DOC-道路交通外文文翻译--公路防撞护栏体系-公路隧道.doc

ROADGUARD BARRIER SYSTEMThe roadguard barrier, 6 feet long, 3.5 feet high, 2 feet wide at base, with its patented design, is the only barrier of its type that self locks without the need for additional assistance. No barrier, other than the roadguard barrier, can self-lock without the need of additional apparatus, such as a cable, strap, rod or coupler. In addition, the roadguard barrier, because of its unique patented design allows for curved configurations of up to 15 degrees at each barrier connection, in either direction, while remaining locked to the adjacent barrier. No other barrier can make that claim! Also, the roadguard barrier is designed for the addition of signs screens and flashers because of the built in slots for such devises and is easier to maneuver because of its weight and two carrying slots contained in each barrier. The patented interior design of the roadguard barrier prevents bulging and keeps its sides straight and trim while maintaining a weight of only 125 lbs. Empty but a secure 1675 lbs. The roadguard corner connector barrier is designed for use with the roadguard barrier as a connecting barrier unit to allow for either left or right angle turns, or both simultaneously, of between 75 to 105 degrees while locking together all connecting barriers. In addition, the corner connector barrier allows for the initial roadguard barrier line to continue after connecting barrier line extensions to the left and/or the right. Lightweight and easy to handle, the roadguard corner connector barrier is 2 feet in length and width and 3.5 feet in height, designed to correspond with the roadguard barrier. Directly beneath the filling hole of the roadguard corner connector barrier is a pin extending upward internally from the bottom of the barrier to secure firmly a pole or pipe that can be inserted downward through the filling hole. Said pole or pipe can be used to attach signage, privacy screens or security panels that extend above the barrier line height. The roadguard highway assembly is a reinforcement system for highway barriers that distribute and transfer forces that may occur upon impact of a vehicle so that the overall highway barrier system will have greater strength and integrity. The roadguard highway assembly system meets all NCHRP 350, Test Level 3 Truck and Car Crash Test Specifications, and is approved by the FHWA for use on highway construction projects where the posted vehicle speed in a work zone can be as high as 62-mph/100kph. The roadguard highway assembly is a fabricated steel assembly designed to easily mount to the roadguard barriers. This ASSEMBLY provides two distinct functions: Providing a strong and resilient outer surface to resist the wheel and bumper of a striking vehicle, and to link the barriers more securely to each other and create a very robust linear system such that the force of a striking vehicle will be distributed over many barriers, minimizing the lateral movement at the point of impact.The roadguard security panel is used for perimeter security, safety, crowd control and general site protection. These 6 x 4 chain link fence panel units install firmly on a roadguard barrier to give a stable 8 foot high continuous, unbroken protective fence for all security and safety needs. Optional solid material, screen, or interwoven chain link panels are available. Our study area lies in the north of modern delta of the Huanghe River and it was formed by the river way of Diaokou in 1964-1976.The Huanghe River has the largest content of silt and may transport about 10.6Gt/a silt into the Bohai sea. The sub-delta was built quickly under the supply of abundant sediments. The rapid accumulation in the delta always makes the river course to be diverted frequently. The abandoned delta would be eroded and retreated rapidly after diversion because the lack of supply. The gradient of the coastal slope in the delta is very gentle, the water depth is only 10m in the place about 10km apart from the coastal bank. A few of kilometers-wide tidal flat would be exposed during ebb tide that makes us work on the tidal flat conveniently. The sediments on the tidal flat are mainly composed of fine sands, silt and clay.With the development of economic construction, various kinds of modernized traffic facility, is it pay to set up such as expressway , city, overpass function blown strengthen day by day in communications and transportation, the development of and the communications and transportation has caused the rapid rising of the traffic accident, traffic Safe and own through becoming a great world difficult problemThe rigidity guardrail is offended the guardrail form not basically out of shape by the automobile, generally point the concept of adopting safe appearance of guardrail of modes in Chinese operatic music of concrete wall of concrete guardrail , through the different sides of slope of appearance mainly, make the automobile moderate , it is high to climb, change direction, last making not colliding kinds of guardrail angle smaller than 100 car not medium-sized making a change effective to, make automobile receive lighter damage, as angle of colliding, collide when relatively heavy speed having, the automobile damages seriously.According to rigidity with can divide into flexible guardrail , semi-rigid guardrail and rigidity guardrail safe form of guardrail. 1)The flexible guardrail generally points the cable guardrail , is one kind with structure that fixes of many roots on the pillar of cable of exerting prestressing force, totally relying on the stress of drawing of the cable to resist the vehicle and collide, the form is beautiful , not oppressing the sense while going, but the sight leads worse, the fabrication cost is relatively high, do not generally use. 2)The semi-rigid guardrail generally points the roof beam type guardrail , is a kind of roof beam type structure fixed with the pillar , depend on the guardrail crooked and out of shape and a pulling force resist the collision of the vehicle. There are a lot of kinds of the roof beam type guardrail , use the most extensive one to be the roof beam guardrail of the wave form . Have certain rigidity and toughness, easy to change after damaging, can lead the sight , the appearance is beautiful . 3)The rigidity guardrail generally points the cement concrete wall type guardrail , is a kind of concrete wall type structure of cement with certain section form , rely on the automobile to climb high , out of shape and rubing to absorb the energy of colliding . The guardrail security high, can prevent two accident effectively, itself difficult to damage, the maintenance cost is low, but have sense of oppressing to go to the vehicle, it is relatively serious to damage the vehicle.Security guardrail of expressway should prevent high-speed vehicle that go from exceed outlet, pass through central authorities is it is it is it to lane , can lead the drivers sight correctly to intrude upon to take to separate, make the vehicle get back to normal travel direction, and it is minimum to reduce malignant degree of the accident to. In a word, high-speed highway safety guardrail reduce traffic accident and reduce accident malignant effective measure of degree, but in shouldnt set up place of the guardrail set up the guardrail , become the new barrier instead, it is dangerous to increase the accident. So, should grasp the characteristic of the guardrail to the design of the safe guardrail first and combine the traffic condition of the expressway, on the premise of meeting basic function of the guardrail , select the suitable guardrail form for use, adopt the rational establishment principle.Because topographical terms , make the investment and technological terms to restrain from many kinds of factor, way side have barrier unavoidably, to exceed vehicle of outlet form the potential danger. Way side guardrail set up in be able to reduce accident serious place of degree only, its design principle is confirmed according to peoples subjective judgement of such factors as class of highway , volume of traffic , vehicle making up and way side characteristic ,etc.The most ideal guardrail form is that meet functions needs as well as the cost is the lowest, and elegant in appearance, and can lead the sight of driving a vehicle . The cable guardrail is suitable for not having evenly no sinking , snow , long straight line , highway section with the special beautiful demand ; The concrete guardrail is suitable for very dangerous stepping such highway sections as the river bridge , cliff ,etc.; Wave form guardrail have heavy suitability, suitable for all highway section basically, especially small radius curved dish is it lead highway section of sight to need. Require according to norm and Hunan Province many pieces of high-speed highway safety guardrail design experience, the general way side of highway section adopts the roof beam guardrail of the wave form , the specific very difficult dangerous highway section adopts the concrete guardrail .In a situation that the volume of traffic is big, vehicle go at a high speed, is it cross central authorities separate the situation led to happen, may produce the serious consequence , so, the central authorities separate the width that bring as the important basis of setting up guardrail . Anticollision cushion through absorb vehicle collide energy make vehicles stopping safely, make the vehicle change travel direction, avoid the department and take advantage of personnels receiving facilities of the serious injury. The anticollision cushion is with low costs, have very high security performance . It mainly applies from taking in the middle of not having to bringing and carrying out the transition while having, the usual friendship channelizing island shunts one, has regular barriers when the pilosity highway section of the traffic accident. The anticollision cushion has plastic cushions of systematic anticollision of intermediate layer , fill out such various forms as the sand plastic barrel anticollision cushion , sand bag ,etc. Practice has proved , the anticollision cushion is a kind of effective facility , it is mainly serious degree which reduces the accident, but not reduce the emergence of the accident. With the rapid development of the expressway of our country, people have improved a lot understanding of the importance of safe guardrail, while building the guardrail, should compare from such many aspects as performance , view and economy ,etc. conscientiously , consider in an all-round way.The anticollision guardrail includes the concrete functions of four respects: 1)Prevent vehicle from jump outlet (bridge ) outside, is it bring to separate to central authorities but speech, is it prevent vehicle from pass through central authorities is it take but intrude upon correctly the lane to separate to want; Meanwhile , is it get off vehicle get out under partial toing the breast board , or break the guardrail to defend; 2)The guardrail should be able to make the vehicle reply to and stop travel direction frequently ; 3)While colliding , the damage to the passenger is the minimum degree: 4)Can lead the sight of the persons who drive . Can be found out from above-mentioned functions, the guardrail must have suitable intensity of mechanics and collision in order to keep out the vehicle of rigidity , prevent the vehicle from crossing outside of outlet (the bridge ): Meanwhile, rigidity of guardrail can too heavy, can is it injure or lighten the degree of injuring to protect passenger from better.Real car full size is it is it offend with actual automobile guardrail is it imitate a kind of research approach of traffic accident to come to test to bump into. It can get automobile sport orbit and sport posture in the course of striking , such true believable technical parameters as the number value of shock power ,etc. of deformation and damage characteristic and colliding of the automobile and guardrail , thus offered the scientific basis for the dependability of other research approach income results of design and verification of the safe and reliable guardrail structure. Now, various countries bump into the test of the real car of the system to regard as the basic prerequisite studied to the guardrail .Because the way side guardrail itself is a barrier , in a situation that the condition is permitted, the side guardrail of the way should be set up as much as possible and far away from the runway. So, the vehicle which deviates from the runway can perhaps is it answer to sail in the runway again having no accidents most heavy . Way side object exceed from runway edge sure to after worthing , take as the barrier , driver can because reducing speed last position. This distance is called and leant towards the location horizontally . This distance varies with speed, must pay attention to guaranteeing the proper transition is designed when No. link with other structures thing in side guardrails ; Should also pay attention to guaranteeing the proper distance between the guardrail and barrier . The deformation when the guardrail collides is not only an important factor that the form is chosen, but also an important factor set up . When the barrier especially protected is a rigidity object, the distance between the guardrail and object should be large in order to prevent the vehicle from stumbling hindering on the rigidity object enough. Set up the side guardrail of the way to guaranteeing the function on the way with safe side is great rationally, but the diversification of the side guardrail form of the way and influence factor of establishment make the design of the side guardrail of the way very complicated numerouslyGuardrail as superhighway a important one safety devices most one of , can prevent vehicle from go out highway or intrude upon to to go the lane, have function of reducing accident losses , guaranteeing the traffic safety, for improving sense of safety and comfortableness that the department rides personnel, it is indispensable to improve the economy of highway transportation and social benefit.The guardrail is one of the most important safety devices of expressway . According to the difference which can suck the way, the guardrail is divided into the following 3 typical forms : Rigidity guardrail , the semi-rigid guardrail and flexible guardrail . The function of the guardrail is: When the automobile and guardrail collide , under ones own situation not destroyed , absorb the energy of colliding partly, and channel the automobile into the runway , guarantee the automobile does not cross the guardrail and rushes into the relative lane or puts the bank protection rollingly . So the requisition for guardrail is: Must have enough intensity and proper rigidity , there should the stronger one that can suck the characteristic and certain direction ability at the same time.Obviously, it is different that systematic security with colliding to the automobile - the semi-rigid guardrail of study on security that the automobile collides is studied, in automobile collide security research results that make can is it guide semi-rigid design of guardrail to use for directly either in studying ; Or regard the automobile as and have no form of geometry and the particle of the size or simple spring - quality - damping system, is it is it study semi-rigid guardrail for line elastomer semi-rigid designing technique of guardrail wait for such as anticollision mechanism to come to simplify at the same time.Have not already while studying considered the ball plasticity of the semi-rigid guardrail moves on the influence of the law to the automobile big and out of shape, consider geometry form , size and automobile car body structure of automobile play plasticity to be heavy and out of shape to semi-rigid guardrail heavy influence out of shape too, have not considered the emergency rate effect of the material and inertia effect are to the automobile car body structure and large influence out of shape of semi-rigid guardrail , have not considered the influence of each and ones own the automobile and semi-rigid guardrail and contact and friction each other even more. In a word , have not considered any coupling dynamics phenomenon . Obviously, the essence that the designing technique of semi-rigid guardrail received like this can not reflect the question , result its unfavorable to special, great malignant traffic accident prevent and cure improvement of competence.We think , two inalienable components in the system that the automobile and semi-rigid guardrail collide in the automobile bumps into this incident of semi-rigid guardrail , the mutual coupling of two , influencing each other , form an organic whole together. While the automobile bumps into the semi-rigid guardrail , the automobile will keep in touch with the semi-rigid guardrails , and position and area of contact that are exposed to will change with sport of the automobile , the contact area changed will produce the contact strength and frictional force changed changed , under acting on commonly in contact strength and frictional force changed of changing, semi-rigid guardrail and automobile car body structure will take place size and whom position change heavy and out of shape (this kind is big and out of shape and often closely related to the emergency rate effect of the material and inertia effect), This kind heavy to can cause new contact while being out of shape (including automobile car body structure and semi-rigid guardrail are ones own since contact , position and area are in changing contact each other), then influence the size and direction exposed to strength and frictional force , influence the sport orbit of the automobile, this kind feedback function make automobile - semi-rigid guardrail collide