虚拟语气用法总结幻灯片.ppt

虚拟语气 1 概念 谓语v用不同的形式表示说话人的不同意图 这种形式称为语气 语气分三种 1 陈述语气 用来陈述一个事实 或提出一种看法 有肯定 否定 疑问 感叹等形式 Heislateforclass Whatfun Heisnotinterestedinclassicalmusic 2 祈使语气 用来表示请求 邀请 命令 警告或劝告等 动词常用原形 Don tbelate 3 虚拟语气 表示说话人所说的不是事实 而是一种假设 愿望 怀疑或推测 2 一 虚拟语气在if非真实条件句中 主语 did were 主语 should would could might do 主语 haddone 主语 should would could might havedone 主语 1 did2 shoulddo3 weretodo 主语 should would could might do 3 Ifyouhadstudiedhardbefore youwouldhavepassedtheexam 1 如果我是你 我会接受他的建议 3 如果明天下雨 我会待在家里 2 如果你以前好好学习 你会通过考试的 IfIwereyou Iwouldaccepthisadvice Ifitrained shouldrain weretoraintomorrow Iwouldstayathome 4 Youdidn tletmedrive Ifwe inturn you sotired drove didn tgetdrove wouldn tgetweredriving wouldn tgethaddriven wouldn thavegot 5 注意 1 错综时间虚拟语气当从句主句所表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时 动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整 Ifyou follow myadvicejustnow you be betternow Ifyou study hardbefore you be acollegestudentnow hadfollowed wouldbe hadstudied wouldbe 6 Ifyou withGeorgeearlier you soangrynow talked wouldnotbehadtalked wouldnotbewouldtalk wouldnotbehadtalked wouldnothavebeen 7 Ifwehadtakensucheffectivemeasuresmuchearlier theriver soseriouslynow isnotpollutedwouldnotbepollutedhadnotbeenpollutedwouldnothavebeenpolluted 8 2 if从句中 were had 完成时态标志 should可以放在句首 用于倒装结构 if必须省略 否定词not不能放在前面 1 HadInotseenhimthen Hadn tIseenhimthen Iwouldn thavebeenveryhappy 2 IfIwereyou Iwouldaccepthisadvice 3 Ifitrained shouldrain weretoraintomorrow Iwouldstayathome 4 Ifyouhadstudiedhardbefore youwouldhavepassedtheexam Hadyoustudiedhardbefore WereIyou Shoulditrainedtomorrow Wereittoraintomorrow 9 itraintomorrow wewouldhavetoputoffthevisittotheYangPuBridge WereB ShouldC WouldD Will 10 3 含蓄虚拟语气有时为了表达的需要 在虚拟语气中 并不总是出现if引导的条件句 而通过其它手段来代替条件句 常用的有介词with without butfor 倘没有 要不是 连词or but 副词otherwise等 1 Iwasillthatday Otherwise Iwouldhavetakenpartinthesportsmeeting IfIhadn tbeenillthatday Iwouldhavetakenpartinthesportsmeeting 11 2 Hetelephonedtoinformmeofyourbirthday orIwouldhaveknownnothingaboutit 3 Ishouldhavegivenyoumorehelp butIwastoobusy 4 Whatwouldyoudowithamilliondollars 5 Without Butforyourhelp wecouldn thavefinishedtheworkaheadoftime Ifithadnotbeenforyourhelp 12 Withoutelectricity humanbeinglife quitedifferenttoday iswillbewouldhavebeenwouldbe 13 Butforhishelp I shouldnothavesucceededhavenotsucceededdidnotsucceedhadnotsucceeded 14 Hehesitatedforamomentbeforekickingtheball otherwisehe agoal hadscoredscoredwouldscorewouldhavescored 15 二 虚拟语气的其他用法1 asif asthough 好像 从句与现在相反did were与过去相反haddone与将来相反would could might doHelooksasifhewereanartist Hetalkedabouttheaccidentasifhehadseenit 16 注意 若表示的确有某种可能 尤指天气 也可不用虚拟语气 Eg Look Thecloudsaregathering Itlooksasifit sgoingtorain Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater itlooksasifit A breaksB hasbrokenC werebrokenD hadbeenbroken 17 2 Itis high about time that sbdid sbshould 不可省略 do该是某人做某事的时候了 Itishightimethatyougotup shouldgetup 18 I mgettingtired it stimewe home A goB aregoingC wentD shouldbegoing 19 3 wish ifonly 要是 就好了 从句与现在事实相反did were与过去事实相反haddone 或用couldhavedone 与将来事实相反could would might doIwish that he visit ustomorrow Iwish that he visit ustoday Iwishhe visit usyesterday hadvisitedus couldhavevisitedus would could mightvisit visited Ifonlyyou listen toouradvice IfonlyI be abird hadlistened were 20 4 在wouldrather 宾语从句中与现在或将来事实相反did were与过去事实相反haddone即 wouldrathersbdid haddoneIwouldratheryou come heretomorrow Iwouldratheryou nottell methetruth came hadn ttold 21 5 用于表示建议 advise suggest propose recommend 命令 order command 要求 demand require request desire 坚持要求 insist 等词相连的从句中需用虚拟语气 sb should do1 Isuggestedthathe should gothereatonce 宾语从句 2 Myadviceisthatwe should tellhimthenews 3 Imadeasuggestionthathe 同位语从句 4 Itissuggestedthathe 主语从句 5 Mysuggestionwasthathe 表语从句 22 Theofficergavetheorderthatnothing untilthepeoplearrived A didn ttouchB touchedC betouchedD touch 23 注意 suggest 表明 暗示陈述语气建议虚拟语气Herpalefacesuggestedthatshe be illandthatshe send tohospitalimmediately Insist 坚持说 坚持认为陈述语气坚持主张 坚持要求虚拟语气Heinsistedthathe notsteal themoneyandinsistedthathe set free was should besent hadn tstolen should beset 24 6 主语从句中的虚拟语气 主要是it作形式主语 Itisnecessary important natural strange funny surprising apity ashame nowonder suggested advised recommended desired等thatsb should doItisstrangethathe should havetreatedhisparentslikethat ItisapitythatLucy sho