3 how s v 4 how adj a an n s v e g 1 whatasillyboyheis 2 whatterribleweatherwearehaving 3 howhardtheyareworking 4 howwonderfultobeinvitedtoapalaceball 八 疑问句结构 1 一般疑问句 1 be s predictive 2 be there s have3 has s object had dobe4 have s do willshallcanmay5 must s do needdare e g 1 weretheybusyyesterday 2 wasthereapinetreebesidethehouse 3 haveyou got anyredink 4 isshelyinginbed 5 didtomgotherewithyou 6 dareyousayitagain 2 特殊疑问句1 作主语的疑问词 陈述语序 who which what 2 作定语修饰主语的疑问词 陈述语序 what which whose howmany much 3 疑问词 作定语 表语 状语 一般疑问语序 e g 1 whocametoschooltheearliestyesterday 2 whichbookisyours 3 whatareyoudoing 4 wheredidyougoyesterday 3 选择疑问句 1 一般疑问句 or 另一供选择部分 2 一般疑问句 or not 3 特殊疑问句 aorb e g 1 doyoulikesportsormusic 2 doyoulikesportsornot 3 whichisbigger thesunorthemoon 4 反意疑问句 助动词1 陈述句肯定结构 系动词的否定式 人称代词 情态动词助动词2 陈述句否定结构 系动词的肯定式 人称代词 情态动词e g 1 youaretired aren tyou 2 youwouldn tleaveforlong willyou 九 否定式结构 1 s be not predictive e g heisnotanengineer haveno2 s has nota object hadanye g ihavenobrother no3 there be nota s notanye g thereisn tabookonthetable 4 s do does did not doe g hedidn tcometoschoolyesterday 5 s 助动词 not doe g 1 heisnotcrying 2 ishallnotaskhimforhelp 6 s 情态动词 not doe g youneedn tworry todo7 not doing donee g 1 notknowingthetruth hescoldedher 2 iregrettednotattendingthemeeting 3 wesaidsonottoflatter 奉承 him allboth8 not each部分否定everythewhole完全否定分别用 none neither nothing nobody noone e g 1 alltheanswersarenotcorrect 2 everythingdoesn tgowell 3 shehasn tdonethejobcompletely 4 nobodycanworkitout 5 noneofthestudentsisfromshanghai 9 由nor neither构成否定承接句 neither nor 助 系 情态动词 s note 如果前句两个或两个以上动词不属同类 时态不一致或既有肯定又有否定 则套用句型 itis wasthesamewith s e g 1 idon tlikethefilm nordoesshe 2 hehasnotime neitherhavei 10 由hardly seldom rarely never little few等构成的含否定意义的句子 e g 1 hehardlywentoutshopping 2 fewofthemknowscience 十 并列句结构 1 由并列词或逗号 分号把两个或两个以上 具有逻辑关系的简单句连接为一体 就构成了并列句 2 常用的并列连词有 and 和 or 否则 but 可是 但是 for 因为 so 因此 either or 不是 就是 neither nor 既不 也不 notonly butalso 不但 而且 3 常用的副词有 yet 但是 however 然而 therefore 所以 note 此类词前常有逗号或分号与前句分开 e g 1 hurryup it sgoingtorain 2 hehadtocomebackhome hewantedsomemoney 3 tearsappearedinhereyes buthedidn tnoticeit 4 springcameandthetreesturnedgreen 5 shemustbeill forshedidn tcometoschoolthismorning 6 hefoundnobodyintheroom sohewentaway 7 heisold yetheisstillactiveinhiswork 8 thecompositionisallright howeverthereisroomforimprovement 9 hewasverytired andthereforehefellsoundasleep 10 wemusthurry orwe llbelate 11 eitherheiswrongoryouarewrong 12 hedoesn tknowher nordoi 13 notonlywasmymotherangry butmyfatheralso 十一 复合句结构 1 主语从句结构 1 连接代词 副词 从句 主句谓语部分 it 主句谓语部分 连接代词 副词 从句 常用连词that whether who whom whose which when where why how e g 1 thatwelovepeaceisknowntoall itisknowntoallthatwelovepeace 2 whetherwecansolvethedifficultystillremainsaquestion itstillremainsaquestionwhetherwecansolvethedifficulty 3 whosecompositionisbetterishardtosay itishardtosaywhosecompositionisbetter 4 wherewe llspendthesummerholidayshasnotbeendecided ithasn tbeendecidedwherewe llspendthesummerholidays 2 what 主语和及物动词谓语 主句谓语部分e g 1 whathesaidisnottrue 2 whatwearedoingisforbuildingsocialism whoever3 whatever 主语从句 主句谓语部分whichevere g 1 whoeverwantstogomaygoatonce 2 whateverisworthdoingatallisworthdoingwell happenedseems4 it isapity that clauseissaidisreported e g 1 ithappenedthathewasillwhenwefoundhim 2 itseemsthatshedoesn tlikeherjob 3 it sapitythatshehasgoneabroad 4 itissaid reportedthatourwomen sfootballteamhadwonagain 2 表语从句结构 that连词if主语 whether clause连接代词 who whom which what 连接副词 when where why how e g 1 hissuggestionisthatwegotobeijingtospendourholidays 2 thatisjustwhathewants 3 thequestioniswhowillhaveatryfirst 4 thatiswhythebatneverflyoutinthedaytime 5 theproblemiswhetherwecanfindeachotheratthestation 3 宾语从句结构 1 s vt that clausee g iwishicouldentercollege thekingrepliedthathewouldsethimfree 2 s vt if whether clausee g theteacheraskedifanyonewasabsent iwonderwhetherhewillcome ornot 3 s vt 连接代词 副词 clausee g heaskedwhichexerciseisthemostdifficult nooneknowswhattheyarefightingabout 4 s vt sb 连接代词 副词 clausee g hedidn ttellmewherehelived didn tshetellyouwhenweshouldstart 5 主谓结构 prep clausee g sheshouldbepraisedforwhatshehasdone thebosspaidtheworkersaccordingtohowmuchtheyhaddoneforhim 6 s vt to短语 that clausee g heexplainedtousthathehadfailedtocatchthefirstbus 7 s vt it adj n clausee g wefeltitstrangethatshecouldleavewithoutsayinggood bye wethoughtitashamethattheyfoughteachotherinclass 4 定语从句结构 1 主句主语 关系代词 副词 clause 主句谓语e g themanwhoisstandingbythedoorisourenglishteacher thewatch which that iboughtyesterdayismadeinswiss thedayswhenwewerecheatedaregoneforever 2 主句 关系代词 副词 clausee g thisisthegirlwhosefatherdiedintheflood i llneverforgetthedaywhenijoinedtheparty 3 主句中的被修饰词 prep 关系代词 clausee g theearthonwhichweliveisabigball wevisitedthehouseinwhichchairmanmaooncelived 4 非限定性定语从句 whichwho主句中的被修饰词 whom clausewhose n where e g wanghai sfather whoworksinnanjing hascomebackhome wevisitedtheindustrialexhibition wherewesawalotofforeignguests 5 状语从句结构 1 时间状语从句 1 conj clause 主句主句 conj clause 用于此类从句的连词有 when while as before after since until assoonas e g whenhesawhismother theboybegantocry i llwritetoyouassoonasigetthere 2 s hadnosooner done than clausenosoonerhad s done than clausee g thebellhadnosoonerrungthantheteacherwalkedintotheclassroom nosoonerhadthebellrungthantheteacherwalkedintotheclassroom 3 hardly had s done when before clauses had hardly done when before clausee g hardlyhadigothomewhen beforeitbegantorain ihadhardlygothomewhen beforeitbegantorain 4 scarcely had s done when before clauses had scarcely done when before clausee g scarcelyhadhegottobedwhen beforehefelltosleep hehadscarcelygottobedwhen beforehefelltosleep 2 地点状语从句 主句 where ever 从句where ver 从句 主句e g ilostmypenwhereiwrotemycomposition whereverwearesenttowork weshouldworkhard 3 原因状语从句 because as since nowthat 从句 主句主句 because as since nowthat 从句e g hedidn tgotothemeetingbecausehewasill asitisgoingtorain you dbetterstayathome 4 条件状语从句 if unless aslongas clause 主句主句 if unless aslongas 从句e g youaresuretosucceedifyouworkhard as solongaswekeepcalm wecanfindawayout 5 结果状语从句 主句 that sothat 从句 s v so adj adv that clause s v such a adj n that clause s v so adj a n that clause e g sheissokindtousthatweallloveher hespokesoquicklythatnobodycouldfollowhim shegaveussuchanexcellentlecturethateverybodyadmiredhim shegaveussoexcellentalecturethateverybodyadmiredhim 6 目的状语从句 thatsothat主句 inorderthat 从句incasee g wetookthefrontseatsinorderthatwecouldhearclearly 7 让步状语从句 1 conj clause 主句 主句 conj clauseadj 2 adv as though 从句 主句n 常用连词有 though although 虽然 evenif though 即使 whether or 不管事 还是 whoever nomat